Philine, Ascanius, 1772

Valdés, Ángel, 2008, Deep-sea “ cephalaspidean ” heterobranchs (Gastropoda) from the tropical southwest Pacific, Mémoires du Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle 196, pp. 587-792 : 713-714

Genus PHILINE Ascanius, 1772

Philine Ascanius, 1772: 331 . Type species: Philine quadripartita Ascanius, 1772 [= Philine aperta (Linné, 1767) ; Recent, Norway], by monotypy.

Synonyms:

Lobaria Müller, 1776 : xxix, 226. Type species: Lobaria quadriloba Müller, 1776 [= Philine aperta (Linné, 1767) ; Recent, eastern Atlantic and Mediterranean], by monotypy.

Bullaea Lamarck, 1801: 63 . Type species: Philine planciana Lamarck, 1801 [= Philine aperta (Linné, 1767) ; Recent, Mediterranean], by monotypy.

Ossiania Monterosato, 1884: 147 . Type species: Philine scutulum Lovén, 1846 [Recent, northeastern Atlantic], by original designation.

Hermania Monterosato, 1884: 147 . Type species: Bulla scabra Müller, 1784 [Recent, Norway], by monotypy.

Yokoyamaia Habe, 1950b: 50 . Type species: Philine ornatissima Yokoyama, 1927 [Recent, Japan], by original designation.

REMARKS. — Several generic names have been introduced for species of the traditional genus Philine Ascanius, 1772 , for the most part based on conchological differences. Two of these genera, Lobaria Müller, 1776 and Bullaea Lamarck, 1801 , are based on nominal type species that are synonyms of Philine aperta (Linné, 1767) , which is also the valid name for the type species of Philine . Thus there is no question that Lobaria and Bullaea are synonyms of Philine .

Rudman (1972a), Marcus (1974) and Gosliner (1980; 1988) considered the division of Philine artificial and unnecessary. Rudman (1972a) showed that there are intermediates between most of the forms separated as genera by Habe (1950b) and Pruvot-Fol (1954). All these names have been included here in the synonymy of Philine .

The anatomy and external morphology of Philine has been studied in detail by Rudman (1972a) and Gosliner (1988) and the diagnosis above is based on these two papers.