Tudicla rusticula (de Basterot, 1825 )

Harzhauser, Mathias & Landau, Bernard M., 2024, The Colubrariidae, Eosiphonidae, Melongenidae, Pisaniidae, Prodotiidae and Tudiclidae (Gastropoda, Buccinoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea, Zootaxa 5427 (1), pp. 1-110 : 57-61

Tudicla rusticula (de Basterot, 1825)

Figs 30A–C , 31A

* P [yrula]. rusticula Nob. —de Basterot 1825: 68, pl. 7 fig. 9.

[ Pyrula ] rusticula Bast. — Hauer 1837: 418.

Melongena rusticula Bast. —Pusch 1837: 147, pl. 12, fig. 10.

[ Pyrula spirillus Lam. ] var. mutica — Grateloup 1845: pl. 28 fig. 1.

[ Pyrula spirillus Lam. ] var. gigantea — Grateloup 1845: pl. 28 fig. 2.

[ Pyrula spirillus Lam. ] var. rectirostris — Grateloup 1845: pl. 28 fig. 3.

[ Pyrula spirillus Lam. ] var. aculeata — Grateloup 1845: pl. 28 fig. 4.

[ Pyrula spirillus Lam. ] var. spinifera — Grateloup 1845: pl. 28 fig. 5.

[ Pyrula ] rusticula Bast. — Hörnes 1848: 19.

Murex spirillus — Eichwald 1853: 192 [non Tudicla spirillus ( Linné, 1767) ].

Pyrula rusticula — Naumann 1852: plate captions, pl. 70, fig. 14.

Pyrula rusticula Bast. —Hörnes 1853 (pars): 266, pl. 27, figs 1–7 [non 8–10 = Tudicla hoernesi ( Stur, 1870) ].

[ Tudicla rusticula ] Grundensis de Greg.— De Gregorio 1885b: 50 [nov. nom. pro. Pyrula rusticula Hörnes 1853 : pl. 27, fig. 2).

[ Tudicla rusticula ] mupicella de Greg.— De Gregorio 1885b: 50 [nov. nom. pro. Pyrula rusticula Hörnes 1853 : pl. 27, fig. 1).

[ Tudicla rusticula ] reina de Greg.— De Gregorio 1885b: 50 [nov. nom. pro. Pyrula rusticula Hörnes 1853 : pl. 27, fig. 4).

Pyrula rusticola [sic] Bast.— Handmann 1888: 18, pl. 3, fig. 21.

Pyrula (Spirilla) rusticula Bast. —Hoernes & Auinger 1890: 243.

Tudicla rusticula (Basterot) — Cossmann 1901: 68, pl. 3, figs 12–13.

Tudicla rusticula (Basterot) — Sacco 1904: 31, pl. 9, figs 10–12.

T [udicla]. rusticula var. costulostriata Sacc. — Sacco 1904: 31, pl. 9, fig. 13.

T [udicla]. rusticula var. subacarinata Sacc. — Sacco 1904: 31, pl. 9, fig. 14.

T [udicla]. rusticula var. subinermicarinata Sacc. — Sacco 1904: 31, pl. 9, figs 15–16.

T [udicla]. rusticula var. tauroplicata Sacc. — Sacco 1904: 31, pl. 9, fig. 17.

Spirillus rusticula (Bast.) — Boettger 1902: 35.

Tudicla rusticula (Basterot) — Grabau 1907: 619, pl. 1, figs 2, 5.

Tudicla bispinosa Grabau — Grabau 1907: 619, pl. 1, figs 1, 3, 4.

Pyrula (Spirilla) rusticula Bast. — Schaffer 1908: 108, pl. 2, fig. 7.

Tudicla rusticula Bast. — Friedberg 1912: 151, pl. 8, fig. 11.

Pyrula (Tudicla) rusticula Bast. var. Hoernesi Stur — Schaffer 1912: 138, pl. 49, figs 34–37 [non Tudicla hoernesi ( Stur, 1870) ].

Pyrula (Tudicla) rusticula Bast. — Schaffer 1912: 137, pl. 49, fig. 38.

Pyrula (Tudicla) rusticula Bast. var. altespirata Schff. — Schaffer 1912: 138, pl. 50, figs 1–2.

Tudicla rusticula (Basterot) — Peyrot 1928: 33, pl. 5, figs 17, 18.

[ Tudicla rusticula ] var. subacarinata — Peyrot 1928: 35, pl. 5, fig. 19.

[ Tudicla rusticula ] var. mutica Grat. — Peyrot 1928: 35, pl. 5, fig. 20.

Tudicla rusticula (Basterot) — Rutsch 1929: 22, pl. 1, figs 9, 10.

Tudicla rusticula Bast. — Montanaro 1935: 68, pl. 5, fig. 13.

Tudicla rusticula Bast. — Friedberg 1938: 138.

Tudicla rusticula (Basterot) — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950: 57.

Tudicla rusticula (Basterot) — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954: 48.

Tudicla (Tudicla) rusticula Bast. — Korobkov 1955: plate captions, pl. 85, figs 16–17.

T [udicla]. (T [udicla].) rusticula (Bast.) — Sieber 1958: 154.

T [udicla]. (T [udicla].) rusticula altespirata Schff.— Sieber 1958: 154.

Tudicla rusticula ( Basterot 1825) — Hölzl 1958: 251, pl. 21, fig. 7

Tudicla rusticula hoernesi (Stur 1871) — Hölzl 1958: 252 [non Tudicla hoernesi ( Stur, 1870) ].

Tudicla rusticula (Basterot) — Răileanu & Negulescu 1964: 177, pl. 14, fig. 2.

Tudicla (Tudicla) rusticula ( Basterot, 1825) — Tejkal et al. 1967: 204, pl. 11B, fig. 22.

Tudicla rusticula ( Basterot, 1825) — Zelinskaya et al. 1968: 215, pl. 49, figs 23–24.

Tudicla (Tudicla) hoernesi ( Stur, 1870) — Steininger et al. 1971: 403, pl. 11, fig. 2 [non Tudicla hoernesi ( Stur, 1870) ].

Tudicla rusticula Basterot — Nicorici 1972: 68.

Tudicla (Tudicla) rusticula rusticula ( Basterot, 1825) — Steininger 1973: 403.

Tudicla rusticula hoernesi Stur — Steininger 1973: 403, pl. 11, fig. 2 [non Tudicla hoernesi ( Stur, 1870) ].

Tudicla (Tudicla) rusticula ( Basterot, 1825) — Bałuk 1997: 40, pl. 12, fig. 1–5.

Tudicla (Tudicla) rusticula (Basterot) — Schultz 1998: 70, pl. 28, fig. 5.

Tudicla rusticula (Basterot) — Lozouet et al. 2001: 64, pl. 29, fig. 7.

Tudicla rusticula ( Basterot, 1825) —Harzhauser 2002: 108, pl. 9, fig. 11

Tudicla rusticula ( Basterot, 1825) — Harzhauser 2003: 200, pl. 1, fig. 9.

Tudicla rusticula ( Basterot 1825) — Pfister & Wegmüller 2007: 169, pl. 8, figs 23–26, pl. 9, figs 4–10.

Tudicla rusticula (Basterot) — Lozouet 2021: 36, pl. 43, figs 11–14.

Tudicla rusticula ( Basterot, 1825) — Kovács 2022: 75, figs 34–35.

Tudicla rusticula ( Basterot, 1825) — Kovács & Vicián 2023: 255, fig. 13S.

Type material. Syntypes MNHN.F.A70753, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, Léognan ( France), illustrated in de Basterot (1825: pl. 7 fig. 9) .

Illustrated material. NHMW 1852 /0012/0026, SL: 89.2 mm , MD: 57.8 mm, Grund ( Austria) illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 2), holotype of Tudicla rusticula grundensis De Gregorio 1885b , Figs 30A 1 –A 2 . NHMW 1848 /0003/0072, SL: 94.5 mm , MD: 72.5 mm, Niederkreuzstetten ( Austria) illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 1), holotype of Tudicla rusticula mupicella De Gregorio 1885b , Figs 30B 1 –B 2 . NHMW 1878 /0041/0009, SL: 74.8 mm , MD: 54.2 mm, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf ( Austria), Figs 30C 1 –C 2 . NHMW 1997 z0178/1116, SL: 31.6 mm , MD: 24.3 mm, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), Figs 31A .

Additional material. NHMW 1861 /0050/0288, Gauderndorf ( Austria), Eggenburgian (Early Miocene), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 50, fig. 1) . NHMW 1850 /0009/0036, Mörtersdorf ( Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 49, fig. 36) ; NHMW 1850 /0009/0036, Mörtersdorf ( Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1912: pl. 49, fig. 37). Karpatian (Early Miocene): 2 spec. , NHMW 1861 /0050/0108, Niederkreuzstetten ( Austria); 3 spec. , NHMW 1849 /0004/0023, Niederkreuzstetten ( Austria). Badenian (Middle Miocene) : NHMW 1851 /0002/0043, SL: 32.2 mm , MD: 18.1 mm, Grund ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 7) ; NHMW 1857 /0028/0021, SL: 76.3 mm , MD: 53.2 mm, Grund ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 3); 3 spec. , NHMW 1851 /0026/0034, Grund ( Austria) ; NHMW 1937 /0002/0289, Grund ( Austria), illustrated in Schaffer (1908: pl. 2, fig. 7); 7 spec. , NHMW 1851 /0002/0043, Grund ( Austria) ; NHMW 1853 /0010/0022, SL: 63.0 mm , MD: 56.8 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, fig. 4) ; NHMW 1851 /0006/0011, Bad Vöslau ( Austria), illustrated in Hörnes (1853: pl. 27, figs 9–10); 8 spec. , NHMW 1855 /0045/0702, Grund ( Austria); 3 spec. , NHMW 1855 /0045/0703, Grund ( Austria); 5 spec. , NHMW 1851 /0002/0042, Grund ( Austria); 5 spec. , NHMW A928 , Guntersdorf ( Austria); 3 spec. , NHMW D1884 /1599, Guntersdorf ( Austria); 1 spec. , NHMW 1864 /0001/0497, Enzesfeld ( Austria); 2 spec. , NHMW 1853 /0016/0016, Baden ( Austria); 1 spec. , NMW 1868 /0001/0084, Baden-Sooss ( Austria); 4 spec. , NHMW 1872 /0030/0044, Baden-Sooss ( Austria); 8 spec. , NHMW 1872 /0030/0101, Bad Vöslau ( Austria); 6 spec. , NHMW 1851 /0026/0075, Vienna / Pötzleinsdorf ( Austria); 1 spec. , NHMW 1853 /0003/0119, Forchtenau ( Austria); 2 spec. , NHMW 1867 /0019/0108, CoŞteiu de Sus ( Romania); 3 spec. , NHMW 1854 /0035/0199, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania); 6 spec. , NHMW 1853 /0038/0023, Korytnica ( Poland) .

Revised description. Large shell of up to six teleoconch whorls. Apical angle about 80° for early teleoconch whorls, rapidly increasing to 120–140° on late teleoconch whorls. Protoconch paucispiral of two whorls, high, mammillate. First two teleoconch whorls smooth with coronate carina close above abapical suture. Subsutural ramp faintly concave. On third whorl subsutural ramp broadens, weakly concave to flat, carina migrating close to abapical suture; sculpture of low, widely spaced spiral cords may appear on subsutural ramp, developed into pointed tubercles at carina, and delicate growth lines. Suture undulating around tubercles on carina. Last whorl extremely high, attaining 90–95% of total height, periphery usually with two angulations; shoulder angulation typically rounded with more or less distinct tubercles; basal angulation may be equally strong and tuberculate, to lacking tubercles, to completely absent; base very strongly constricted below basal angulation; fasciole extremely long, base and fasciole covered by numerous spiral cords, often most strongly developed at junction between base and fasciole, although variable. Aperture elongate, pyriform. Columella strongly excavated mid-aperture, with blunt columellar fold at transition to siphonal canal. Columellar callus thin, moderately delimited from base. Anal canal weakly incised accentuated by prominent parietal fold. Outer lip thin with numerous lirae within in fully grown specimens. Siphonal canal extraordinarily long, straight but often slightly twisting, very narrow.

Paratethyan synonyms. About eleven variety and subspecies names have been proposed for French and Italian specimens by Grateloup (1845), Sacco (1904), Grabau (1907) and Peyrot (1928). In addition, four names were established for morphotypes of Tudicla rusticula based on Paratethyan material by De Gregorio (1885b) and Schaffer (1912). Especially those introduced by De Gregorio (1885b) were overlooked by subsequent authors. Carinate specimens with only one keel were separated by de Gregorio (1885b) as Tudicla rusticula grundensis and Tudicla rusticula reina . Specimens with relatively high spires were separated by Schaffer (1912) as Pyrula (Tudicla) rusticula altespirata . An exceptionally large specimen was named Tudicla rusticula mupicella by De Gregorio 1885b.

Discussion. The protoconch morphology and the early teleoconch agrees well with those of the present-day Tudicla spirillus ( Linné, 1767) as described by Harasewych (2018: figs 1–3, 6), confirming the generic placement of the Miocene European species. The early teleoconch of Tudicla rusticula (de Basterot, 1825) from Bad Vöslau ( Austria) is lower compared to specimens from the Burdigalian of the Aquitaine Basin in the collections of the NHMW and as illustrated by Lozouet (2021: pl. 43, figs 12–14). In addition, the protoconch of the Paratethyan specimen is slightly more mammillate. As we do not have enough material to describe the variability of the early spire, we prefer to treat both occurrences as conspecific. Fully grown shells are indistinguishable from French specimens. The presence of a second angulation is variable and specimens with only one carina are not uncommon. Some specimens with relatively high spire were separated by Schaffer (1912) as Tudicla rusticula altespirata . Such specimens are restricted to the Eggenburgian stage and do not occur thereafter. These specimens co-occur with typical specimens of Tudicla rusticula and therefore, we doubt that they represent a distinct species or subspecies.

Paleoenvironment. Shallow marine, inner neritic.

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Eggenburgian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: St. Gallen, Belpberg ( Switzerland) ( Rutsch 1929; Pfister & Wegmüller 2007); Eggenburg, Gauderndorf, Loibersdorf, Maigen, Mörtersdorf ( Austria) ( Schaffer 1912, hoc opus); Transylvanian Basin: CoruŞ ( Romania) ( Răileanu & Negulescu 1964). Karpatian (Early Miocene): North Alpine Foreland Basin: Laa, Neuruppersdorf (Hoernes &Auinger 1890; hoc opus), Slup ( Czech Republic) ( Tejkal et al. 1967); Korneuburg Basin: Gebmannsberg, Karnabrunn, Kleinebersdorf, Niederkreuzstetten, Rückersdorf, Stetten Wetzelsdorf ( Austria) (Harzhauser 2002). Badenian (Middle Miocene): Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Bałuk 1995); North Alpine Foreland Basin: Grund, Guntersdorf, Pernersdorf, Windpassing ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890; hoc opus); Vienna Basin: Baden, Baden-Sooss, Bad Vöslau, Enzesfeld, Gainfarn, Vienna /Pötzleinsdorf, Vienna /Kalksburg ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890; hoc opus); Styrian Basin: Pöls ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Eisenstadt-Sopron Basin: Forchtenau ( Austria) (Hoernes & Auinger 1890); Pannonian Basin: Hidas, Letkés ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1950; Kovács & Vicián 2023); Mátra Mountains: Mátraverebély ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1954); Şimleu Basin: Tusa ( Romania) ( Nicorici 1972); Făget Basin: CoŞteiu de Sus, Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) ( Kovács 2022; hoc opus).

Northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian and Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Léognan, Cestas, Saucats, Peloua, Mérignac, St. Paul-les-Dax ( France) ( Peyrot 1928). Aquitaine Basin: Langhian (Middle Miocene): Saubrigues ( France) ( Peyrot 1928). Aquitaine Basin: Serravallian (Middle Miocene): Orthez, Salles, Sallespisse ( France) ( Peyrot 1928).

Proto-Mediterranean Sea. Burdigalian (Early Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Baldissero, Termô-Fôurà, Val Ceppi ( Italy) ( Bellardi 1884). Langhian (Middle Miocene): Colli Torinesi: Monte dei Cappuccini, Sciolze, Rio Batteria ( Italy) ( Sacco 1904). Tortonian (Late Miocene): Po Basin: Montegibbio, Stazzano, S. Agata ( Italy) ( Bellardi 1884; Montanaro 1935).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Measurements for shell morphology; AA: apical angle, SL: shell length, MD: maximum diameter, LWH: last whorl height, AH: aperture height, AL: aperture length, AW: aperture width.

FIGURE 2. Colubraria subobscura (Hoernes & Auinger, 1884). A1–A3. NHMW 1854/0035/0170, paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). B1–B2. NHMW 1859/0037/0018a, paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). C1–C3. NHMW 1865/0001/0183, paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). D1–D2. NHMW 1859/0037/0018b, paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). E1–E3. NHMW 1874/0025/0021, lectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). F1–F2. NHMW 2023/0338/0001, paralectotype, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania).

FIGURE 30. Tudicla rusticula (de Basterot, 1825). A1–A2. NHMW 1852/0012/0026, Grund (Austria). B1–B2. NHMW 1848/0003/0072, Niederkreuzstetten (Austria). C1–C2. NHMW 1878/0041/0009, Vienna/Pötzleinsdorf (Austria). Tudicla hoernesi (Stur, 1870). D1–D3. NHMW 1855/0045/0908, lectotype, Baden-Sooss (Austria). E1–E2. NHMW 1851/0013/0021, paralectotype, Bad Vöslau (Austria).

FIGURE 31. A. Tudicla rusticula (de Basterot, 1825), NHMW 1997z0178/1116, Bad Vöslau (Austria). B. Tudicla hoernesi (Stur, 1870), NHMW 1997z0178/1115, Bad Vöslau (Austria).