Pseudorhopalia manauara, Calhau, Julia, Nihei, Silvio Shigueo & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2014

Calhau, Julia, Nihei, Silvio Shigueo & Lamas, Carlos José Einicker, 2014, Taxonomic revision of Pseudorhopalia Wilcox & Papavero, 1971 (Insecta, Diptera, Mydidae, Rhopaliinae), with description of a new species from the Brazilian Amazon, Zootaxa 3884 (4), pp. 333-346 : 338-344

Pseudorhopalia manauara , sp. n.

( Figs. 4–9 )

Etymology. The specific epithet “ manauara ” (Portuguese) is how one refers to a natural born citizen of Manaus, the capital of Amazonas State, type-locality of this species, and is treated as a noun in apposition.

Diagnosis. Head with dense whitish pubescence, absent around ocelli and vertex. Wing vein CuA1+M3 present; cell r4 not constricted distally. Male abdomen predominantly orange with medial dark spots; female abdomen dark brown. Phallus with a pair of dorsal projections.

Male. Total length, excluding antenna, 18.6–19.1 mm, n=3 (19.1 mm in the holotype). Head ( Figs. 4 A,C). 2.3 mm high in lateral view, 3.4 mm wide in anterior view (holotype), black, with dense whitish pubescence, absent on frons around ocelli and vertex; vertex between compound eyes slightly depressed (less than 60° angle on median eye margin); facial gibbosity slightly higher than wide; setulae yellow, few black on dorsal and ventral margins of occiput; mystax yellow, covering ventral half of facial gibbosity; pubescence dense yellow, more whitish ventrally to antenna, ventral half of occiput and postgena. Mouthparts. Dark brown. Antenna. Reddish brown, scape black, distal postpedicel red; setulae black, few golden ventrally on scape in the holotype; holotype measurements: scape 0.4 mm long, pedicel 0.1 mm long, proximal postpedicel 1.5 mm long, distal postpedicel 1.4 mm long, 0.4 mm wide; distal postpedicel broader at about two-thirds of its length, sensory area rounded, restricted to apex on inner surface of antenna.

Thorax ( Figs. 4 A, 5A). Integument yellowish brown to black, densely beige pubescent; antepronotum black, with a row of short black setulae; postpronotum reddish brown (holotype) to black, black on a medial stripe, postpronotal lobe yellowish brown, brown on posterior wall, setulae short black; scutum black on acrostichal and intraalar areas, reddish posteriorly, yellowish brown on postalar callus, setulae short black, sparse, present on supraalar and dorsocentral regions and postalar callus, pubescence forming supraalar and dorsocentral stripes connected anteriorly and posteriorly; scutellum black, asetulose, longitudinally rugose on ventral margin; mediotergite black medially, dark brown laterally, shallow rugose on dorsum, deeper laterally; katatergite dark brown; anepisternum black or yellowish brown with black dorsal margin and black ventral spot (holotype); katepisternum yellowish brown dorsally and ventrally, remaining surface black; anepimeron yellowish brown to black (holotype), setulae long yellow to black (only yellow in the holotype); katepimeron black; metepimeron black, with few short yellow setulae; metanepisternum yellowish brown; metakatepisternum yellowish brown, ventrally with short sparse yellow setulae; meron black, densely pubescent; metepimeron yellowish brown, asetulose, densely pubescent; prosternum and proepisternum brown to black, yellow setulose, pubescent; mesosternum asetulose, pubescent. Male terminalia ( Figs. 7 A–E). Hypopygium predominantly bright orange; epandrium short black setulose; gonocoxite-hypandrial complex with pair of small projections on posterior margin, golden setulose at base of posterior process; posterior process of gonocoxite very short, black distally, roundish on outer surface at apex; phallus with a pair of dorsal projections.

Legs ( Figs. 4 A, 6A). Orange to dark brown, setulae mostly short, black; fore and mid coxae dark brown, hind coxa dark brown, orange posterodorsally; fore, mid and hind coxae long setulose distally, beige pubescent; fore, mid and hind trochanters dark brown, hind trochanter dark orange proximally on posterior surface; fore and mid femora orange, dark brown anterodorsally; hind femur 5.6 mm long, 0.7 mm wide (holotype), orange, dark brown at apex, with 12 red spiniform macrosetae, long sparse red to black setulose on posteroventral surface; fore, mid and hind tibiae dark brown, paler at base; fore and mid tibiae with few black scattered posteroventral stronger setulae, including at apex; hind tibia 5.1 mm long, 0.4 mm wide (holotype), ventrally with three red apical strong setulae, ventral keel undeveloped, apical spur absent; fore, mid and hind tarsi dark brown; fore, mid and hind tarsomeres 1–4 with strong black apical setulae; hind tarsomeres 1–5 lengths (width), respectively, 1 mm (0.2 mm), 0.4 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.6 mm (holotype); pulvillus pale yellow, well-developed, slightly shorter than tarsomere 5; claw orange-brown, tip black.

Wing ( Fig. 6 C). 11.7 mm long, 3.4 mm high (holotype); alula 0.9 mm long, 0.5 mm high (holotype); tegula and axillary sclerites brown; membrane mostly hyaline, darker at apex of wing and cell sc, deeply brown on proximal half of cell sc; veins brown, proximal half of R light brown; Sc ending in C just before R4+5 fork; R3 short, emerging proximally to fork of R4+5; veins R4 and R5 parallel on distal third; CuA1+M3 present; margin of upper calypter straight, fringe with very fine yellowish white setulae, sparsely distributed on distal half; halter dark brown.

Abdomen ( Figs. 4 A, 5C). Broader in T1–2 than in remaining tergites, T2 tapering posteriorly; T1 dark brown, setulae very short, sparse, recumbent on dorsum, erect laterally, densely yellowish to brown pubescent, apubescent on posterior margin; anterior third of T2 pale yellow, dark brown dorsally on anterior margin and sensory pits, densely pubescent between anterior margin and sensory pits, predominantly pale orange on posterior two-thirds, dark brown on broad lateral margins and on medial trapezoid spot, broad posterior margin pale yellow, bulla black; tergites posterior to T2 predominantly orange; broad posterior margins of T3–5 pale yellow; broad lateral margins of T3–5 black; T6–7 bright orange, narrow lateral margins black; T3–5 with similar colors to posterior third of T2, but trapezoid spot progressively narrower posteriorly; T2–7 with very sparse short brown golden brilliant recumbent setulae, apubescent or very scarcely pubescent; S1 brown; S2–7 pale orange, being progressively brighter posteriorly; posterior margin of S2 yellowish white; S6–7 brown on narrow lateral margin; S2–7 with very short sparse brown, golden brilliant recumbent setulae.

Female ( Figs. 4 B, 5B,D, 6B,D, 8A,B). Total length, excluding antenna, 18.1–21.9 mm, n=2. Abdomen. Broader than male abdomen; tergites and sternites predominantly dark, either reddish brown or black. Female terminalia. T10 with 7 acanthophorite spines on each plate; furca with parallel lateral arms not connected anteriorly or posteriorly.

Distribution ( Fig. 9 ). Brazil: Amazonas, Manaus, Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Florestal (02°36'02.62"S, 60°03'36.83"W); Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke [2º57'S, 59º55' W].

Habitat. This species occurs in the humid Brazilian Amazonia, with specimens found in conservation areas around Manaus city. The specimens from the Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Florestal were collected by Malaise traps installed within scleromorphic scrub vegetation associated with white sand, known as campina (sensu Macedo & Prance 1978), campinarana (sensu Vel oso et al. 1991) or Amazon caatinga (sensu Anderson 1981) (R. Ale-Rocha, pers. com.). A female specimen from the Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, however, was collected in dense ombrophilous forest (sensu Veloso et al. 1991) (A. Somavilla, pers. com.).

Examined type-material. Male holotype. BRAZIL. Amazonas, Manaus, R. Silvicultura [Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Florestal], BR 174 km 43, 02°36'02.62"S, 60°03'36.83"W, 09–24.ix.2009, Malaise, R. Freitas-Silva, Monte, J. F. Vidal cols, INPA. Holotype condition: specimen pinned; right wing folded posteriorly near apex; labels shown in Fig. 4 D.

Paratypes: BRAZIL. Amazonas, Manaus, Estação Experimental de Silvicultura Florestal (02°36'02.62"S, 60°03'36.83"W), 25.viii–09.ix.2009, R. Freitas-Silva, G. Freitas, B. Souza colls, 1 male, MZUSP; 09–24.ix.2009, R. Freitas-Silva, Monte, J.F. Vidal colls, 1 male (AAM-1395), INPA; 25.viii–09.ix.2009, R. Freitas-Silva, G.

Freitas, B. Souza colls, 1 female (AAM-001396), INPA. Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke [2º57'S, 59º55' W], 10–15.viii. 2010, A. Somavilla coll., 1 female (AAM-001428), INPA.

Remarks. The main morphological differences between these species, are: P. mirandai with cell r4 constricted, vein CuA1+M3 absent, female abdomen similar to male, and phallus lacking dorsal projections; P. manauara with cell r4 unconstricted, vein CuA1+M3 present, female abdomen darker than male, and phallus with a pair of dorsal projections. This species resembles the Eumydas species ( Apiophorinae ) in general body color, but P. manauara it is easily distinguished from them by lacking a ventral keel and an apical spur on the hind tibia.

Figures

FIGURE 4. Pseudorhopalia manauara sp. n. A. Male holotype, lateral habitus. B. Female paratype AAM- 001396, lateral habitus. C. Male holotype, head, anterior view. D. Male holotype, labels.

FIGURE 5. Pseudorhopalia manauara sp. n. A. Male holotype, scutum. B. Female paratype AAM- 001396, scutum. C. Male holotype, abdomen, dorsal view. D. Female paratype AAM- 001396, abdomen, dorsal view.

FIGURE 6. Pseudorhopalia manauara sp. n. A. Male holotype, hind leg (photograph flipped). B. Female paratype AAM- 0 0 1396, hind leg. C. Male holotype, wing (photograph flipped). D. Female paratype AAM- 001396, wing.

FIGURE 7. Pseudorhopalia manauara sp. n., Male paratype AAM- 001394, genitalia. A. Epandrium and proctiger. B. gonocoxite-hypandrial complex and attached structures, lateral view. C. gonocoxite-hypandrial complex and attached structures, ventral view. D. gonocoxite-hypandrial complex and attached structures, dorsal view. cer: cercus; eja: ejaculatory apodeme; epa: epandrium; gxa: gonocoxal apodeme; gxd: dorsal prolongation of the gonocoxite-hypandrial complex; pha: phallus; phc: dorsal phallic projections; ppg: posterior process of gonocoxite-hypandrial complex.

FIGURE 8. Pseudorhopalia manauara sp. n., Female paratype AAM- 001428. A. Terminalia, dorsal view. B. Genitalia, ventral view. cer: cercus; duc: spermathecal duct; fur: furca; spr: spermatheca; T 10: tergite 10; val: valvula of spermatheca.

FIGURE 9. Distribution map of Pseudorhopalia Wilcox & Papavero, 1971. Color codes: yellow, Pseudorhopalia manauara sp. n.; red, Pseudorhopalia mirandai d’Andretta & Carrera, 1950. Triangles indicate type-localities.