Oxydromus Grube, 1855

Rizzo, Alexandra E. & Salazar-Vallejo, Sergio I., 2014, Hesionidae Grube, 1850 (Annelida: Polychaeta) from South-Southeastern Brazil, with descriptions of four new species, Zootaxa 3856 (2), pp. 267-291 : 280-281

Oxydromus Grube, 1855

Oxydromus Grube, 1855:98 ; Villalobos-Guerrero & Harris, 2012:23 . Ophiodromus Sars, 1862:87 ; Pleijel, 1998:137 –143.

Type species: Oxydromus fasciatus Grube, 1855 , by monotypy.

Diagnosis (modified from Pleijel 1998; Parapar et al. 2004): Ophiodrominae with uniform brown pigmentation occasionally with transversal whitish stripes; prostomium rounded to rectangular with facial tubercle, a pair of biarticulate palpi, and bearing three antennae, with the median antenna frontally inserted; six pairs of enlarged tentacular cirri; pharynx without papillae or jaws; prolonged neuropodial lobes; notopodia and notochaetae absent from segments 1 to 5; furcated and capillary simple notochaetae; composed neurochaetae.

Remarks. Villalobos-Guerrero & Harris (2012) have reinstated Oxydromus over Ophiodromus because the former was erroneously regarded a junior homonym of Oxydromus Schlegel, 1854 (Aves, Gruiformes , Rallidae ), which was an incorrect subsequent spelling of Ocydromus Wagler, 1830 .

Key to species of Oxydromus Grube, 1855 1 1 Notopodia with> 12 chaetae per bundle................................................................... 2 – Notopodia with 1– 10 chaetae per bundle.................................................................. 6 – Notopodia without notochaetae......................................................................... 24 2(1) Eyes of about the same size............................................................................. 3 – Anterior eyes larger than posterior ones.................................................................... 5 3(2) Neurochaetae bidentate; body pale....................................................................... 4 – Neurochaetae unidentate; body solid brown; prostomium as long as wide..........................................

............................................................ O. didymocerus (Schmarda, 1861) NSW, Australia 4(3) Prostomium as long as wide....................................... O. flexuosus (delle Chiaje, 1827) Gulf of Naples – Prostomium markedly shorter than wide........................................ O. spinosus (Ehlers, 1908) Angola 5(2) Ventral cirri smooth; neurochaetae bidentate; body solid brown........................ O. vittatus ( Sars, 1862) Norway – Ventral cirri multiarticulated; neurochaetae unidentate; body with three transverse bands in alternating segments...........

.................................................................. O. comatus ( Ehlers, 1913) Antarctic Ocean 6(1) Prostomium polygonal, pentagonal or rectangular........................................................... 7 – Prostomium rounded................................................................................. 17 7(6) Prostomium as long as wide............................................................................. 8 – Prostomium wider than long........................................................................... 14 8(7) Eyes of about the same size............................................................................. 9 – Anterior eyes larger than posterior ones................................................................... 11 9(8) Neurochaetae bidentate............................................................................... 10 – Neurochaetae unidentate; body pale................................... O. furcatus ( Hartmann-Schröder, 1959) Peru 10(9) Eyes not fused to each other; body with several transverse white bands............................................

............................................ O.agilis Adriatic Sea ( O. adspersus Grube, 1874 could be conspecific) – Eyes fused; body solid brown.............................................. O. longifundus (Uchida, 2004) Japan 11(8) Neurochaetae bidentate............................................................................... 12 – Neurochaetae unidentate; eyes fused; body pale................................ O. brevipodius (Uchida, 2004) Japan 12(11) Ventral cirri smooth; eyes fused......................................................................... 13 – Ventral cirri articulated; eyes not fused; body pale or greenish............. O. pallidus Claparède, 1864 Mediterranean Sea 13(12) Median neuropodia with ca. 50 neurochaetae per bundle (body 5 mm long); body brown with three transverse white bands...

...................................................................... O. parapallidus (Uchida, 2004) Japan – Median neuropodia with about 25 neurochaetae per bundle (body 7–10 mm long); body pigmentation solid,yellowish to dark

brown........................................................................... O. lanai sp. n. SE Brazil 14(7) Eyes of about the same size, fused to each other; neurochaetae bidentate; body pale..................................

...................................................... O. adorsosetosus (Hartmann-Schröder, 1974) S Australia – Anterior eyes larger than posterior ones................................................................... 15 15(14) Eyes not fused to each other............................................................................ 16 – Eyes fused to each other; neurochaetae bidentate; body pale....................................................

.................. O. angustifrons (Grube, 1878) Philippines ( O. latifrons is conspecific after Storch & Niggemann 1967) 16(15) Neurochaetae bidentate; median antenna half as long as laterals; body pale.........................................

............................................................. O. pugettensis ( Johnson, 1901) Washington, USA – Neurochaetae unidentate; median antenna minute; body pale................. O. notospinosus (Rosito, 1983) Philippines 17(6) Prostomium wider than long, or about as long as wide....................................................... 18 – Prostomium much wider than long; anterior eyes larger than posterior ones; neurochaetae bidentate................... 23 18(17) Eyes of about the same size............................................................................ 19 – Anterior eyes larger than posterior ones................................................................... 20 19(18) Eyes not fused to each other; neurochaetae unidentate............ O. spinapandens (Storch & Niggemann, 1967) Red Sea – Eyes fused to each other; neurochaetae bidentate............................... O. limicolus (Willey, 1905) Sri Lanka 20(18) Eyes not fused to each other............................................................................ 21 – Eyes fused; neurochaetae bidentate; body with transverse white bands.......................................... 22 21(20) Neurochaetae bidentate; antennae, palps and ventral cirri basally swollen..........................................

............................................................ O. angolaensis ( Hartmann-Schröder, 1959) Angola – Neurochaetae unidentate; antennae, palps and cirri tapered..................... O. pelagicus (Rioja, 1923) NE Atlantic 22(20) Tentacular cirri as long as body width............................................ O. fauveli (Uchida, 2004) Japan – Tentacular cirri smaller than body width.......................................... O. okudai (Uchida, 2004) Japan 23(17) Palpophore as long as palpostyle; lateral antennae and palps as long as prostomium; body pale.........................

................................................ O. microantennatus (Hutchings & Murray, 1984) NSW, Australia – Palpophore 1/5 as long as palpostyle; lateral antennae and palps twice as long as prostomium; body with dorsal green markings

........... O. longicirrata (Knox & Cameron, 1971) 2 Victoria, Australia (this seems to be the epitoke of the above species) 24(1) Prostomium polygonal, pentagonal or rectangular.......................................................... 25 – Prostomium rounded, wider than long.................................................................... 29 25(24) Prostomium as long as wide; anterior eyes larger; body solid brown............................................ 26 – Prostomium wider than long........................................................................... 27 26(25) Eyes not fused to each other; neurochaetae bidentate.................... O. obscurus ( Verrill, 1873) Massachusetts USA – Eyes fused; neurochaetae unidentate............................................ O. bunbuku (Uchida, 2004) Japan 27(25) Anterior eyes larger than posterior ones, not fused to each other; neurochaetae unidentate........................... 28 – Eyes of about the same size; neurochaetae bidentate; body pale.................. O. berrisfordi ( Day, 1967) South Africa 28(27) Tentacular cirri longer than body width; body with one transverse white band...... O. fasciatus ( Grube, 1855) Adriatic Sea – Tentacular cirri shorter than body width; body pale................... O. minutus ( Hartmann-Schröder, 1959) El Salvador 29(24) Eyes not fused to each other; median antenna minute; body pale.................................................

........................ O. mutilatus (Treadwell, 1901) Porto Rico (incl. O. guanicus fide Salazar-Vallejo & Rizzo 2009 ) – Eye fused; median antenna ¼ as long as lateral ones; body solid brown.............. O. constrictus (Uchida, 2004) Japan

1) Oxydromus aucklandicus Willey, 1902 and O. viridescens (Ehlers, 1864) are incompletely described and cannot be inserted in key. Gyptis incompta Ehlers, 1913 (not 1912 which is a nomen nudum fide Hartman 1964) is listed under Oxydromus in WoRMS but it belongs in Gyptis . 2) Ophiodromus longocirratus Tenerelli, 1973 is a 2 mm long juvenile, perhaps of a Mediterranean Gyptis species.