Alloeomimella Yasunaga & Duwal, 2019

Yasunaga, Tomohide, Tamada, Yui, Hinami, Haruka, Miyazaki, Ayana, Duwal, Ram Keshari & Nagashima, Tetsuya, 2019, Taxonomic review for the Asian taxa of plant bug tribe Hallodapini, with emphasis on stridulatory mechanism (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae), Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 59 (1), pp. 71-99 : 77-79

Alloeomimella Yasunaga & Duwal gen. nov.

Type species. Alloeomimus muiri Schuh, 1984 , present designation.

Diagnosis. Distinguished from the most closely related genus, Alloeomimus Reuter, 1910 , by the following combination of characters: Body generally slender, constricted at middle of hemelytron, myrmecomorphic ( Figs 9–10 ); female sometimes brachypterous ( Fig. 59 ); dorsum dark gray, generally matte; head bulbous, rounded, with eye removed from pronotal collar ( Figs 9 , 62 ); pronotum trapezoidal, weakly constricted anteriorly ( Fig. 62 ); scutellum weakly swollen, without any projection; metathoracic scent efferent system reduced, small ( Figs 59–60 ); hemelytron with a large, white triangular macula on middle corium across embolium and a wedge-shaped macula at apex of corium across embolium along anterior margin of cuneus ( Fig. 9 ); forewing margin and metafemur equipped with a distinct stridulatory device ( Figs 54 , 63–64 ); endosoma slender, C-shaped, similar in overall appearance to that of Hallodapus (cf. SCHUH 1984, YASUNAGA et al. 2013a); bursa copulatrix and ovipositors rather toughened ( Fig. 210–211 ), with sclerotized rings small, ovoid ( Fig. 210 ). Description. Male. Macropterous; body small, slender, myrmecomorphic ( Figs 9–10 ); dorsum dark gray, matte, with uniformly distributed, short, reclining setae and sparsely distributed, stiff, erect setae ( Fig. 62 ); head bulbous, rounded, less prognathous ( Fig. 56 ); eye removed from pronotal collar but diameter of neck shorter than length of an eye in dorsal view ( Figs 9 , 62 ). Antenna generally slender, slightly longer than body; segment I short, about as long as height of an eye; segment II longer than III; segment IV about 3 times as long as I. Labium long, exceeding apex of metacoxa, reaching abdominal sternum IV. Pronotum matte, trapeziform, weakly constricted anteriorly ( Fig. 62 ); metathoracic scent efferent system reduced, narrower than each coxa ( Fig. 56 ); hemelytron with a large, white triangular macula on middle corium across embolium and a wedge-shaped macula at apex of corium across embolium along anterior margin of cuneus ( Fig. 9 ); embolium with distinct FWS ( Fig. 60 ). Legs long; metafemur equipped with distinct MFP; total length of metafemur+metatibia longer than body; parempodia setiform ( Fig. 58 ). Male genitalia ( Fig. 61 ): Pygophore smooth, narrow, with the apically tapered phallotheca; left paramere with stout sensory lobe; endosoma slender, C-shaped (cf. YASUNAGA et al. 2013a).

Macropterous female. Almost similar to male ( Fig. 10 ). Stridulatory device as in male. Female genitalia ( Figs 210−211 ): Bursa copulatrix relatively narrow, widely spinulate, with small, ovoid sclerotized rings ( Fig. 210 ); ovipositors (gonapophyses) rather short; gonapophysis II sword-like, not expanded subapically ( Fig. 211 ).

Brachypterous female. As in Fig. 59 . Apex of forewing reaching anterior margin of abdominal tergum VI. Stridulatory device present ( Figs 63−64 ).

Etymology. From the hallodapine generic name Alloeomimus combined with a diminutive suffix (-ella); gender feminine.

Distribution. Oriental Region: Indonesia (Java, Lombok), Laos and Thailand ( SCHUH 1984, YASUNAGA 2013a); new record from Lombok Island, or Wallacea, based on two female specimens collected at Dasambaru, Lombok on 5 Mar 2005 by Ishikawa (deposited in TUAK).

Discussion. SCHUH (1984) described Alloeomimus muiri , based on Indochinese and Indonesian specimens. Alloeomimus is an Old World genus, currently composed of six species (including A. muiri ) but five congeners (incl. type species of the genus) are restricted to the western Palearctic and Ethiopian Regions (Mediterranean, Middle East and Africa, cf. SCHUH 2013). Our present examination suggested that the Schuh’s species ( muiri ) can be evidently separated from the members of Alloeomimus in having some different characters mentioned above as well as disjunct distribution in the Oriental Region. We therefore propose a new genus Alloeomimella for it, and a new combination is accordingly established: Alloeomimella muiri ( Schuh, 1984) comb. nov. (see SCHUH 1984 and YASUNAGA et al. 2013a for detailed diagnostic characters of this species).

Alloeomimella muiri was confirmed to be epigeic; several individuals including brachypterous females were found from the ground at tropical grasslands (cf. Fig. 2 ). On the other hand, Alloeomimus unifasciatus (Reuter, 1879) was reported to be associated with Ononis natrix L. ( Fabaceae ) (SCHUH 2013). In addition, a congener from the Middle East, A. kurdus Hoberlandt, 1953 , was reported to occasionally inhabit galls of aphids ( WAGNER 1974), which implies that Alloeomimus members may be associated with aerial parts of plants and may not prefer an epigeic habitat. Color habitus images of the five Alloeomimus species are available on a website (https://www.discoverlife.org/ mp/20q?search= Alloeomimus ).

Based on the developed stridulatory device ( Figs 63−64 ), reduced scent efferent system ( Figs 59−60 ), setiform parempodia, similar male and female genitalic structures and habitat preference, Alloeomimella is assumed to be most closely allied to Hallodapus rather than Alloeomimus .

Figures

Figs 9–18. Habitus images of Asian species of Hallodapini. 9–10 – Alloeomimella muiri (Schuh, 1984) (Nakhon Nayok, Thailand): 9 – ♁; 10 – ♀. 11–12 – Cleotomiroides tobii Yasunaga, 2012 (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): 11 – ♁; 12 – 5th instar nymph. 13 – Cleotomiris miyamotoi Yasunaga, 2012 Yasunaga, 2012 (Okinawa, Japan),♁. 14–15 – Wygomiris paveli sp. nov.,♁ (Pingtung, Taiwan). 16–18 – W. kaliyahae Yasunaga, 2012 (Thailand): 16 – holotype,♁ (Nakhon Ratchasima, AMNH_PBI 00379521); 17 – 5th instar nymph found from broadleaf inflorescence (Chaiyaphum); 18 – 5th instar nymph with teratological antenna, collected by sweep-netting Lauraceae tree leaves (Nakhon Ratchasima).

Figs 56–70. Scanning electron micrographs for Asian hallodapines. 56–64 – Alloeomimella muiri (Schuh, 1984): 56 –♁ from Thailand, left lateral view; 57 –♁ MFP; 58 –♁ pretarsus (hind leg); 59 –♀ from Lombok, Indonesia, right lateral view; 60 –♁ thoracic pleura; 61 – apical part of pygophore, caudal view; 62 – ♁ head and thorax, dorsal view; 63 –♁ FWS, 64 – ♀ MFP. 65–68. Cleotomiris miyamotoi Yasunaga, 2012, paratype ♀ (Okinawa, Japan): 65 – head and thorax, dorsal view; 66 – FWS, 67 – MFP, 68 – pretarsus (hind leg). 69 – Acrorrhinium tritonion Yasunaga, Yamada &Antchawakom, 2013, paratype ♀(Thailand), anterior forewing and basal part of metafemur.70 – Clapmarius thailandana Schuh, 1984, smooth dorsal surface of♀ metafemur.

Figs 40–55. Stridulatory device (MFP, except for FWS on 55) of Asian hallodapines observed by a compound microscope. 40–41 – Hallodapus brunneus (Poppius, 1915); 42–43 – H. centrimaculatus (Poppius, 1909); 44 – H. fasciatus (Poppius, 1909) (Nakhon Nayok, Thailand); 45–46 – H. kyushuensis Miyamoto, 1965; 47 – H. spinosus sp. nov.; 48–50 – H. ravenar (Kirkaldy, 1902); 51 – H. linnavuorii Miyamoto, 1965; 52 – H. jingfui sp. nov.; 53 – H. sibiricus Poppius, 1912 (S. Primorsky, Russia); 54 – Alloeomimella muiri (Schuh, 1984); 55 – Wygomiris paveli sp. nov.

Figs 201–217. Female genitalia and wing structures (216–218) of Asian hallodapines. 201–202 – Hallodapus brunneus (Poppius, 1915) (Yonakuni Island, Japan): 201 – bursa copulatrix with gonapophysis I, ventral view; 202 – gonapophysis II. 203 – H. centrimaculatus (Poppius, 1909) (Nagasaki), bursa copulatrix with gonapophysis I. 204–205 – H. kyushuensis (Miyamoto, 1965) (Okinawa Island): 204 – bursa copulatrix with gonapophysis I; 205 – gonapophysis II. 206–208 – H. linnavuorii (Miyamoto, 1965) (Nagasaki): 206 – bursa copulatrix; 207 – apex of gonapophysis I; 208 – gonapophysis II. 209 – H. ravenar (Kirkaldy, 1902) (Nagasaki), bursa copulatrix with gonapophysis I. 210–211 – Alloeomimella muiri (Schuh, 1984) (Nakhon Nayok, Thailand):210 – bursa copulatrix; 211 – gonapophysis II. 212–213 – Acrorrhinium kranion Yasunaga,Yamada &Artchawakom,2013 (Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand): 212 – gonapophysis I; 213 – gonapophysis II; 214–215 – Cleotomiroides tobii Yasunaga, 2012 (Nakhon Ratchasima): 214 – gonapophysis I; 215 – gonapophysis II. 216 – forewing of Hallodapus kyushuensis (Nagasaki). 217 – dorsal habitus of H. linnavuorii (Nagasaki).

Figs 1–8. Habitats of epigeic hallodapine plant bugs (1–2), sampling method (3–5), and oviposition (6) and eggs of Japanese Hallodapus species (laboratory observation) (7–8). 1 – typical habitat of Hallodapus centrimaculatus (Poppius, 1909), H. kyushuensis Miyamoto, 1965 and H. linnavuorii Miyamoto, 1965 in Nagasaki, Japan; 2 – habitat of Alloeomimella muiri (Schuh, 1984), Hallodapus albofasciatus (Motschulsky, 1863), H. ravenar (Kirkaldy, 1902) and H. spinosus sp. nov. in Nakhon Nayok, Thailand; 3–5 – engine vacuum netting method for sampling ground-inhabiting heteropterans; 6 – brachypterous female of H. centrimaculatus ovipositing into weed (Artemisia sp.) stem near root; 7 – eggs (opercula) of H. centrimaculatus; 8 – egg of H. ravenar (same egg as in Figs 108–109).