Dynastor napoleon, Doubleday, 1849

Penz, Carla Maria, 2009, Phylogeny of Dasyophthalma butterflies (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae, Brassolini), Insecta Mundi 2009 (69), pp. 1-12 : 11-12

Dynastor napoleon

1 M*, Brazil, Santa Catarina, November 1954, 06-08 dissected by C.M.Penz ( MPM) ; 1 M*, Brazil, Santa Catarina, September 1964, 06-09 dissected by C.M.Penz ( MPM) ; 1 m, Brazil, Santa Catarina, 1956 ( MGCL) .

1 F*, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 1920, 07-09 dissected by I.Garzón (MPM); 1 F*, no data, 07-10 dissected by I.Garzón (MGCL).

Appendix 2. Character list.

1. Eye pubescence: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 1H. Character 1 in Penz (2007).

2. Male FW anal margin: strongly bowed, distance between veins Cu2 and 1A+2A conspicuously decreasing toward distal margin (0), mildly bowed, distance between veins Cu2 and 1A+2A nearly homogeneous from medial area to distal margin (1). Fig. 1C, G.

3. Dorsal FW blue iridescence below discal cell: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 1C, E.

4. Edge of dorsal FW yellow scales located inside cell R5: bifid (0), trifid (1).

5. Male dorsal FW postmedial band reaching cell 3A: near tornus (0), near wing base (1). Note: Fig. 1 shows that females have a different pattern than males. See Discussion for details. Fig. 1A, E.

6. Dorsal FW yellow markings across costal margin: absent in males, present in females (0), present in both sexes (1). Fig. 1 A-B, E-F.

7. Ventral FW eyespot in cell R5: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 1C, E.

8. Dorsal HW medial band: well-developed (0), reduced (1). Fig. 1A, E.

9. Male dorsal HW medial band: fully developed up to the costal margin (0), fading toward the costal margin (1). Fig. 1E.

10. Dorsal HW medial band: same color as dorsal FW medial band (0), lighter color than dorsal FW medial band (1). Fig. 1C, E.

11. Dorsal HW hairpencil at base of discal cell: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 1C.

12. Color of the dorsal HW hairpencil at base of discal cell: pale-yellow (0), brown (1). Fig. 1C, G.

13. Dorsal HW androconial patch at the Rs-M1 fork: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 1C.

14. Color of the dorsal HW androconial patch at the Rs-M1 fork: pale-yellow (0), brown (1). Fig. 1C.

15. Ventral HW eyespot in cell M1: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 1A, E.

16. Ventral HW postmedial band: edges well defined (0); edges diffuse, interspersed by ripple-pattern (1). Fig. 1C, E.

17. In ventral view, distal half of valva: gradually decreasing in width as compared to proximal half (0), strongly decreasing in width as compared to proximal half (1). Fig. 3E.

18. In ventral view, distal portion of valva: strongly arched (0), moderately arched (1). Fig. 3G.

19. Anterior ribs of the intersegmental sac between sternite 7 and sterigma: continuous (0), broken (1). Character 62 in Penz (2007). Fig. 3F.

20. Posterior portion of sterigma: extended towards midline nearly enclosing the ostium bursae (0), further away from midline, not enclosing the ostium bursae (1). Fig. 3B.

21. Posterior portion of sterigma, small midline extension: absent (0), present (1). Fig. 3F.

Appendix 3. Character matrix.

1 22

0 01

Dynastor darius 01010? 0?0? 0?0?1?0001 0 Dynastor napoleon 01010? 0??? 0?0?1?0101 0 Dasyophthalma rusina 10100 0&1 0001 1111001011 1 Dasyophthalma geraensis 10100 0 0000 11111010 ??? Dasyophthalma creusa 10011 1 1110 10101?1010 0 Dasyophthalma vertebralis 10011 1 1010 1010111010 0