Lichtwardtia Enderlein, 1912

Grichanov, I. Ya., 2019, NEW SPECIES AND NEW RECORDS OF LICHTWARDTIA ENDERLEIN, 1912 (DIPTERA: DOLICHOPODIDAE) FROM TROPICAL AFRICA, Far Eastern Entomologist 387, pp. 7-32 : 8-13

Genus Lichtwardtia Enderlein, 1912

Lichtwardtia Enderlein, 1912: 406 . Type species: Lichtwardtia formosana Enderlein, 1912 ,

by original designation.

Vaalimyia Curran, 1926: 398 . Type species: Vaalimyia violacea Curran, 1926 [= Dolichopus angularis Macquart, 1842 ], by original designation.

NOTES. See Grichanov (2004) and Yang et al. (2011) for diagnosis of the genus

Lichtwardtia . Males differ from females usually in such male secondary sexual characters

(MSSC) as variously coloured face (partly or mostly metallic, matt black, densely white or yellow pollinose), sometimes modified podomeres or wing costa. Females of close species are practically indistinguishable (Tang et al., 2018).

Key to Afrotropical species (males)

1. At least hind femur and tibia mostly blackish-brown, or all femora blackish-brown dorsally ... ............................................................................................................................................ 2

– Femora and tibiae yellow; rarely hind tibia blackish in distal 1/3 or all tibiae partly blackish ... ............................................................................................................................................ 3

2. Wing distinctly maculated at M 2 and dm-m; postpedicel usually 1.5-2 times longer than high, with drawn-out or acute apex; cercus rounded, as long as high; hypandrium with strong dorsal tooth ( Fig. 1 ); 3.5-4.5 mm ....................................... L. angularis (Macquart)

– Wing almost evenly fumose; postpedicel rounded, as long as high; cercus twice as long as high; hypandrium simple, without dorsal tooth ( Fig. 21 ); 3-4 mm ... L. aethiopica (Bezzi)

3. Postocular setae entirely black ............................................................................................. 4

– Lower postoculars white ....................................................................................................... 6

4. Costa with long and broad thickening in basal half of wing; epandrium about as long as high ( Fig. 11 ); 1.8 mm .................................................................... L. mironovi Grichanov

– Costa simple or with punctiform thickening at R 1; epandrium about 2 times as long as high; larger species ..................................................................................................................... 5

5. Face mostly mat-black, clypeus silvery-white pollinose; all tibiae partly blackish on dorsal side; hypandrium with 3 dorsal teeth ( Fig. 12 ); 4.8 mm .............. L. nigrifacies Grichanov

– Face almost entirely white pollinose, metallic under antennae only; tibiae entirely yellow; hypandrium without dorsal teeth ( Fig. 3 ); 2.8 mm ................... L. angulicornis Grichanov

6. Last two segments of hind tarsus dilated; cercus triangular, longer than epandrium, with long pointed apex ( Fig. 16 ); 2.6-3.4 mm .................................... L. sukharevae Grichanov

– Hind tarsus simple; cercus smaller, usually rounded or oval, at most 1/3 as long as epandrium .................................................................................................................................. 7

7. Face mostly metallic or matt brown-black, more or less strongly white pollinose on clypeus .. ............................................................................................................................................ 8

– Face densely white pollinose, rarely metallic shining under antenna ................................. 11

8. Face mostly matt brown-black (Fig. 61); 3.3 mm ............................... L. oromiaensis sp. n.

– Face mostly metallic ............................................................................................................. 9

9. Wing with wide grey limb along margins, maculated at M 2 and dm-m; distoventral epandrial lobe reduced; hypandrium with dorsal tooth ( Fig. 10 ); 2.6-3.0 mm ........................... ............................................................................................................. L. maculata (Parent)

– Wing evenly greyish, without spots; distoventral epandrial lobe bifurcated; hypandrium without tooth .................................................................................................................... 10

10. Cercus with distodorsal emargination; cercus covered with white hairs ( Figs 22 , 29 ); 2.9 mm ........................................................................................................ L. dianaensis sp. n.

– Cercus without distodorsal emargination, with black setae along distal margin ( Fig. 13 ); 3.0 mm ........................................................................................ L. nigrotorquata (Parent)

11. Hind basitarsus with 1 reduced dorsal seta, at most 1/3 as long as basitarsus; cercus usually elongate-oval, twice longer than wide, with acute apex; or subtriangular, as long as wide ............................................................................................................................. 12

– Hind basitarsus with 1 strong dorsal seta, half as long as basitarsus; cercus usually rounded or subtriangular, at most 1.5 times longer than wide, rarely with distinct apex .............. 15

2 – L. aldabrensis Meuffels & Grootaert ; 3 – L. angulicornis Grichanov ; 4 – L. clypeata Grichanov ; 5, 6 – L. emelyanovi Grichanov ; 7 – L. fractinervis (Parent) ; 8 – L. hilgerae Grichanov ;

9 – L. hollisi Grichanov ; 10 – L. maculata (Parent) . ( Figs 1, 5, 7, 9 , after Grichanov, 1998;

fig. 2, after Meuffels & Grootaert, 2007; figs 3, 4, 8, 10, after Grichanov, 2004).

12. Distal part of M 1+2 (from dm-m to m-m) 1/2 to 2/3 as long as distal part of M 1 (from m-m to costa); 2.3-2.5 mm ........................................................................................................13

– Distal part of M 1+2 1/3 as long as distal part of M 1; 2.6-3.0 mm ........................................ 14

13. Cercus apically broad and subquadrate ( Figs 23 , 30 ); 2.3-2.5 mm ... L. minuscula (Parent)

– Cercus apically narrow and pointed ( Fig. 19 ); 2.4 mm ......................... L. ghanaensis sp. n.

14. Face about 4 times higher than wide; palpus with light hairs; cercus elongate-oval, twice longer than wide, with acute apex ( Figs 5, 6 ); 2.6 mm .............. L. emelyanovi Grichanov

– Face about 6 times higher than wide; palpus with black hairs; cercus rounded-subtriangular, as long as wide ( Figs 25 , 32 ); 3.0 mm ........................................................ L. nikitai sp. n.

15. Fore tibia with one strong and long posterior seta, at least twice longer than diameter of tibia; distoventral epandrial lobe undeveloped, with epandrial setae raising from epandrium ............................................................................................................................... 16

– Fore tibia with one fine posterior seta, not longer or slightly longer than diameter of tibia; distoventral epandrial lobe digitiform, though often concealed, bearing 2 setae ............ 20

16. Wing distinctly maculated at M 2 and dm-m; postpedicel 1.5-2 times longer than high; postgonite broad and rounded at apex; cercus rounded or oval, without distinct apex ( Fig. 1 ); 3.5-4.5 mm .................................................................... L. angularis (Macquart)

– Wing evenly greyish or slightly infumated at M 2 and dm-m; postgonite usually narrow and pointed at apex; cercus usually with distinct distodorsal apex ........................................ 17

17. Postpedicel 1.5 times longer than high; hind tibia yellow; costa with punctiform thickening at apex of R 1; hypandrium with dorsal subapical tooth; ventral lobe of surstylus broad, with long basoventral seta and long thick apical spine directed basad ( Fig. 9 ); 4.2 mm ..... .............................................................................................................. L. hollisi Grichanov

– Postpedicel as long as high; costa simple ........................................................................... 18

18. Hind tibia blackened in distal 1/3; hypandrium with dorsal apical tooth; ventral lobe of surstylus broad, with long basoventral seta and long thick apical spine directed basad ( Fig. 8 ); 4.2 mm ............................................................................... L. hilgerae Grichanov

– Hind tibia yellow, at most blackish at apex ........................................................................ 19

19. Hypandrium without tooth, pointed at apex; ventral lobe of surstylus narrow, with short setae ( Figs 17, 18 ); 3.7 mm ........................................................... L. tikhonovi Grichanov

– Hypandrium with worm-like apical process behind small dorsal tooth ( Fig. 24 ); ventral lobe of surstylus broad; 3.3 mm ...................................................................... L. musolini sp. n.

20. Wing with wide grey limb along margins, maculated at M 2 and dm-m; epistome metallic green under antennae, with broad metallic longitudinal stripe in middle; male postpedicel at least 2 times longer than high; 2.6-3.0 mm .................................... L. maculata (Parent)

– Wing evenly greyish, without spots; face entirely pollinose; postpedicel no more than 1.5 times longer than high ..................................................................................................... 21

21. Costa with long stigma at R 1; face 10 times higher than its minimal width; cercus with several blunt flat setae at apex ( Fig. 4 ); 2.8 mm ............................. L. clypeata Grichanov

– Costa simple or with punctiform thickening at R 1; face usually 3.5-4 times higher than wide; cercus with simple setae .................................................................................................. 22

22. Cercus half as long as epandrium, serrate distally; hypandrium with 2 strong dorsal teeth ( Fig. 2 ); 2.3-2.8 mm ................................................ L. aldabrensis Meuffels et Grootaert

– Cercus at most 1/3 length of epandrium, with even margins .............................................. 23

23. Cercus 1/5 to 1/3 length of epandrium, regularly triangular; hypandrium with 1 dorsal tooth; ventral surstylus leaflike, with strong lateral setae ............................................... 24

– Cercus 1/10 length of epandrium ........................................................................................ 25

nov; 12 – L. nigrifacies Grichanov ; 13 – L. nigrotorquata (Parent) ; 14, 15 – L. nikolaevae

Grichanov; 16 – L. sukharevae Grichanov ; 17, 18 – L. tikhonovi Grichanov ; 19 – L. ghanaensis

sp. n.; 20 – L. sp. A ( Figs 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20 , after Grichanov, 1998; fig. 12, after Grichanov, 2004).

24. Hypandrium with rounded apex; epandrium strongly projected apicoventrally ( Fig. 20 ) ... ................................................................................................................................. L. sp. A

– Hypandrium with pointed apex; epandrium without apicoventral projection ( Fig. 7 ); 2.7-3.2 mm .................................................................................................. L. fractinervis (Parent)

25. M 4 1.4-1.6 times longer than dm-m; antenna orange-yellow with postpedicel blackish distally; postpedicel as long as high, not pointed at apex; cercus as long as high; postgonite spoon-like ( Figs 14-15 ); 2.6 mm ........................................... L. nikolaevae Grichanov

– M 4 as long as dm-m; antenna entirely yellow, slightly darker at apex; postpedicel distinctly longer than high, with pointed apex; cercus higher than long (after Parent, 1939); 2.75 mm .................................................................................................... L. microlepis (Parent)

Descriptions and new records

Figures

Figs 1–10. Lichtwardtia spp., hypopygium, left lateral view. 1 – L. angularis (Macquart);

Figs 21–27. Lichtwardtia spp., hypopygium after maceration, left (21–26) and right (27)

Figs 11–20. Lichtwardtia spp., hypopygium, left lateral view. 11 – L. mironovi Gricha-

Figs 28–33. Lichtwardtia spp., male cercus after maceration, outer view. 28 – L. aethiopica