Gryne leprosa, SORENSEN, 1932

Medrano, Miguel, Kury, Adriano Brilhante & Mendes, Amanda Cruz, 2022, Morphology-based cladistics splinters the century-old dichotomy of the pied harvestmen (Arachnida: Gonyleptoidea: Cosmetidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195, pp. 585-672 : 653-656

GRYNE LEPROSA SØRENSEN, 1932

( FIGS 2B , 48 , 52 , 53 )

Gryne leprosa Sørensen in Henriksen, 1932: 319. Gryne perlata Mello-Leitão, 1936: 19 , fig. 15, syn. nov. Gryne vermiculata Mello-Leitão, 1944: 16 , syn. nov.

Type data: Holotype: Brazil. Pará: Cametá, at Tocantins river [–2.29994°, –49.51188°], 1 ♀ ( ZMUC, E x a m in e d by p h o t o g r a p h). S y n type s: B r a z i l. Pernambuco: four ind. [ MNRJ 41773, syntypes of G. perlata , mistakenly cited in the original description as ‘ Paraíba do Norte’ (B. Soares, 1945)]. Minas Gerais: Pirapora, two ind. ( MNRJ 5022, syntypes of G. vermiculata , lost).

Non-type material examined: Brazil. Alagoas: Murici, Estação Ecológica de Murici – Fazenda Triunfo, [–9.63609°, –35.73625°], C Sampaio, APL Giupponi & A Chagas leg., 11–18.xii.2009, 6 ♂ 4 ♀ ( MNRJ 7066). Bahia: Porto Seguro, Parque Nacional do Pau Brasil, [–16.37599°, –39.14429°], A Chagas-Jr, AB Kury, D Pedroso, APL Giupponi & V Dill leg., 14–17.vi.2009, 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 19161); Jequié, Brejo Novo, [–13.95118°, –40.00546°], 06–07.vi.2009, 1 ♂ 3 ♀ ( MNRJ 19165); Porto Seguro, Porto Seguro: Arraial d’Ajuda, Fazenda do Sr. Valter [–16.54178°, –39.14978°), Expedição Arachné leg., 24–27.ii.2005, 6 ♂ 20 ♀ ( MNRJ 17727); Alagoinhas, Alagoinhas, campus da UNEB, [–12.17781°, –38.41338°], P Lopes, R Duarte leg., 1998, 18 ♂ 18 ♀ 1 imm. ( MNRJ 05748); Maracás, [–14.84151°, –39.03436°], A Chagas-Jr, AB Kury, D Pedroso, A Giupponi & V Dill leg., 03-05.vi.2009, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 19163); Itapebi, UTM 446430–8215283, [–16.08312°, –39.50447°], T Bernabé leg., 14.vi.2008, 3 ♂ 5 ♀ ( MNRJ 07117); Itapebi, Fazenda João Alberto, [–16.01514°, –39.50306°), T Bernabé, leg., 5.v.2008, 12 ♂ 24 ♀ ( MNRJ 02297); Una, Mata do lixão, [–15.20907°, –39.19597°], A Chagas-Jr, AB Kury, D Pedroso, A Giupponi & V Dill leg., 08.vi.2009, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 19162); Jequié, Brejo Novo, [–13.95118°, –40.00546°], 06-07.vi.2009, 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 07140); Salvador, Salvador, Rio Vermelho, [–13.00955°, –38.49382°], J Becker leg., VI.1955, 1 ♂ 6 ♀ ( MNRJ 4322); Ilhéus, [–14.79277°, –39.0443°], D Pedroso leg., 02.iii.2012, 2 ♂ 4 ♀ 4 imm. ( MNRJ 07543); Una, REBIO de Una, [–15.19541°, –39.02987°], A Chagas-Jr, AB Kury, D Pedroso, A Giupponi & V Dill leg., 08-10.vi.2009, 3 ♂ 4 ♀ 2 imm. ( MNRJ 19177); São Gonçalo dos Campos [–12.43497°, –38.95121°], J Becker leg., 23.VII.1955, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 4472); Itapebi [–15.89038°, –39.53114°], 21.ix-13.x.2014, 3 ♂ 8 ♀ ( MZUSP 71705); Feira de Santana, Campus UEFS, [–12.20126°, –38.97212°], 18.xi.1977, 3 ♂ 4 ♀ 1 imm. ( MNRJ 04424); Maracás, Próximo a sede da Ferbasa, [–13.47108°, –40.43797°), AS Medeiros leg., 11.iii.2012, 2 ♂ 1 ♀ (CHNUFPI 2163); Itapebi [–15.89038°, –39.53114°], 22.ix -13.x.2014, 3 ♂ 9 ♀ ( MZUSP 71705); Una, Estação experimental Lemos Maia ( CEPLAC), [–15.27292°, –39.09219°), GHF Azevedo & AJ Santos leg., 12.xii.2010, 1 ♂ ( UFMG 11290); Lajedo do Tabocal [–13.47432°, –40.22447°], A Chagas-Jr, AB Kury, D Pedroso, APL Giupponi & V Dill leg., 05.vi.2009, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ ( MNRJ 19164); Senhor do Bonfim, Serra Santana , [–10.02323°, –40.1159°, 520 m], JA Rafael & FF Xavier leg., 15.v.2007, 3 ♂ 4 ♀ ( INPA-OP 1241); Camaçari, Arembepe, [–12.76435°, –38.19478°, 5 m], TJ Porto leg., 23.v.2008, 1 ♂ 1 imm. (UFBA-Opi 18). Paraíba: Gurinhém, [–7.12387°, –35.42567°], AB Kury & APL Giupponi leg., 15.iii.1999, 3 ♂ 4 ♀ ( MNRJ 05789); João Pessoa: [–7.12514°, –34.849°], PFL Duarte leg., 29.I.1977, 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 17593); São João de Cariri [–7.45358°, –36.49306°], SC Dias leg., III.2004, 2 ♀ ( IBUSP 7526); Areia, Parque Estadual Mata do Pau Ferro, [–6.9639°, –35.74964°), FS Silva & AS Medeiros leg., 29.ix.2011, 1 ♂ (CHNUFPI 2161). Ceará: Fortaleza, Parque do Cocó, [–3.74527°, –38.48597°], AB Kury leg., i.2002, 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 09182); Fortaleza, Parque do Cocó, [–3.75944°, –38.49798°], L Souza leg., viii.2013, 3 ♂ ( MNRJ 04299); Fortaleza, Parque Ecológico do Cocó, folhiço, [–3.75944°, –38.49798°], A, I & M Kury leg., 29.vi.2002, 1 ♂ 2 ♀ ( MNRJ 07021). Espírito Santo: Conceição da Barra, Conceição da Barra – FLONA do Rio Preto. Trilha do Mata-Pau. Elev. 60 m. Noturna livre, [–18.39337°, –39.84782°, 52 m], A Giupponi, A Kury, T Bernabé, M Milleri, R Rodrigues & T Souza leg., 20.x.2005, 1 ♂ ( MNRJ 16311); Pedro Canário, Ponto 04b, Faz. Guanabara, Eudis Bahia, [–18.16705°, –40.0585°], Bernabé, Giupponi, Kury & Souza leg., 19.vii.2015, 13 ♂ 15 ♀ 3 imm. ( MNRJ 09073); Vermelho, Barranco, [–18.4999°, –40.5558°], Bernabé, Giupponi & Kury leg., 18.vii.2015, 2 ♀ 2 imm. ( MNRJ 3446); Serra , Distrito do Fundão, [–20.0275°, –40.15833°), RB Oliveira Filho leg., 11.viii.2014, 1 ♂ ( UFMG 16645). Pernambuco: Moreno, Bonança [Tapera], [–8.1094°, –35.11298°, 148 m], RLC Baptista leg., 20. II.1989, 6 ♂ 12 ♀ ( MNRJ 06433); Serra Talhada, Fazenda Saco, Mata da Pimenteira , [–7.88333°, –38.3°), MC Carvalho leg., 5.ix.2007, 2 ♂ ( UFMG 14187). Rio Grande do Norte: Natal, Campus da UFRN, [–5.77661°, –35.19676°], W Pessoa leg., iii.2014, 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 02644); Natal, Natal, [–5.77927°, –35.2009°], M Alvarenga leg., 1951, 5 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 04319); Ceará-Mirim, Loteamento São João, proximidades do rio Mamanguape, [–5.49289°, –35.28519°, 18 m), LS Carvalho leg., 4.vi.2015, 1 ♂ 4 ♀ 1 imm. (CHNUFPI 2172). Minas Gerais: Manga: Mocambinho, [–15.09156°, –44.02626°], M Cox leg., 22.VIII.1992, 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 4834); Manga, Mocambinho, Lagoa do Cajueiro, H Silva & A Costa leg., 25. VI.1992, 2 ♂ 5 ♀ 4 imm. ( MNRJ 4306); Manga, Fabião, Rio Peruaçu, [–15.02441°, –44.68912°], A Costa leg., 24. VI.1992, 8 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MNRJ 4307); Itacarambi, Itacarambi, Distrito de Fabião II, [–15.17194°, –44.18028°), GFBP Ferreira et al. leg., 22.x.2010, 3 ♂ 1 ♀ ( UFMG 9362).

Diagnosis: Differs from G. marginalis , G. dimorpha and G. orensis by having DS entirely coloured with a reticulate pattern that penetrates the areas of scutum and great part of carapace ( Fig. 52D ).

Distribution: It is distributed in the Brazilian States: Pará, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas, Bahia, Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais. Ecoregions: Xingú-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forest, Caatinga, Atlantic Coast restingas, Pernambuco Coastal forest, Pernambuco interior forest, Bahia interior forest, Bahia coastal forest and Atlantic dry forest. The species was also found in Floriano and Teresina cities of Piauí State (Leonardo Carvalho (CHNUFPI), pers. comm.), although these records are not included on the map ( Fig. 48 ).

Description of male MNRJ 41773 (with extra figures from other specimens): Measurements: CL: 1.45, CW: 2.20, AL: 3.17, AW: 3.98, IOD: 0.70, FeIV: 9.28.

Dorsum ( Fig. 52 ). DS beta-type with attenuate constrictions and provided with notable scattered granules. Area I with low tubercles and area III with long spines. Dorsal scutum, in lateral view, rising steadily from posterior and anterior borders to area III where it is the highest height. Scutal grooves effaced. Anterior edge of dorsal scutum with protoglyphs slightly concave with lateral triangular borders. Ocularium low, with a few granules near the eyes. Posterior border and free tergites each containing a transverse row of minute granules, anal operculum with scattered granules. Coda reduced.

Venter ( Fig. 52B ). Coxae I– III triangular, transverse to main body axis. Coxae II – IV connected by tubercular bridges. Coxae I– II with a longitudinal row of granules. Coxa IV pentagonal, greatly developed, oriented obliquely, but almost parallel to the body axis. Stigmatic area T-shaped with stigmata large, unconcealed. Free sternites each with a row of granules.

Chelicerae ( Fig. 53E, F ). Hand not swollen. Basichelicerite short, with well-marked bulla and uniformly tuberculated dorsally. Posterior and ectal margins of bulla are fringed with several tubercles, posterior ones are the largest. Movable finger of cheliceral hand with ten truncate tubercles. Fixed finger with five triangular tubercles.

Pedipalps ( Fig. 53G, H ). Elongate trochanter, foliaceus femur; convex dorsally, with a dorsal row of five fused setiferous tubercles forming a keel and a ventral row of 14 setiferous tubercles. Tibia only slightly convex in ectal border, with one lateral row of setae in each side, distalmost setae of each side larger than others. Tarsus conical, with scattered dorsal setae and three well-marked ventral rows of subequal setae, prolatero-ventral row with two larger setae, one apical and one one median region.

Legs ( Fig. 52 ). Long and unarmed legs, femora straight. Coxa IV convex in dorsal view with few apical granules, no clavi inguines. Pectinate claws in legs II and IV in two rows. Tarsal counts: 8, 17, 10, 11 (Sørensen in Henriksen, 1932).

Colour (in alcohol, Fig. 52 ). Dorsal scutum and coxae brilliant orange-yellow (67). Reticulate pattern in almost the entire DS (excepting anterior region to ocularium) pale greenish-yellow (104) more marked as laterals of chevron near the carapace. Appendages podomeres (except coxae) brilliant greenish-yellow (98).

Penis ( Fig. 53A–D ). Ventral plate short trapezoidal, wider at the base, with straight distal margin. Sub-distal lateral margin of VP with three pairs of MS-C, large, curve and flattened. Two pairs of MS-D located in apical half of VP, MS-D1 twice longer than MS-D2 and closer to MS-C2, both MS-D straight and conical. Two pairs of MS-A in the basal region in VP, straight, conical and as long as MS-D1 . Two pairs of MS-E in apical portion of latero-ventral surface and one pair of MS-B in the basal portion of ventral surface of VP. Ventral surface with two lateral thick stripes composed with microsetae type 4 ( T4 ) surrounding MS-B and MS-E, gently advancing into the truncus. Glans with rounded dorsal process, stylus with a wattle extending to the base, with an extended serrate part and without stylar barbs .

Variation. Reticulate pattern varies from a well-filled form to a reduced form in mesotergum and carapace, but always is well marked as ears of chevron. It is possible to differentiate two types of males: (1) major forms, with long tibiae and short metatarsi and (2) minor forms, with shorter tibiae and longer metatarsi, more similar to females. This is depicted in Fig. 50D–H for G. dimorpha . Tarsal counts: 6–8, 12–17, 8–10, 8–11. (Sørensen in Henriksen, 1932, Mello-Leitão, 1936 and Mello-Leitão, 1944).

Figures

Figure 2. Habitus in vivo of some Discosomaticinae from Brazil. A, Roquettea singularis from Pará. B, Gryne leprosa from Pará. C, Gryne marginalis from Pará. D, Gryne dimorpha from Goiás. E–G, Gryne orensis from Mato Grosso do Sul. Photographs of Arthur Anker & Pedro H. Martins (A, C–D), Bruno Garcia (B) and Adriano Kury (E–G).

Figure 48. Map of known distribution of Gryne. Numbers correspond to the following WWF ecoregions: 1 = Uatumã- Trombetas moist forest, 2 = Madeira-Tapajós moist forest, 3 = Xingú-Tocantins-Araguaia moist forest, 4 = Marajó várzea, 5 = Tocantins/Pindaré moist forest, 6 = Mato grosso seasonal forest, 7 = Caatinga, 8 = Pernambuco Coastal forest, 9 = Cerrado, 10 = Bahia interior forest, 11 = Bahia coastal forest, 12 = Alto Paraná Atlantic forest, 13 = Pantanal, 14 = Dry Chaco, 15 = Humid chaco, 16 = Parana flooded savanna, 17 = Humid pampas.

Figure 50. Gryne dimorpha. A–C, male (MNRJ 2144): A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, panoramic dorsal view. D, two adult males of different sizes and colours; from left to right: minor form (MNRJ 17591) and major form (MNRJ 2144). E, male, major form (MNRJ 2144), leg IV, tibia, metatarsus and tarsomeres. F, same, detail of tibia, triquetrous metatarsus and tarsomeres. G, male, minor form (MNRJ 17591), leg IV, tibia and tarsomeres. H, same, detail of tibia and tarsomeres. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 52. Gryne leprosa. A–C, female holotype (ZMUC): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view. D–G, male lectotype of G. perlata (MNRJ 41773): D, dorsal view; E, dorsal panoramic view; F, lateral view; G, frontal view. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 53. SEM images of some structures of Gryne leprosa, male. A–D, penis (MNRJ 19162): A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view; D, detail of MS-C and stylus, oblique view. E–H, male (MNRJ 4424): E, left cheliceral hand, dorsal view; F, left basichelicerite, dorsal view; G, left pedipalpus, femur, mesal view; H, same, tibia and tarsus, ventral view. Scale bars: 50 μm (A–C), 10 μm (D), 200 μm (E, G, H), 100 μm (F).