Protus insolens Simon, 1879: 193

Medrano, Miguel, Kury, Adriano Brilhante & Mendes, Amanda Cruz, 2022, Morphology-based cladistics splinters the century-old dichotomy of the pied harvestmen (Arachnida: Gonyleptoidea: Cosmetidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 195, pp. 585-672 : 630-633

Protus insolens Simon, 1879: 193 .

Type data: Holotype: Brazil. [Amazonas]: Tefé , upper Amazonas [–3.40357°, –64.76333°], 1 ♂ 3 ♀ ( MNHN ES 3021 , examined) . Paratypes: Same data as holotype 1 ind. ( ZMUC, not examined) .

Non-type material: Brazil. Amazonas: Coari, Base de Operações Geólogo Pedro de Moura , Porto Urucu [–4.87528°, –65.17417°], 1 ♂ ( MPEG 858 ) ; [–4.86056°, –65.33444°], SC Dias leg., 29.x.2006, 1 ♂ ( MPEG 855 ) ; [–-4.85306°, –65.13472°], 12.ix.2006, 1 ♀ ( MPEG 856 ) ; [–4.86833°, –65.26444°], 26.vii.2006, 1 ♀ ( MPEG 857 ) ; [–4.86861°, –65.25639°], SO Dias leg., 19.vii.2003, 1 imm. ( MPEG 859 ) ; [–4.80639°, –65.03472°], SC Dias leg., 09.vii.2006, 1 ♂ ( MPEG 860 ) ; [–4.84222°, –65.06889°], DF Candiani leg., 5.ix.2006, 1 ♂ ( MPEG 861 ) ; [–4.89167°, –65.33528°], NF Lo Man Hung leg., 1.xi.2006, 2 ♂ ( MPEG 862 ) ; [–4.85722°, –65.10167°], 9.ix.2006, 1 ♂ ( MPEG 863 ) ; [–4.89167°, –65.33528°], 1.xi.2006, 1 ♂ ( MPEG 864 ) ; [–4.83361°, –65.06472°], SC Dias leg., 03.ix.2006, 1 ♂ ( MPEG 865 ) ; [–4.88528°, –65.26472°], AB Bonaldo leg., 21.vii.2003, 1 ♀ ( MPEG 866 ) ; [–4.84222°, –65.06889°], SC Dias leg., 05.ix.2006, 1 ♂ ( MPEG 867 ) ; [–4.86861°, –65.26472°], AB Bonaldo leg., 15.vii.2003, 2 ♂ ( MPEG 870 ) ; 19.vii.2003, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MPEG 871 ) ; [–4.84222°, –65.06889°], CAC Santos Jr leg., 05.ix.2006, 1 ♀ ( MPEG 872 ) ; [–4.90444°, –65.32694°], SC Dias leg., 21.ix.2006, 1 ♀ ( MPEG 873 ) ; [–4.86861°, –65.26472°], AB Bonaldo leg., 18.vii.2003, 1 ♂ 1 ♀ ( MPEG 874 ) ; [–4.87361°, –65.15139°], SC Dias leg., 14.x.2006, 1 ♀ ( MPEG 875 ) ; [–4.88722°, –65.22694°], 22.ix.2006, 2 ♂ ( MPEG 876 ) ; [–4.87944°, –65.16389°], 12.ix.2006, 1 ♀ ( MPEG 877 ) ; [–4.86972°, –65.13472°], 1 ♂ ( MPEG 878 ) ; [–4.81139°, –65.03361°], LT Miglio leg., vii.2006, 1 ♂ ( MPEG 879 ) ; [–4.90444°, –65.32694°], CAC Santos Jr leg., 21.ix.2006, 1 ♀ ( MPEG 880 ) ; [–4.86833°, –65.26444°], SC Dias leg., vii.2006, 1 ♀ ( MPEG 881 ) ; [–4.88722°, –65.22694°], CAC Santos Jr leg., 22.ix.2006, 1 ♀ ( MPEG 882 ) ; [–4.87361°, –65.15139°], NC Bastos leg., 1.x.2006, 1 ♂ ( MPEG 883 ) ; [–4.90417°, –65.20583°], LT Miglio leg., vii.2006, 1 ♀ ( MPEG 884 ) .

Records: Amazonas (H. Soares, 1970), probably Upper Amazonas.

Diagnosis: It differs from other Protus by the combination of the following characteristics: (1) coxa IV uniformly reddish without any yellow spots ( Fig. 35F ), (2) DS only with paired dots in areas I and III and minor dots in laterals of areas I– IV of mesotergum, borders the same colour of the rest of DS ( Fig. 35A ), (3) stylus with an extended wattle going to the base ( Figs 35G , 36A–C ).

Distribution: Upper Amazonas in Juruá-Purus moist forest ecoregion ( Fig. 30 ).

Description of holotype (with extra figures from other specimens): Measurements: CL: 1.62, CW: 2.55, AL: 3.47, AW: 4.44, IOD: 0.66, FeIV: 11.28.

Dorsum ( Fig. 35A–F ). DS beta-type and lenticular in lateral view, without remarkable ornamentation, only low, coloured tubercles in areas I and III. Anterior edge of dorsal scutum with protoglyphs slightly concave with lateral rounded borders. Ocularium low and with a few granules near the eyes. Mesotergum convex, higher at level of area II, scutal areas I and III armed with a pair of rounded tubercles, other areas unarmed. Posterior border and free tergites each containing a transverse row of minute granules, anal operculum with scattered granules.

Venter ( Fig. 35C ). Coxae I– III triangular, transverse to the main body axis, with a longitudinal row of granules, more remarkable in coxa I. Coxae II – IV connected by tubercular bridges. Coxa IV pentagonal, greatly developed, oriented obliquely, but almost parallel to the body axis. Stigmatic area T-shaped with stigmata large, unconcealed. Free sternites each with a row of granules.

Chelicerae ( Fig. 36D, E ). Hand not swollen. Basichelicerite short, with well-marked bulla and uniformly tuberculated dorsally. Meso-distal corner of bulla with one setiferous tubercle larger than dorsal ones. Posterior and ectal margins of bulla fringed with many tubercles. Movable finger of cheliceral hand with ten trapezoidal tubercles. Fixed finger with six triangular tubercles of different sizes.

Pedipalps ( Fig. 36F, G ). Elongate trochanter, foliaceus femur; this is convex dorsally, with a dorsal row of seven setiferous tubercles and a ventral row of 14 setiferous tubercles. Tibia only slightly convex in ectal border, with a ventro-marginal row of small setae, mesal region three equally spaced large setae. Tarsus conical, with scattered dorsal setae and three well-marked ventral rows of subequal setae.

Legs ( Fig. 35A–F ). Long and unarmed legs, femora straight. Coxa IV convex in dorsal view with few apical granules, no clavi inguines (also known as groin warts). Bipectinate claws in legs II and IV, inner row with larger spines. Tarsal counts: 7(3), 16(3), 10, 11.

Colour (in alcohol, Fig. 35A–F ). Dorsal scutum, venter and free tergites vivid orange (48), with paramedian rounded pale yellow (89) spots in areas I, III and IV. Appendages brilliant greenish-yellow (98).

Penis ( Figs 35G, H , 36A–C ). Ventral plate rectangular elongate, with apical corners rounded, distal margin convex. Sub-distal lateral margin of VP with two pairs of MS-C, large, slender and conical, flattened at the tip. Two pairs of MS-D located in apical half of VP, MS-D1 twice longer than MS-D2 and closer to MS-C2, both MS-D straight and conical. One pair of MS-A basally in VP, straight, conical and as long as MS-C. Two pairs of MS-E in apical portion of lateroventral surface and one pair of MS-B in the basal portion of ventral surface of VP. Ventral surface glabrous apically, two wide basal regions with microsetae type 1 ( T1 ) near MS-B and invading truncus. Glans with dorsal process thin and acuminate, stylus with a large wattle with an extended serrate part and without stylar barbs .

PROTUS MARLLUSI MEDRANO, KURY & MENDES

Figures

Figure 30. Map of known distribution of Protus. Numbers correspond to the following WWF ecoregions: 1 = Ucayali moist forest, 2 = Iquitos varzea, 3 = Southwest Amazon moist forest, 4 = Solimões-Japurá moist forest, 5 = Juruá-Purus moist forest, 6 = Madeira-Tapajos moist forest, 7 = Japurá-Solimões-Negro moist forest, 8 = Uatuma-Trombetas moist forest, 9 = Mato Grosso seasonal forest.

Figure 35. Protus insolens, male holotype (MNHN ES 03021). A, dorsal view. B, panoramic dorsal view. C, ventral view. D, frontal view. E, posterior view. F, lateral view. G, penis, dorsal view. H, same, lateral view. Scale bars: 1 mm. Abbreviation: MS = macrosetae.

Figure 36. SEM images of some structures of Protus insolens, male (MPEG 867). A–C, lenis: A, dorsal view; B, lateral view; C, ventral view. D. Left basichelicerite, dorsal view. E, left cheliceral hand, dorsal view. F, left pedipalpal tarsus, ventral view. G, left pedipalpus, mesal view. H, left claw IV, ventral view. I, left claw III, ventro-lateral view. Scale bars: 100 μm (A–C, F, H, I), 200 μm (D, E), 500 μm (G).