Perinetella Synave, 1956

Świerczewski, Dariusz & Stroiński, Adam, 2015, Revision of the endemic genus Perinetella (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Flatidae) from Madagascar, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 55 (2), pp. 539-558 : 541-543

Perinetella Synave, 1956

Type species. Perinetella nigroflava Synave, 1956 , designated by monotypy.

Diagnosis. Perinetella is similar to the genus Flatopsis Melichar, 1902 (both are currently classified in the tribe Lawanini ) in the following characters: frons tricarinate with lateral carinae in form of horseshoe, pronotum with postocular eminences conical, mesonotum with three parallel carinae, ScP+RA and RP tegmen veins leaving basal cell at one point. Perinetella differs from Flatopsis in the following characters: head truncate (conical in Flatopsis ), apical margin arcuate (straight in Flatopsis ). A key separating Perinetella and Flatopsis from other Madagascar Flatinae genera was provided by SYNAVE (1956).

Redescription. Head with compound eyes, in dorsal view, narrower than thorax ( Figs 2, 3 , 5 , 65 ). Vertex wider than long at midline, partly covered by pronotum medially ( Figs 3 , 10 , 65 ). Anterior margin straight, with sharp carina; posterior margin slightly arcuate; lateral margins subparallel and carinate. Disc of vertex without median carina, with two setae near midline and secretory structures (wax pores) ( Fig. 8 ). Frons ( Figs 4 , 11, 12 , 66 ) just longer than wide, widest below level of antennae, with abundant secretory structures ( Figs 15, 16 ); median carina keel-shaped, reaching or slightly exceeding midlength of frons; lateral carinae obsolete, in form of horseshoe. Disc of frons depressed. Clypeus narrower than frons, convex, without median carina ( Figs 11 , 66 ). Rostrum with apical segment distinctly shorter than subapical, apex reaching hind coxae. Compound eyes oval, with small callus at posterior margin; lateral ocelli present near ventral margin of compound eye ( Figs 13, 14 ). Antennal pedicel short, widening distad, with setae and plate organs restricted to concavity at the top and partly on upper surface ( Figs 17–22 ). Sensilla placodea of the clover leaf-like type.

Thorax. Pronotum distinctly longer than vertex at midline ( Figs 3 , 5, 10 , 65 ), with abundant secretory structures; anterior margin strongly arcuate with shallow median incision, posterior margin concave; disc of pronotum without carinae, with two lateral concavities; postocular eminences conical ( Figs 5–7 , 13 , 65 ). Mesonotum deltoid, about as long as wide, much longer than cumulative length of vertex and pronotum ( Figs 2, 3 , 5, 6 , 65 ); with three carinae separated at base, median carina anteriorly obsolete, not reaching scutellum; lateral carinae almost straight, subparallel, reaching posterior margin; scutellum triangular, large and elevated ( Figs 3 , 6 , 25 , 65 ).

Tegmen ( Figs 1 , 23–27 , 64 ) membranous, elongated and weakly convex, with distinct venation and small bulla located basally between ScRA and RP, with subapical line; apical cells distinctly longer than wide; subapical line of transverse veinlets present in some species; transverse veinlets forming dense irregular net on the whole tegmen. Costal and apical margins weakly arcuate, postclaval sutural margin straight; costal angle rounded, sutural angle rounded or acute and slightly produced. Costal area about the same width as its length, with transverse veinlets, terminating at about the level of end of clavus. Postcostal cell tapering apicad, basally about the same width as costal area, with irregular net of veinlets. ScP+RA and RP veins leaving basal cell at a single point; basal part of ScP+RA elevated, forming small bulla; ScP+RA ending with 4 terminals before costal angle, RP forked after the first fork of MP; CuA fork after MP fork; MP 3+4 and CuA wave-shaped, CuA terminals ending at postclaval margin. Claval veins Pcu and A1 fused almost anterior to clavus apex; Pcu and A1 veins elevated; transverse veinlets absent. Tubercles concentrated between basal part of ScP+RA and MP veins and on clavus. Almost all veins, except for the basal part, with abundant secretory structures ( Fig. 28 ).

Legs. Femora shorter than tibiae. Hind tibiae weakly arcuate and partly flattened laterally with 2 lateral spines placed in posterior half, apically with row of 7 well-developed teeth. Hind basitarsomere as long as cumulative length of 2 nd and 3 rd tarsomeres, with row of 8 apical spines and thick setae; second tarsomere with 2 lateral spines and median pad with thick setae. Metafemorotibiotarsal formula 2–7/8/2.

Male terminalia ( Figs 29–40 , 55–63 ). Anal tube, in lateral view ( Figs 31, 32 , 35, 55, 58 ), elongated and curved; anus placed approximately at midlength; anal tube, in dorsal view ( Figs 29, 30 , 36, 59 ), elongated with apical median incision, basal part narrower than apical part. Pygofer, in lateral view ( Figs 31, 32 , 35, 55, 58 ), taller than wide; dorsal part distinctly narrower than ventral part, posterior margin arcuate. Posterior-dorsal angle without process. Genital styles ( Figs 32, 33 , 35, 55, 58 ) longer than wide, bearing distinct dorsocaudal, long and sharp capitulum. Phallic complex: Periandrium ( Figs 37, 38, 56, 57, 60, 61 ) elongate, narrow, about the same width and weakly upcurved; apically divided by lateral split into dorsal and ventral part; lateral split not reaching the midlength of periandrium; dorsal part longer than ventral part, tapering distally, with lobe on the ventral margin, apically with well sclerotized 2-armed processes; ventral part trilobate, lateral lobes smaller and rounded, median lobe distinctly longer and tapering apically. Aedeagus s. str. ( Figs 33, 34 , 39, 40, 62, 63 ) with lateral, well-sclerotized, bulb-like appendages and deep median split, surpassing midlength; ventral margin with distinct spiniferous microsculpture.

Female terminalia ( Figs 41–54 ). Pregenital sternite massive, lateral lobes weakly separated ( Figs 45 , 47 ). Anal tube, in lateral view ( Figs 43, 44 ), elongate oval, surpassing end of gonoplac; anus placed dorsally about midlength; anal tube, in dorsal view ( Figs 41, 42 ), pear-shaped, apically with deep and narrow, distal median incision. Gonoplac unilobate, rectangular, laterally flattened ( Figs 43–46 , 48, 49 ); lower part with weakly sclerotised area; membranous lobe small, semicircular, placed near posterior-ventral angle; posterior margin with long setae, two rows of well-developed teeth in upper part, one row in lower part ( Figs 45–46 ). Gonapophysis VIII laterally flattened, tapering apically, with sharp irregularly denticulated apex ( Fig. 50 ); basal part of external side with dense chaetae, lower part alongside ventral margin with microsculptures in form of scales. Endogonocoxal process slightly shorter than gonapophysis VIII, sabre-shaped with spiniferous microsculpture. Gonapophyses IX and gonospiculum bridge as in Figs 51–52 . Bursa copulatrix forming single, oval, huge pouch with well-visible cells, without sclerites ( Fig. 53 ). Spermatheca well-developed; ductus receptaculi ribbed, about the same length as smooth diverticulum ductus ( Fig. 54 ).

Etymology. The genus was named after Périnet – a former name of the Analamazaotra forest in the Andasibe-Mantadia National Park in eastern central Madagascar, the locus typicus of the type species. Gender: feminine.

Distribution. Madagascar: former Fianarantsoa, Mahajanga, and Toamasina provinces ( Fig. 67 ).

Figures

Figs 1–4. Perinetella nigroflava Synave, 1956; habitus. 1 – lateral view; 2 – dorsal view; 3 – anterior part, dorsal view; 4 – same, frontal view.

Figs 5–10. Perinetella nigroflava Synave, 1956; SEM micrographs.5 – anterior part,dorsal view; 6 – same, dorso-lateral view (from right); 7 – head and prothorax, dorsal view; 8 – vertex, sensory and secretory structures; 9 – dorsal portion of vertex and anterior portion of pronotum, dorso-lateral view (from left side); 10 – same, frontal view.

Figs 64–66. Perinetella flavomarginata sp. nov.; habitus, male. 64 – lateral view; 65 – anterior part, dorsal view; 66 – anterior part; frontal view.

Figs 11–16. Perinetella nigroflava Synave,1956; SEM micrographs.11, 12 – anterior part,frontal view; 13, 14 – same, left (13) and right (14) lateral views; 15 – upper frons, secretory structures; 16 – anterior pronotum, secretory structures.

Figs 17–22. Perinetella nigroflava Synave, 1956; SEM micrographs. 17 – antenna, frontal view; 18–20 – pedicel, dorsal view; 21, 22 – setae and plate organs: 21 – dorsal surface, 22 – apical concavity.

Figs 23–28. Perinetella nigroflava Synave, 1956; tegmen, SEM micrographs. 23, 24 – lateral view; 25 – clavus, dorso-lateral view; 26 – basal part, dorso-lateral view (with labelled structures); 27 – apical part; 28 – veins, secretory structures.

Figs 29–34. Perinetella nigroflava Synave, 1956; male, SEM micrographs. 29 – abdomen, dorsal view; 30 – anal tube, dorsal view; 31 – abdomen, lateral view; 32 – terminalia, lateral view; 33 – terminalia, caudal view; 34 – phallic complex, caudal view.

Figs 55–63. Perinetella spp., males. 55–57 – P.fiedleri sp. nov.: 55 – terminalia, left lateral view; 56 – periandrium, left lateral view; 57 – periandrium, ventral view. 58–63 – P. flavomarginata sp. nov.: 58 – terminalia, left lateral view; 59 – anal tube, dorsal view; 60 – periandrium, left lateral view; 61 – periandrium, ventral view; 62 – aedeagus, lateral view; 63 – aedeagus, right part, ventral view.

Figs 41–46. Perinetella nigroflava Synave, 1956; female, SEM micrographs. 41, 42 – abdomen, dorsal view; 43, 44 – terminalia, lateral view; 45, 46 – terminalia, caudal view.

Figs 47–54. Perinetella nigroflava Synave, 1956; female.47 – pregenital sternite, flattened, ventral view; 48 – gonoplac, right external view; 49 – same, internal view; 50 – gonapophysis VIII, lateral view; 51 – gonapophyses IX and gonospiculum bridge, dorsal view; 52 – same, lateral view; 53 – bursa copulatrix, lateral view; 54 – spermatheca.

Fig. 67. Distribution of the genus Perinetella Synave, 1956 in Madagascar.