Mesobuthus faiki Yağmur, KovařÍk & Fet, 2024

Euscorpius & No., 2024, New records of Mesobuthus mesopotamicus (Penther, 1912) in Iraq and Mesobuthus faiki sp. n. from Turkey (Scorpiones: Buthidae), Euscorpius 388, pp. 1-22 : 9-21

Mesobuthus faiki Yağmur, KovařÍk & Fet , sp. n.

( Figures 39–75 ; Table 1) http: //zoobank. org/urn: lsid: zoobank. org:ac t: 4B26C7CE-

3EAA-482B-97A4-8748ED666ACE

Mesobuthus eupeus : Crucitti & Cicuzza, 2000: 287; Crucitti & Vignoli, 2002: 453; KarataŞ & KarataŞ, 2003: 1–4; KarataŞ & Çolak, 2005: 3–4; Yağmur et al., 2007: 97–98.

Mesobuthus eupeus phillipsii (in part; Turkey): KovařÍk et al., 2011: 5–13, figs. 12–15, 17–18, 21–22, 25–27.

Mesobuthus mesopotamicus (in part; Turkey): KovařÍk et al., 2022: 92 , 97, 178 (two DNA sequences from Turkey, KahramanmaraŞ Province, Türkoğlu, Evri Village; Mardin Province, Yesilli).

TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE DEPOSITORY. Turkey, Gaziantep Province: Şehitkamil, İncesu Village , 1 km E, 37°13'16''N 37°18'05''E, 942 m a. s. l. ; AZMM /Sco-2005:4.

TYPE MATERIAL EXAMINED. Holotype ♂, Turkey, Gaziantep Province: Şehitkamil, İncesu Village , 1 km E, 37°13'16''N 37°18'05''E, 942 m a. s. l., 7.V.2005, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco-2005:4).

Paratypes: Turkey, Adıyaman Province, Besni, Atmalı Village, 37°42'21''N 38°00'44''E, 730 m a. s. l., 15. V.2004, 1♂ 4♀ 4juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & T. Akkaya ( AZMM /Sco- 2004:21-29); Besni, Atmalı Village, 2 km S, 8.VII.2006, 37°41'39''N 38°00'11''E, 763 m a. s. l., 2♂ 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & S. AnlaŞ ( AZMM /Sco-2006:17-19); Besni, Çakırhöyük Village fork in road, 1 km S, 37°33'09''N 37°45'12''E, 724 m a. s. l., 7.VII.2006, 2♂ 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & S. AnlaŞ ( AZMM /Sco-2006:20-22); Besni, Üçgöz Village, 3 km NW, 37°39'38''N 37°56'28''E, 763 m a. s. l., 8. VII.2006, 3♂, leg. E. A. Yağmur & S. AnlaŞ ( AZMM /Sco- 2006:23-25); Central, Aydınoluk Village fork in road, 1 km W, 37°42'28''N 38°00'06''E, 730 m a. s. l., 4. V.2004, 1♂ 2♀, leg. A. Avcı ( AZMM /Sco-2004:30-32), same locality, 3♂ 1♀, 11.VIII.2006, leg. A. Avcı & E. A. Yağmur ( AZMM /Sco- 2006:26-30); Gerger, Açma Village, 2 km NE, 37°59'35''N 38°57'51''E, 595 m a. s. l., 19. IV.2008, 1♂ 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & E. Tezcan ( AZMM /Sco-2008:02-03); Kahta, ÇaybaŞı Village, 37°41'49''N 38°32'58''E, 597 m a. s. l., 27. V.2006, 1juv., leg. A. Avcı ( AZMM /Sco-2006:31); Kahta, Eski Kahta Village, 37°56'24''N 38°38'33''E, 631 m a. s. l., 15.VII.2021, 23♂ 23♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & F. Alaca ( AZMM / Sco-2021:57-102); Sincik, İnlice Village, 38°00'06''N 38°24'28''E, 993 m a. s. l., 12.VII.2019, 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur ( AZMM /Sco-2019:6); Nemrut Mountain (37.98°N 38.74°E), 9. VI.1996, 1♂, leg. M. SnÍžek, NMPC; Sincik, Kocahisar Village, 37°56'35"N 38°38'47"E (37.93°N 38.63°E), 625 m a. s. l., 15.VII.2020, 5♂, leg. F. Alaca; DIyarbakır Province, Çermik, BaŞarı Village, 1 km NW, 38°06'36''N 39°31'05''E, 966 m a. s. l., 12. IV.2008, 1♂ 1♀ 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur, G. ÇalıŞır & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2008:04-06); Çermik, Petekkaya Village, 6 km SW, 38°03'06''N 39°24'17''E, 722 m a. s. l., 11. IV.2008, 1♀ 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur, G. ÇalıŞır & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2008:07-08); Çınar, AŞağı Konak Village, AyŞebacı Hill, 37°37'35''N 40°29'35''E, 760 m a. s. l., 16.VIII.2007, 1♂, leg. E. A. Yağmur ( AZMM /Sco-2007:10); Dicle, Koru Village fork in road, 1 km NE, 38°18'37''N 40°00'02''E, 880 m a. s. l., 25. V.2010, 1♀, leg. İ. Özgen ( AZMM /Sco-2010:2); Eğil, Kalkan Village, 3 km Kuzey, 38°11'12''N 40°05'33''E, 842 m a. s. l., 15. IV.2022, 2 ♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & A. Avcı ( AZMM /Sco-2022:97-98); Ergani, Salihli Village fork in road, 1 km NE, 38°13'38''N 39°40'07''E, 902 m a. s. l., 12. IV.2008, 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur, G. ÇalıŞır & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2008:09); Ergani, Tevekli Village, 38°11'54''N 39°51'37''E, 823 m a. s. l., 16. VI.2007, 2♂ 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco-2007:11- 13); Silvan, Köçek Mount, 38°10'55''N 41°00'18''E, 1126 m a. s. l., 15. IV.2010, 3juvs., E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM / Sco-2010:3-5); Ergani District, Tevekli Village, 38°11'54"N 39°51'37"E (38.18°N 39.85°E), 823 m a. s. l., 16 VI.2007, 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Yalçın, NMPC; Çermik District, 6 km SW of Petekkaya Village, 38°03'06"N 39°24'17"E (38.05°N 39.40°E), 722 m a. s. l., 11. IV.2008, 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur, NMPC; GazIantep Province, Araban, BaŞpınar Village, 2 km NEt, 37°27'59''N 37°52'33''E, 675 m a. s. l., 30. IV.2005, 1♂, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2005:5); Araban, Gözey Village, 37°23'45''N 37°48'21''E, 603 m a. s. l., 21. IV.2006, 2juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM / Sco-2006:32-33); Araban, GümüŞpınar Village, 1 km S, 37°25'58''N 37°53'28''E, 30. IV.2005, 2♂ 8♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2005:6-15), same place, 21. IV.2006, 2♂ 2♀ 4juvs., leg. M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco-2006:280- 287); İslahiye, Karakaya Village, 36°57'47''N 36°47'05''E, 537 m a. s. l., 14. IV.2006, 1♀, leg. M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco- 2006:34); Nizip, Altındağ Village, 37°05'14''N 37°42'07''E, 667 m a. s. l., 19.X.2002, 2♂ 5♀ 5juvs., leg. C. Toprak & S. Kesmezoğlu ( AZMM /Sco-2002:5-16); Nizip, Keklik Village, 2 km SW, 37°04'21''N 37°48'07''E, 579 m a. s. l., 30. V.2003, 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & C. Toprak ( AZMM /Sco-2003:5); Nizip, Kıratlı Village, 2 km NE, 37°05'34''N 37°45'10''E, 656 m a. s. l., 10.X.2004, 2juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2004:33-34); Nurdağı, G. KıŞla Village, 37°14'28''N 36°58'10''E, 598 m a. s. l., 10. V.2003, 1juv., E. A. Yağmur ( AZMM /Sco-2003:6); Şehitkamil, Akçaburç Village, 2 km SW, 37°14'09''N 37°18'47''E, 834 m a. s. l., 7. V.2005, 1♂ 1♀ 3 juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco- 2005:16-20); Şahinbey, Belenköy Village, 1 km E, 37°03'15''N 37°05'31''E, 954 m a. s. l., 5. V.2006, 4♀ 1juv., leg. M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco-2006:35-39); Şahinbey, Gaziantep Town, Perilikaya Neibourhood, 37°02'43''N 37°26'44''E, 855 m a. s. l., 10. V.2010, 3♂ 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur ( AZMM /Sco-2010:11- 14); Şehitkamil, Güngürge Village, 2 km SW, 37°11'43”N 37°27'27”E, 865 m a. s. l., 9.X.2004, 2♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & C. Toprak ( AZMM /Sco-2004:35-36); Şehitkamil, Güngürge Village, 1 km N, 37°13'35''N 37°28'57''E, 803 m a. s. l., 9.X.2004, 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & C. Toprak ( AZMM /Sco- 2004:37); Şehitkamil, İncesu Village, 1 km E, 37°13'16''N 37°18'05''E, 942 m a. s. l., 7. V.2005, 3♂ 4♀ 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco-2005:21-28); Şehitkamil, Övündük Village, 2 km W, 37°12'53''N 37°24'57''E, 778 m a. s. l., 8. VI.2002, 1♀, leg. C. Toprak & S. Kesmezoğlu ( AZMM / Sco-2002:17); Şahinbey, Sarısalkım Village, 37°05'45''N 37°16'48''E, 1013 m a. s. l., 26. IV.2004, 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur ( AZMM /Sco-2004:38); Şehitkamil, TaŞlıca, 36°58'17''N 37°35'08''E, 770 m a. s. l., 24.VII.2007, 1♂ 4♀ 13juvs., leg. H. Koç ( AZMM /Sco-2007:14-31); Şehitkamil, Bedirköy, 37°10'34''N 37°26'57''E, 852 m a. s. l., 29.VIII.2020, 7♂ 2♀ 3juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur, E. Tezcan & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2020:12-23); Şehitkamil, Erikli, 2 km E, 37°12'35''N 37°18'36''E, 967 m a. s. l., 16. IV.2006, 2♀, leg. M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco-2006:40-41); Şehitkâmil, Tuğlu Village, 37°11'12''N 37°32'35''E, 801 m a. s. l., 11. V.2007, 2♀ 4juvs., leg. H. Koç ( AZMM /Sco-2007:32-37); Şehitkamil, YeŞilce Village, 37°10'12''N 37°12'50''E, 982 m a. s. l., 10. V.2004, 1♀, leg. T. Akkaya ( AZMM /Sco-2004:39), same locality, 30. VI.2006, 3♀ 7juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur ( AZMM / Sco-2006:42-51); Oğuzeli, ÇaybaŞı Village, 37°00'16''N 37°31'03''E, 982 m a. s. l., 15. V.2020, 1♂, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2020:11); Yavuzeli, Çiltoprak Village, 1 km N, 37°17'08''N 37°44'39''E, 536 m a. s. l., 23. IV.2006, 1♂ 3♀ 2juvs., leg. M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco-2006:52- 57); Yavuzeli, Örenli Village, 1 km E, 37°15'11''N 37°30'45''E, 726 m a. s. l., 9.X.2004, 5juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & C. Toprak ( AZMM /Sco-2004:40-44); Yavuzeli, Düzce Village, 1 km S, 37°15'35''N 37°43'20''E, 533 m a. s. l., 23. IV.2006, 2♀ 3juvs., leg. M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco-2006:58-62); Yavuzeli, Süleymanobası Village, 1 km N, 37°14'56''N 37°33'14''E, 837 m a. s. l., 9.X.2004, 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & C. Toprak ( AZMM /Sco-2004:45); Kahramanmaraş Province, Pazarcık, Hörük Village fork in road, 0.5 km N, 37°30'10''N 37°33'46''E, 795 m a. s. l., 24. VI.2007, 3juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco-2007:38-40); Pazarcık, Ganidağı Village, 37°29'27''N 37°24'47''E, 967 m a. s. l., 5. IV.2008, 1♂ 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco-2008:10-11); Pazarcık, Karabıyıklı Village, 4 km N, 37°19'33''N 37°09'40''E, 743 m a. s. l., 18. VI.2006, 1♂ 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco-2006:63-64); Pazarcık, Salmanıpak Village, 37°24'01''N 37°12'38''E, 671 m a. s. l., 9. IV.2006, 4♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur, M. Yalçın & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco- 2006:65-68); Pazarcık, Narlı, 2 km S, 37°19'50''N 37°09'48''E, 868 m a. s. l., 9. IV.2006, 1♀ 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur, M. Yalçın & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2006:69-70); Pazarcık, Narlı, 7 km S, 37°19'12''N 37°10'13''E, 7. III.2008, 9♀ 5juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur, M. Yalçın & G. ÇalıŞır ( AZMM /Sco-2008:12-25), same locality, 37°19'15''N 37°10'15''E, 873 m a. s. l., 27. VII.2018 - 15.VII.2019, Pitfall Trap, 1♂, leg. E. A. Yağmur & K. Yılmaz ( AZMM /Sco-2018:180-193); Türkoğlu, Evri Village, 37°16'13''N 37°08'33''E, 720 m a. s. l., 23.VII.2007, 7♂ 2♀ 11juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur ( AZMM /Sco-2007:146- 165); KIlIs Province, Elbeyli, Çangallı Village, 36°42'52''N 37°33'14''E, 615 m a. s. l., 20. IV.2006, 2♂ 2♀ 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2006:71-75); Mardin Province, Central, Eskikale Village, 2 km E, 37°18'23''N 40°46'28''E, 944 m a. s. l., 4.VIII.2006, 2♂ 2♀ 3juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Yalçın ( AZMM /Sco-2006:76-82), same locality, 7. IV.2007, 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur ( AZMM /Sco-2007:41); Mazıdağı, Gürpınar Village, 2 km E, 37°30'02''N 40°37'13''E, 955 m a. s. l., 13. IV.2011, 2♀, 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-20011:17-19); Savur, Sürgücü Village, 2 km N, 37°35'44''N 40°43'08''E, 802 m a. s. l., 16. IV.2010, 1♂ 3juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco- 2010:6-9); YeŞilli, TepebaŞı Village, 37º20'49''N 40º49'35''E, 946 m a. s. l., 13. V.2004, 1♂ 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & T. Akkaya ( AZMM /Sco-2004:46-47); YeŞilli, Hacı Hıdır Kasrı (Historical Hause), 37°19'45''N 40°48'43''E, 764 m a. s. l., 10. IV.2006, 2♂ 16♀ 6juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & A. KürŞat ( AZMM /Sco-2006:83-106), same locality, 6♀ 5juvs., 7. IV.2007, leg. E. A. Yağmur & A. KürŞat ( AZMM /Sco- 2007:42-52); Ömerli, Hop Pass, 37º22'20''N 40º51'51''E, 1161 m a. s. l., 18. IV.2007, 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & A. KürŞat ( AZMM /Sco-2007:43), same locality, 13. IV.2022, 1♂ 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & A. Avcı ( AZMM /Sco-2022:95-96); same locality, 37°22'20''N 40°51'51''E, 1161 m a. s. l., 14. IV.2010, 3♀ 3juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur ( AZMM /Sco-2010:15-20); Şanlıurfa Province, Akçakale, Edebey Village, 36°50'40''N 38°40'57''E, 532 m a. s. l., 22. V.2007, 5♂ 4♀ 2juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur, H. Koç & A. V. Gromov ( AZMM /Sco-2007:44-54); Birecik, Divriği Village, 3 km N, 37°03'23''N 38°07'09''E, 660 m a. s. l., 9. VI.2007, 7juvs., leg. H. Koç & A. V. Gromov ( AZMM /Sco-2007:55-61); Birecik, Yukarı Habib Village, 2 km N, 37°08'51''N 37°59'57''E, 660 m a. s. l., 1. IV.2006, 1♀ 2juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco- 2006:107-109); Ceylanpınar, Akrepli Area, 36°52'16''N 40°01'48''E, 424 m a. s. l., 5. III.2006, 5♀ 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2006:110-115); Ceylanpınar, Ceylanpınar Town, 3 km W, 36°51'59''N 39°59'59''E, 376 m a. s. l., 1. IV.2011, 4♀ 7juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur ( AZMM /Sco-2011:26-36); Ceylanpınar, Evren PaŞa Village, 36°52'15''N 40°02'30''E, 391 m a. s. l., 5. III.2006, 3♀ 6juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco- 2006:116-124), same locality, EmintaŞ Area, 1. IV.2006, 12♂ 44♀ 57juvs. ( AZMM /Sco-2006:125-237); Eyyübiye, ÇalıŞkanlar Village fork in road, 37°07'54''N 38°42'22''E, 11. IV.2006, 1♀ 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM / Sco-2006:238-239); Eyyübiye, Duruca Village, 1.5 km W, TofaŞ Memorial Forest, 36°57'28''N 38°52'23''E, 423 m a. s. l., 7. V.2006, 3♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Z. Yıldız ( AZMM /Sco- 2006:288-290); Eyyübiye, Küçükalanlı Village, 37°07'21''N 38°40'41''E, 724 m a. s. l., 11. V.2004, 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & T. Akkaya ( AZMM /Sco-2004:48); Eyyübiye, Karahisar Village, Karaca Hamlet, 37°02'22''N 39°16'38''E, 658 m a. s. l., 9. V.2006, 6♀ 5juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Z. Yıldız ( AZMM /Sco-2006:240-250), same locality, 25. IV.2009, 3juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & V. Ülgezer ( AZMM /Sco-2009:3- 5); Eyyübiye, Kızılkuyu Village, 37°02'31''N 38°44'03''E, 523 m a. s. l., 3.X.2009, 1♂, leg. Mert Elverici ( AZMM /Sco- 2009:6); Halfeti, Kalkan Village fork in road, 36°50'40''N 38°40'57''E, 532 m a. s. l., 10. IV.2006, 1♂ 1♀ 2juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2006:251-254); Halfeti, SavaŞan Village, 37°16'49''N 37°51'12''E, 444 m a. s. l., 30. III.2008, 2♂ 3♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM / Sco-2008:26-30); Halfeti, Yeni Halfeti, 2 km S, 37°12'29''N 37°56'33''E, 579 m a. s. l., 11. V.2006, 1♀ 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Z. Yıldız ( AZMM /Sco-2006:255-256); Halfeti, YeŞilözen Village, 2 km S, 37°11'05''N 37°58'32''E, 669 m a. s. l., 1. IV.2006, 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM / Sco-2006:257); Halfeti, YeŞilözen Village, 3.5 km N, 37°10'20''N 37°58'41''E, 704 m a. s. l., 15. IV.2011, 1♂ 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-20011:20-21); Şanlıurfa, Haliliye, Açıkyazı Village, 3 km W, N of Tektek Mountains, 37°10'08''N 39°13'40''E, 555 m a. s. l., 10. VI.2007, 2juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & H. Koç ( AZMM /Sco-2007:166- 167); Haliliye, Asri Village, 2 km SE, 37°04'36''N 39°13'30''E, 561 m a. s. l., 9. V.2006, 2♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Z. Yıldız ( AZMM /Sco-2006:258-259); Haliliye, Asri Village, 4 km SE, 37°04'49''N 39°14'49''E, 598 m a. s. l., 19.VIII.2021, 2♂, leg. E. A. Yağmur, İ. Kartal & Ö. Sipahioğlu ( AZMM /Sco- 2021:43-44); Haliliye, Boncuk Village, 1 km S 37°08'32''N 39°20'19''E, 668 m a. s. l., 11. IV.2022, 4♀ 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & A. Avcı ( AZMM /Sco-2022:14-18); Haliliye, Büyükmirdesi Village, 37°04'40''N 39°26'19''E, 549 m a. s. l., 11. IV.2022, 2♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & A. Avcı ( AZMM /Sco- 2022:19-20); Haliliye, Dağyanı Village, 5 km E, 37°13'48''N 39°14'40''E, 656 m a. s. l., 12. V.2004, 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & T. Akkaya ( AZMM /Sco-2004:49); Haliliye, Çiçekli Village, 1 km N, 37°13'27''N 39°24'06''E, 653 m a. s. l., 12. V.2004, 1♂ 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & T. Akkaya ( AZMM /Sco-2004:50- 51); Haliliye, Tepedibi Village, 3 km E, 37°08'40''N 39°13'58''E, 548 m a. s. l., 8. V.2006, 1♂ 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Z. Yıldız ( AZMM /Sco-2006:260-261); Harran, ŞuayipŞehir Village, 2 km NE, 36°52'36''N 39°22'18''E, 506 m a. s. l., 6. V.2006, 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Z. Yıldız ( AZMM /Sco-2006:262); Hilvan, KırbaŞı Village, 0,5 km S, 37°30'03''N 38°53'17''E, 678 m a. s. l., 10. V.2006, 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Z. Yıldız ( AZMM /Sco-2006:263); Siverek, Karakeçi Village, 1 km SW, 37°26'20''N 39°25'52''E, 750 m a. s. l., 10. V.2006, 1♂ 5♀ 7juvs., E. A. Yağmur & M. Z. Yıldız ( AZMM /Sco-2006:264-276); Suruç, Ezgil Village, 37°03'57''N 38°17'54''E, 605 m a. s. l., 30. III.2011, 3juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-20011:22-24); Suruç, YağıŞlı Village, 2 km S, 37°00'35''N 38°16'27''E, 606 m a. s. l., 11. IV.2006, 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-2006:277); ViranŞehir, Kocanizam Village, 1 km S, 37°11'48''N 39°29'29''E, 619 m a. s. l., 8. V.2006, 1♀ 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Z. Yıldız ( AZMM /Sco- 2006:278-279); SIIrt Province, Pervari, Doğanköy Village, 37°45'08''N 42°47'56''E, 1620 m a. s. l., 30.VIII.2019, 3♂ 1♀ 1juv., leg. M. E. Bulut ( AZMM /Sco-2019:7-11); Eruh, Bağgöze Village, 37°42'39''N 41°54'49''E, 919 m a. s. l., 25. V.2019, 2juvs., leg. Ö. Koyuncu ( AZMM /Sco-2019:12- 13); Birecik District, Çiçekalan Village, 36°56'74"N 38°01'37"E (36.93°N 38.02°E), 410 m a. s. l., 1. IV.2006, 1♂ 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Z. Yıldız, NMPC; Kelaynak Valley, 2 km N of Birecik District, 37°02'59"N 37°59'07"E (37.03°N 37.98°E), 388 m a. s. l., 1. IV.2006, 1♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük, NMPC; Birecik District, Çiçekalan Village, 36°56'74"N 38°01'37"E (36.93°N 38.02°E), 410 m a. s. l., 1. IV.2008, 1♀ 2juvs.(♀ ♂), leg. M. Z. Yıldız, NMPC; Şırnak Province, Central, 2 km SW, 37°29'55''N 42°26'22''E, 1036 m a. s. l., 1.VII.2014, 1♂, leg. Ş. Olğaç ( AZMM /Sco- 2014:1); Central, AtbaŞı Village, 37°26'37''N 42°14'25''E, 545 m a. s. l., 31.VIII.2022, 6♂ 4♀, leg. R. Kurt ( AZMM /Sco- 2022:21-30); Central, Kasrik, AŞağı Dere Village, 37°23'16''N 42°09'31''E, 511 m a. s. l., 27.VII.2022, 20♂ 5♀ 3juvs., leg. R. Kurt ( AZMM /Sco-2022:31-58); Central, Kasrik Town, 6 km NE, 37°25'39''N 42°14'13''E, 494 m a. s. l., 28. III.2011, 1♀, leg. S. Demirci ( AZMM /Sco-20011:25); Central, Kızılsu Village, 37°26'17''N 42°13'44''E, 558 m a. s. l., 25.VII.2022, 9♂ 4♀, leg. R. Kurt ( AZMM /Sco-2022:59-71); Central, Koçbeyi Village, 37°25'39''N 42°11'28''E, 668 m a. s. l., 10. VIII.2022, 3♂, leg. R. Kurt ( AZMM /Sco-2022:72-74); Cizre, UlaŞ Village, 37°22'51''N 42°08'06''E, 466 m a. s. l., 22. VII.2022, 5♂ 3♀, leg. R. Kurt ( AZMM /Sco-2022:75-82); Dicle, Yalıntepe Village, 37°17'16''N 42°03'15''E, 599 m a. s. l., 12. V.2007, 15♀ 43juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur, M. Yalçın, H. Koç & E. Ulupınar ( AZMM /Sco-2007:62-116); Güçlükonak, Akdizgin Village, 37°26'28''N 42°00'27''E, 494 m a. s. l., 20. VII.2022, 2♂ 4♀, leg. R. Kurt ( AZMM /Sco-2022:83-88); İdil, Uçarlı Village, 1.5 km N, 37°18'57''N 41°42'48''E, 828 m a. s. l., 12. IV.2011, 2♀ 2juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & M. Özkörük ( AZMM /Sco-20011:37-40); İdil, Yörük Village, 37°16'57''N 42°01'07''E, 669 m a. s. l., 12. V.2007, 2♂ 4♀ 22juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur, M. Yalçın, H. Koç & E. Ulupınar ( AZMM /Sco- 2007:117-144), same locality, 1.VII.2007, 1♂, leg. H. Koç & A. V. Gromov AZMM /Sco-2007:145), same locality, 21. V.2009, 2♂ 8♀ 1juv., leg. E. A. Yağmur ( AZMM /Sco- 2009:7-17), same locality, 37°16'53''N 42°01'39''E, 613 m a. s. l., 13. IV.2022, 2♂ 2♀ 2juvs., leg. E. A. Yağmur & A. Avcı ( AZMM /Sco-2022:89-94); Silopi, Üçağaç Village, 37°17'42''N 42°22'59''E, 515 m a. s. l., 17. IV.2010, 1♀, leg. S. Demirci ( AZMM /Sco-2010:10); Şenoba, Şenoba Town, 1 km N, 37°28'13''N 42°42'50''E, 926 m a. s. l., 20.VIII.2021, 4♂ 2♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur, İ. Kartal & Ö. Sipahioğlu ( AZMM / Sco-2021:45-50); Şenoba, Şenoba Town, 1.5 km W, 37°28'00''N 42°41'09''E, 1061 m a. s. l., 20.VIII.2021, 4♂ 2♀, leg. E. A. Yağmur, İ. Kartal & Ö. Sipahioğlu ( AZMM /Sco- 2021:51-56); Uludere, Bağlıca Village, 37°27'00''N 42°45'08''E, 931 m a. s. l., 10–15.X.2018, 8♂ 2♀, leg. D. Türk ( NMPC /Sco-2018:194-203); İdil District, Yörük Villag, 37°16'57"N 42°01'07"E (37.27°N 42.02°E), 669 m a. s. l., 21. V.2009, 1♀ 1juv.♂, leg. E. A. Yağmur, NMPC.

ETYMOLOGY. The new species epithet is a patronym honoring Mehmet Faik Yağmur, father of the first author, for his help and support in his works.

DIAGNOSIS. Total length of adult males 37.77–45.85 mm (mean 41.62), females 38.01–48.75 mm (mean 45.61 averagely). Pectinal teeth number 23–27 (usually 24-26, mean 25.11) in males, 17-22 (usually 19–21, mean 19.88) in females. Carapace yellowish brown with brown pigmented patches in male; brown with dark brown patches in females. Tergites are yellowish brown with five stripes along to median and submedian carinae and lateral sites of tergites in males; dark brown with five black stripes in females. Chelicerae shiny dark yellow, without reticulation in males, brownish yellow with slight reticulation in females. Pedipalps sparsely hirsute and smooth. Femur with four spaced granulated carinae. Patella with eight carinae. The chela smooth without carinae. Movable fingers and fixed fingers of pedipalps have 11 and 10 cutting rows of denticles respectively, external, and internal accessory denticles, and five terminal denticles exist. Trichobothria et and est are located between db and dt, trichobothrium et proximal to dt and est proximal to db. Pedipalp chela length/width ratio 3.53 in male, 3.98 in female. Movable finger length/manus length ratio 1.39 in male, 1.33 in female. Tergites I–VI with three carinae. Pretergites without granulation, posttergites with several flattened granules, intercarinal area rough and smooth in tergites I–VI. Tergite VII is pentacarinate, median carina is smooth, submedians and laterals granular and not fused. Sternites I–VI smooth and sparsely hirsute. Sternite VII smooth and sparsely hirsute with four granular carinae. All metasomal segments are sparsely hirsute. All segment longer than wide in male, first segment slightly wider than long in females. Metasomal segment I with 10 carinae, II–III with 8 carinae, IV with 8 carinae, and V with 5 carinae. Lateral inframedian carinae complete on segment I, present on the posterior 2/3 segment II, and present on the posterior 1/3 on segment III. Anal lobe divided into three parts. Length to depth ratio of metasoma III in 1.41 male and 1.28 in female, metasoma IV 1.76 in male 1.69 in female. Dorsolateral carinae rounded; ventrolateral carinae strong on segment V and gradually increase posteriorly, with partly pointed, 3 large denticles; ventromedian carina crenulate on segment V. Telson is sparsely hirsute, bulbous, and smooth. Aculeus shorter than vesicle.

DESCRIPTION (♂ ♀).

Coloration ( Figs. 39–75 ). Carapace yellowish brown with brown pigmented patches, anterior area and anteriomedian carinae brown, between median eyes black in male; brown with dark brown patches, between and around median eyes black in females. Tergites are yellowish brown with five stripes along median and submedian carinae and lateral sites of tergites in male. Tergites are dark brown with five black stripes in females. Overlapping area of tergites light brown. Sternites dark yellow in males, olive brown in females. Metasoma yellowish brown fifth segment and reticular, ventral submedian carinae on segment I-IV and ventromedian carina on segment V fuscous. Telson is dark yellow. Pedipalps yellowish brown, fingers dark yellow, denticles in fingers black, condyle of movable finger reddish black in male. Dark brown with yellowish brown fingers in females. Legs are yellow in male, dark yellow in females. Chelicerae shiny dark yellow, without reticulation in male, brownish yellow with slight reticulation in females. Teeth of chelicerae reddish black.

Carapace ( Figs. 43–50 ). Trapezoidal, slightly wider than long; anterior part shrinks, anteriomedian and posteriomedian carinae moderate and smooth, centromedian and centrolateral carinae weak and granular. Unevenly covered by varying size granules but anterior area smooth includes a few flattened granules in male. Less granular in females. Anterior margin with a row of flattened granules and several stout setae. Posterior margin with a row of rounded granules.

Pectinal teeth number is 23–27 in males, 17–22 in females. Pectines with fulcrae and three marginal lamellae, six to seven middle lamellae and densely hirsute.

Pedipalps ( Figs. 51–64 ). Pedipalps sparsely hirsute and smooth. Femur with four spaced granulated carinae, internal carina with strong, spaced conical granules. Patella with eight carinae, dorsomedian and dorsoexternal carinae granulose, dorsointernal and ventrointernal carinae with a few spaced large granules. The chela smooth without carinae. Movable fingers and fixed fingers of pedipalps have 11 and 10 cutting rows of denticles respectively, external, and internal accessory denticles, and five terminal denticles exist. Fingers are moderately elongated (movable finger length/manus length ratio=1.39 in male, 1.33 in female). Trichobothria et and est are located between db and dt, trichobothrium et proximal to dt, and est proximal to db.

Mesosoma ( Figs. 43–46 ). Tergites I–VI with three granulated carinae in male, mostly smooth in females. Pretergites without granulation, posttergites with several flattened granules, intercarinal area rough and smooth in tergites I–VI. Tergite VII is pentacarinate, median carina is smooth, submedians and laterals granular and not fused. Sternites I–VI smooth and sparsely hirsute with a couple of furrows. The sternite VII smooth and sparsely hirsute with four granular carinae in male, granules on the carinae more marked in females.

Metasoma and telson ( Figs. 65 –74). All metasomal segments are sparsely hirsute. All segments longer than wide in male, first segment slightly wider than long in females. Dorsal surface smooth, lateral, and ventral surfaces rough and smooth. Metasomal segment I with 10 carinae, II–III with 8 carinae, IV with 8 carinae, and V with 5 carinae. Lateral inframedian carinae complete on segment I, present on the posterior 2/3 of segment II, and present on the posterior 1/3 on segment III. Metasomal carinae granular on segments I–VI. Dorsolateral carinae strong and crenulate, the granules spinoid and rounded on I–IV. Ventrolateral carinae strong with fused granules on segments I–II and crenulate on III–IV in male, crenulate on segments I–IV in females. Ventral submedian carinae smooth on segments I and IV, crenulate on segments II–III in males, crenulate on segments I and IV with moderate conical granules on segments II–III in females. Dorsolateral carinae rounded; ventrolateral carinae strong on segment V and gradually increase posteriorly, with partly pointed, 3 large denticles; ventromedian carina crenulate on segment V. Telson is sparsely hirsute, bulbous, and smooth, vesicle with three rows of flattened granules ventrally. Aculeus shorter than vesicle. Anal lobe divided into three parts.

Legs ( Figs. 75 ). Telotarsus I–IV with two rows of ventral short and strong spiniform spinules. All legs hirsute. Tibial spurs present and moderate on legs III and IV and absent on the other legs.

Measurements. See Table 1

COMMENTS ON LOCALITIES AND LIFE STRATEGY. Mesobuthus faiki sp. n. prefers dry climate areas in the plains of southeastern Anatolia. Specimens have been found in dense or sparse oak vegetation or in open, steppe areas. They are frequently found in limestone and basalt rocky areas. This species has been observed between the altitudes of 388–1620 m.

M. faiki sp. n. is distributed westward until the Kartal Mountain range, western part of which is characterized by humid Mediterranean climate. This species could be distributed until the Taurus Mountains in the north and east. The Taurus Mountain range has a high elevation and prevents penetration of many species, forming an important zoogeographic barrier. The territories lying at the north from the Taurus Mountains have a more continental climate. The border of Turkey and Iraq is formed by the Hezil River, which is also an important barrier for distribution of animal species. Some scorpion species, such as Orthochirus mesopotamicus , are distributed until the north of Iraq (authors’ unpublished data). It appears that the Hezil River represents the southern boundary of the range of Mesobuthus faiki sp. n. as well as the northern distributional boundary of the allopatric M. mesopotamicus .

AFFINITIES. Mesobuthus faiki sp. n. was earlier identified as M. mesopotamicus ; therefore, it is compared mainly with this species.

(a) General coloration is yellowish brown or dark brown with five brown or black stripes in Mesobuthus faiki sp. n., whereas it is light or dark yellow with five grey and slightly expressed stripes in M. mesopotamicus .

(b) M. mesopotamicus is moderately hirsute with stout and long setae whereas Mesobuthus faiki sp. n. is sparsely hirsute with short and indistinct setae.

(c) Ventrolateral carinae on segment V with partly pointed, with 3 large denticles in Mesobuthus faiki sp. n. whereas only 2 moderate, conical denticles are present in M. mesopotamicus . (d) Chela fingers are relatively longer, and chela is thinner in Mesobuthus faiki sp. n. (movable finger length/manus length ratio 1.39 in male, 1.33 in female; chela length/width ratio 3.53 in male, 3.98 in female) than in M. mesopotamicus (movable finger length/manus length ratio 1.24 in male, 1.28 in female; chela length/width ratio 3.58 in male, 3.56 in female).

(e) Vesicle is slightly more bulbous, and aculeus is slightly shorter in M. mesopotamicus (aculeus length/vesicle length ratio 0.63 in male, in 0.55 female) than in Mesobuthus faiki sp. n. (aculeus length/vesicle length ratio 0.67 in male, 0.68 in female).

DISTRIBUTION. Turkey (Diyarbakır, Gaziantep, KahramanmaraŞ, Kilis, Mardin, Şanlıurfa, Siirt, Şırnak Provinces) ( Fig. 38 ) .

Figures

Figures 38. A map of distribution of Mesobuthus mesopotamicus and M. faiki sp. n. Red circle, type locality of M. faiki sp. n.; black circles, localities of Mesobuthus faiki sp. n.; blue circle, type locality of M. mesopotamicus; green circles indicate literature records according to Penther (1912), KovařÍk et al. (2011, 2022), Pringle (1960), Al-Azawi (2016), Morad & Al-Abbad (2017), and Hussen & Ahmed (2020); yellow circles indicate new locality records of M. mesopotamicus.

Figure 75: Mesobuthus faiki sp. n., tibia, basitarsus and tarsus of left legs I–IV (top row, male, bottom row, female).

Figures 39–42: Mesobuthus faiki sp. n. Figures 39–40. Male holotype, dorsal (39) and ventral (40) views. Figures 41–42. Female paratype from İncesu Village, dorsal (41) and ventral (42) views. Scale bar: 10 mm.

Figures 43–46: Mesobuthus faiki sp. n. Figure 43–44. Carapace and mesosoma in dorsal view, male holotype (43) and female paratype (44). Figure 45–46. Sternopectinal area and sternites, male holotype (45) and female paratype from İncesu Village (46).

Figures 47–50: Mesobuthus faiki sp. n. Figure 47–48. Carapace, male holotype (47) and female paratype from İncesu Village (48). Figure 11–12. Sternopectinal area, male holotype (49) and female from İncesu Village (50).

Figures 51–57. Mesobuthus faiki sp. n., pedipalp segments of male holotype. Chela ventral (51), external (52) and dorsal (53) views. Pedipalp ventral (54), dorsal (55). Fixed (56) and movable (57) fingers dentition. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by red circles (51–55).

Figures 58–64. Mesobuthus faiki sp. n., pedipalp segments of female paratype from İncesu Village. Chela ventral (58), external (59) and dorsal (60) views. Pedipalp ventral (61), dorsal (62). Fixed (63) and movable (64) fingers dentition. Trichobothrial pattern is indicated by red circles (58–62).

Figures 65–70: Mesobuthus faiki sp. n., metasoma and telson. Figures 65–66: Ventral view, male holotype (65) and female from İncesu Village (66). Figures 67–68: Ventral view, male holotype (67) and female from İncesu Village (68). Figures 69–70: Lateral view, male holotype (31) and female from İncesu Village (32). Figures 71–72: Lateral view of metasoma V and telson, male holotype (71) and female from İncesu Village (72). Figures 73–74: Dorsal view of metasoma V and telson, male holotype (73) and female from İncesu Village (74). Scale bar: 10 mm (65–70).