Sida pernambucensis Baracho & J.L. Brandão, 2017

Brandão, José Lourenço, Baracho, George Sidney, Sales, Margareth Ferreira De & Filho, Marcelo Paulino Viegas, 2017, Synopsis of Sida (Malvaceae, Malvoideae, Malveae) in the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, Phytotaxa 307 (3), pp. 205-227 : 217-218

13. Sida pernambucensis Baracho & J.L. Brandão , sp. nov. ( Figs. 3A – O , 7A )

Similar to Sida teresinensis Krapovickas (2007: 200) by the stems covered with dense minute stellate and sparse long stalked-stellate trichomes, widely ovate leaf blades, stellate tomentose calyx, and mericarps 13, submuticous, but differs in the 1–2-nerved stipule, articulate pedicels, staminal column minutely pubescent with simple trichomes, and stamens with pilose filaments.

Type: — BRAZIL. Pernambuco: Igarassu Municipality, BR 101, km 41, 7º49’50.142”S, 34º54’50.3568”W, 5 May 2016 (fl, fr), G.S. Baracho 2.191 (holotype, UFP; isotypes, JPB, IPA, PEUFR) .

Erect herbs 30–80 cm tall, stems sparsely verrucose, pubescent, with minute stellate trichomes and sometimes with long stalked-stellate trichomes with 8–22 rayed. Stipules 8.5–11 × 0.8–1 mm, 1–2-nerved, narrowly lanceolate, symmetric, sometimes vinaceous, pubescent with minute dense stellate trichomes sometimes mixed with ciliate simple trichomes. Petiole 1–1.5 mm long, cylindrical to slightly compressed, with pubescence like the stem. Leaf blades 4.5–6.5 × 2.2– 6.5 cm, symmetric, concolor, ovate to widely ovate, basally subcordate, margin irregularly dentate-crenate throughout and vinaceous, apex obtuse; the upper surface sparsely pubescent, with minute stellate trichomes; the lower surface more densely stellate-pubescent, with minute trichomes. Flowers solitary in the leaf axils or congested apically through shortened internodes; pedicel 18–30 mm long, articulated 3–8 mm below the calyx, stellate-pubescent. Calyx 4–6 × 6–8 mm, campanulate, not accrescent or slightly accrescent in fruiting, prominently 10-ribbed, pubescent, densely covered by stellate minute trichomes, rarely mixed with bifurcate minute trichomes; sepals ovate, the lobes 3–3.5 × 3.5–6 mm, apiculate, slightly plicate, internally glabrous. Corolla 1.8–2 cm in diameter; petals 12–13 × 8–9 mm, oboval, asymmetric, usually without a vinaceous center or sometimes with, margin ciliate and densely pilose at base; stamens 55–56, free filaments 1.5–2 mm, pilose and organized into 4–5 phalanges, staminal column 1.5–2 × 0.8–1 mm long, cylindric, yellowish, with simple minute trichomes; ovary 1.2–1.5 × 1.5–2 mm, compressed, glabrous, carpels 10–13, free styles 10–13, 3.5–4 mm long, cylindrical, recurving at anthesis, wine-red, stigma capitate, vinaceous. Mericarps 10–13, 2.8–3.1 × 2–2.1 × 1.2–1.5 mm, blackish; apical zone 1–1.2 mm long, submuticous, the aristae 0.3–0.5 mm long, sparsely covered with stellate minute trichomes, the external walls smooth, internal walls slightly dehiscent; basal zone 1.9–2.1 mm long, dorsal wall rounded and oblong, slightly reticulate and carinate, glabrous or pubescent on apical portion; lateral walls weakly reticulate, semicircular; seeds 1.8–2 × 1.5–2 × 1–1.2 mm, trigonousreniform, smooth, blackish, hilum pubescent. Columella 2.5 × 3 mm, persistent.

Taxonomic notes: — Sida pernambucensis is placed in Sida sect. Cordifoliae by the leaves dentate-crenate throughout, solitary flowers in the axils or terminally in racemes, calyx 10-ribbed, stamen filaments organized into 4–5 phalanges, mericarps 10–13 and laterally reticulate. It is similar to S. teresinensis Krapovickas (2007: 207) due to its similar stems covered with dense minute stellate and sparse long stalked-stellate trichomes, widely ovate leaf blades, stellate-tomentose calyx, and mericarps 13, submuticous. However, S. pernambucensis differs from this species mainly by its 1–2-nerved stipule, articulate pedicels, staminal column with simple minute trichomes, and stamens with pilose filaments. In addition, this species has leaf blades with vinaceous margins, flowers sometimes with vinaceous center, and blackish mericarps and seeds.

Distribution and habitat: —This species is found along the road BR 101, Igarassu Municipality, north Littoral zone of Pernambuco, in disturbed vegetation on shallow humid soil and restricted to few and widely spaced individuals.

Representative specimen: —Known only from the type.

Figures

FIGURE 3. A–O: Sida pernambucensis. A–B: habit; C: morphotype I, flower with dark center; D: morphotype II, flower without dark center; E: stipule; F: leaf apex; G: lower leaf surface with stellate trichomes; H: stem; I: seed with pilose hyle; J: schizocarp with mature mericarps; K: gynoecium; L: calyx in fruiting with articulated pedicel; M: mericarp, dorsal view; N: mericarp, lateral view; O: androphore. E–H, K, O, bar = 2 mm; I, M–N, bar = 1 mm. Photos: G.S. Baracho.

FIGURE 7. A–B: Distribution maps of Sida species in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil. A: Sida pernambucensis (Ì); S. planicaulis (|); S. rhombifolia var. rhombifolia (Ɨ); S. salviifolia (D); S. santaremensis (Î); S. setosa (Δ). B: Sida spinosa (z); S. tuberculata var. pseudo-rhombifolia (|); S. uchoae (Ɨ); S. ulei (D); S. ulmifolia (Î); S. urens (Δ).