Borojevia trispinata, Klautau, 2017

Klautau, Michelle, 2017, Taxonomy and phylogeny of calcareous sponges (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcinea) from Brazilian mid-shelf and oceanic islands, Zootaxa 4311 (3), pp. 301-344 : 313-315

Borojevia trispinata sp. nov.

( Figs 4 A–G; Table 5)

Synonyms: Clathrina aspina , AZevedo & Klautau 2007: 4, Klautau et al. 2013: 448 (non Clathrina aspina ). Clathrina aff. aspina, Rossi et al. 2011: 1028 (non Clathrina aff. aspina ). Borojevia aspina, Imesek et al. 2014: 22 , Lanna & Klautau 2016: 3, AZevedo et al. 2015: 792 (non Borojevia aspina ). Borojevia cf. aspina, Klautau et al. 2016: 5 (non Borojevia aff. aspina ).

Diagnosis. Borojevia with triactines, tetractines, and tripods. There are only three spines radially disposed in one row on the apical actine of the tetractines.

Material examined (39 specimens, all from São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago, Brazil): Holotype: UFRJPOR 6419, Cove, 4–10 m depth, coll. E. Lanna and L. Pessoa, 27 April 2011 . Paratypes: MNRJ 8569, Cove, 4 m depth, coll. F. Moraes, 25 July 2004. UFRJPOR 6483, Cove, 10–15 m depth, coll. F. Azevedo and G. Rodríguez, 18 June 2011. UFRJPOR 6487, Cabeço da Tartaruga , 8–13 m depth, coll. F. Azevedo and G. Rodríguez, 21 June 2011 . UFRJPOR 7162, Cove, 1–10 m depth, coll. E. Lanna and L. Pessoa, 26 April 2011. Additional material: UFRJPOR 6415, 6417, 6421, 6425, 6429, 6434, 6436, 7161, Cove, 1–10 m depth, coll. E. Lanna and L. Pessoa, 26 April 2011. UFRJPOR 6416, 6418, 6420, 6424, 6427, 6428, 6431, 6433, 6435,7163, Cove, 4–10 m depth, coll. E. Lanna and L. Pessoa, 27 April 2011. UFRJPOR 6422, 6426, 6430, Cove, 4–10 m depth, coll. E. Lanna and L. Pessoa, 0 1 May 2011. UFRJPOR 6496, Cove, 7–12 m depth, coll. F. Azevedo and G. Rodríguez, 10 June 2011. UFRJPOR 6488, 6498, Cove, 10–12 m depth, coll. F. Azevedo and G. Rodríguez, 12 June 2011. UFRJPOR 6486, Cove, 10 m depth, coll. F. Azevedo and G. Rodríguez, 14 June 2011. UFRJPOR 6489, 6491,6499, 6500, Cove, 8–12 m depth, coll. F. Azevedo and G. Rodríguez, 15 June 2011. UFRJPOR 6485, 6490, 6493, 6494, 6495, Cove, 10–15 m depth, coll. F. Azevedo and G. Rodríguez, 18 June 2011.

Etymology. From the Greek tri (= three), for the presence of three spines on the apical actine of the tetractines.

Colour. white in life and in ethanol.

MORPHOLOGY ( Figure 4 ). Consistency soft, slightly compressible and fragile. Cormus is massive, formed by thin, regular and tightly anastomosed tubes. water-collecting tubes are present ( Fig 4 A).

Anatomy. No cells with granules were found. The skeleton is composed of tripods, triactines, and tetractines ( Fig 4 B). Tripods are similar to large triactines and they are present on the external tubes. Tetractines are abundant and acquire a sagittal shape near the osculum. Trichoxeas are present in most specimens.

Spicules ( Figure 4 ; Table 5). Trichoxeas: Very thin, straight and long (figure not shown).

Specimen Spicule Length (µm) Width (µm) n

min mean sd max min mean sd max

UFRJPOR 6419 (H) Triactine 54.0 64.8 5.5 75.6 6.8 8.0 0.5 9.5 20 Tetractine Triactine 54.0 65.7 5.4 75.6 6.8 7.7 0.6 8.1 20 Apical 32.4 48.5 11.2 78.3 5.4 5.7 0.6 6.8 20 Tripod 62.1 72.2 5.6 83.7 8.1 9.5 0.9 10.8 20

UFRJPOR6487 (P) Triactine 19.0 24.7 2.4 29.0 4.1 7.1 1.2 9.5 20 Tetractine Triactine 22.0 26.5 2.9 33.0 6.8 9.0 1.2 10.0 20 Apical 32.4 45.8 9.0 64.8 4.1 5.9 8.1 0.9 20 Tripod 62.1 79.9 9.7 102.6 8.1 10.7 1.4 13.5 20

MNRJ 8569 (P) Triactine 45.9 62.6 5.1 67.5 5.4 7.9 0.7 8.1 20 Tetractine Triactine 54.0 63.7 6.3 75.6 6.8 8.4 0.8 10.8 20 Apical 29.7 45.0 9.1 64.8 5.4 5.4 0.0 5.4 20 Tripod 51.3 73.2 8.4 89.1 8.1 10.5 1.2 13.5 20

UFRJPOR 6483 (P) Triactine 54.0 64.7 4.9 78.3 6.8 7.7 0.6 8.1 30 Tetractine Triactine 54.0 62.9 5.3 75.6 6.8 7.2 0.6 8.1 30 Apical 29.7 46.8 11.7 75.6 5.4 5.7 0.6 6.8 20 Tripod 62.1 74.7 9.8 91.8 8.1 9.4 1.3 12.2 30

UFRJPOR 7162 (P) Triactine 43.2 65.8 5.7 72.9 6.8 7.7 0.6 8.1 30 Tetractine Triactine 51.3 63.8 6.0 75.6 5.4 7.2 0.8 8.1 30 Apical 37.8 50.1 8.1 59.4 5.4 5.9 0.8 8.1 20 Tripod 62.1 76.6 13.6 124.2 8.1 9.7 1.5 14.9 30 Triactines: Equiangular and equiradiate. Actines are conical, straight with sharp tips ( Fig 4 C). Tetractines: Equiangular and equiradiate but sagittal tetractines are present surrounding the oscula. Actines are mainly conical and straight, with sharp tips ( Figs 4 D, E). The apical actine shows only three equidistant spines radially disposed in one row in its last third ( Fig 4 F).

Tripods: Equiangular and equiradiate or subregular. They are similar to large and stout triactines ( Fig 4 G). Ecology. This species lives in shaded habitats, such as crevices, from 1 to 15 m of depth. It was frequently found associated with bryozoans and other sponges.

Distribution. São Pedro e São Paulo Archipelago and Rio de Janeiro State (see the Remarks).

Remarks. Borojevia trispinata sp. nov. has always three spines radially disposed in one row on the apical actine of the tetractines, and the presence of these three spines differentiates it from all the other species of Borojevia . we found, however, that specimens of B. trispinata sp. nov. from Rio de Janeiro State were previously erroneously identified as B. aspina ( Azevedo & Klautau 2007; Klautau et al. 2013; Imesek et al. 2014; Azevedo et al. 2015; Lanna & Klautau, 2016), B. aff. aspina ( Rossi et al. 2011) , and B. cf. aspina (Klautau et al. 2016) . Despite those wrong identifications, the new species cannot be mistaken with B. aspina because the latter either has no spines or has only tiny vestigial spines distributed mainly along the distal portion of the actine ( Azevedo & Klautau 2007; Klautau et al. 2013).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Borojevia trispinata sp. nov. A—Holotype after fixation (arrow indicates a water-collecting tube). B—Section. C—Triactine. D, E—Tetractines. F—Detail of the apical actine (ap) of a tetractine with spines. G—Tripod.