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SUPPORTING INFORMATION Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher’s web-site.

File S1. Includes geological information, the character list used for the parsimony analysis, supplementary figures and tables.

Appendix S1. Character list used for the parsimony analysis directly taken from Marramà et al. (2020).

Figure S1. The strict consensus tree (tree length of 239 steps, consistency index 0.55, retention index 0.85) of the 13 most parsimonious trees obtained from the parsimony analysis.

Figure S2. Selected morphology-based phylogenetic hypotheses showing the varying topologies and the position the representatives of the order Rhinopristiformes sensu Last et al. (2016a) .

Figure S3. Selected molecule-based phylogenetic hypotheses showing the varying topologies and the position the representatives of the order Rhinopristiformes sensu Last et al. (2016a) .

Table S1. Morphometric and meristic data for the examined specimens of † Pseudorhinobatos dezignii and † Eorhinobatos primaevus from the Bolca Lagerstätten. Values marked with asterisk are estimated.

Table S2. List of the character transformations supporting the main batoid clades shown in Figure 2 in the main text.

Table S3. Comparative morphometric and meristic data used to discriminate living and fossil genera of the family Rhinobatidae .

File S2. Includes the nexus file with the characters and OTUs used for the phylogenetic analyses.