Karnekampia sulcata ( Müller, 1776 ), Muller, 1776

Negri, Mauro Pietro & Corselli, Cesare, 2016, Bathyal Mollusca from the cold-water coral biotope of Santa Maria di Leuca (Apulian margin, southern Italy), Zootaxa 4186 (1), pp. 1-97 : 25

Karnekampia sulcata ( Müller, 1776)

Fig. 4 n–q

Pecten sulcatus Müller, 1776 (p. 248, n. 2995).

Pecten bruei Payraudeau, 1826 (p. 78, pl. 2, figs. 10–14).

Pecten sulcatus Müller—Jeffreys 1879 (p. 557).

Chlamys (?) bruei (Payr.) — Sacco 1897 (p. 9, pl. 1, figs. 31–33).

Chlamys bruei Payraudeau—Hidalgo 1917 (p. 230).

Chlamys sulcata sulcata ( Müller, 1776) — Nordsieck 1969 (p. 51, pl. 8, fig. 33.04). Chlamys bruei bruei ( Payraudeau, 1826) — Nordsieck 1969 (p. 51, pl. 8, fig. 33.06–33.08). Karnekampia bruei ( Payraudeau, 1826) — Wagner 1988 (p. 42, fig. 1); Giannuzzi-Savelli et al. 2001 (p. 192, figs. 398–399). Karnekampia sulcata ( Müller, 1776) — Wagner 1988 (p. 42, fig. 2); Oliver et al. 2016 (online resource). Chlamys (Karnekampia) bruei ( Payraudeau, 1826) — Cossignani et al. 1992 (fig. 289). Chlamys bruei ( Payraudeau, 1826) — Poppe & Goto 1993 (p. 60, pl. 7, fig. 4); Salas 1996 (p. 55). Mimachlamys bruei ( Payraudeau, 1826) — Repetto et al. 2005 (p. 300, top right fig). Pseudamussium sulcatum ( O.F. Müller, 1776) —Mastrototaro et al. 2010 (fig. 5 l).

Diagnostic characters. Fan-shaped shell; strongly sculptured, unequal auricles; anterior right auricle moderately long, with spiny dorsal projections; right valve with weakly nodulose bi- or trifurcate radial ribs, smaller intervening riblets, superimposed cordlets overall, and commarginal lamellae in the interspaces; left valve similarly scupltured but for not subdivided main ribs and more numerous intercalate riblets; divergent microscuplture more evident over the umbonal area and in the interspaces; colour pattern variable from orange to purple, often in concentric bands. Prodissoconch: shell type ST-2A; P-2 length about 210 µm; P-1 either ca. 70 or 90 µm (right valve); P-2 surface smooth, outline ellipsoidal, weakly inequilateral, slightly more extended in posteroventral direction; P-1 surface partly worn, apparently smooth; transition to the nepioconch well marked, somewhat steplike.

Remarks. Karnekampia bruei ( Payraudeau, 1826) , sometimes cited as either a separate taxon or a subspecies/ variety of K. sulcata , is herein regarded as a synonym of the present species (CLEMAM 2016).

Occurrence. Box-corer samples BC05 (1 specimen), BC11 (4), BC22 (3), BC41 (4), BC66 (5), BC67 (4), BC70 (1), BC71 (22), BC72 (23); cores BC67 (1), BC72 (4). Maximum height: 19 mm.

Distribution and habitat. The species ranges from Iceland and Norway to NW Africa, Cape Verde and the Mediterranean, dwelling from circalittoral to bathyal depths on sand and mud, being often associated with cold water coral reefs as well as deep populations of Corallium rubrum ( Poppe & Goto 1993; Crocetta & Spanu 2008; Oliver et al. 2016). It was regarded as a preferential characteristic element of CB (deep-sea white corals) biocoenosis ( Pérès & Picard 1964, sub Chlamys bruei ; Di Geronimo 1979[a]; Di Geronimo & Bellagamba 1985). In the Santa Maria di Leuca CWC biotope, it was found on muddy bottoms around coral colonies, being a new record in the NW Ionian Sea (Mastrototaro et al. 2010).

Fossil record. Plio-Pleistocene of England, Belgium and Italy ( Sacco 1897; Di Geronimo & Bellagamba 1985; Barrier et al. 1987; Di Geronimo & La Perna 1997; Monegatti & Raffi 2001).

Figures

FIGURE 4. a – c: Bathyarca pectunculoides (Scacchi, 1835); RV (a, b) and LV (c), sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (a – b), 0.1 mm (c, prodissoconch); d – f: Bathyarca philippiana (Nyst, 1848); LV, sample BC 04, scale bars: 2 mm (d – e), 0.1 mm (f, prodissoconch); g – i: Dacrydium hyalinum (Monterosato, 1875); LV, sample BC 72, scale bars: 1 mm (g – h), 0.1 mm (i, prodissoconch); j – m: Pseudamussium peslutrae? (Linnaeus, 1771); LV, sample BC 67, scale bars: 2 mm (j – k), 0.1 mm (l, prodissoconch), 0.05 mm (m, P – 1 detail); n – q: Karnekampia sulcata (Müller, 1776); RV (o – q) and LV (n), sample BC 72, scale bars: 5 mm (n – p), 0.1 mm (q, prodissoconch).