Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum nippon Temm., 1835

Andersen, Knud, 1905, On some Bats of the Genus Rhinolophus, with Remarks on their Mutual Affinities, and Descriptions of Twenty-six new Forms., Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 2, pp. 75-145 : 110-111

4 a. Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum nippon Temm.

Rhinolophus nippon Temminck , Mon. Mamm. ii. 8 ‘ monogr. (1835) p. 30 «; Temminck & Schlegel, Fauna Japonica (1842), p. 14, pl. iii. figs., 2; Peters, MB. Akad. Berlin, 1871, p. 312.

Rhinolophus ferrum-equinum (partim) Dobson, Cat. Chir. Brit. Mus. (1878) p. 119.

Diagnosis. Size moderate, horse-shoe very broad. Skull small, but with rather broad nasal swellings; tooth-rows very short.

Details.—(1) Compared with tragatus: On an average (as a rule also absolutely) markedly smaller: forearm 57 ’ 2-59’3 mm. ( tragatus : 59-63); but the horse-shoe is, nevertheless, of the same excessive breadth: 9-9'5 mm. ( tragatus : 8 ’ 8-9 ’ 7), Skull considerably smaller and narrower, but ’(in conformance with the broad horse-shoe) with rather broad nasal swellings: comparatively as broad as in tragatus , but, owing to the smaller size of the skull, not absolutely so. Teeth markedly smaller, the tooth-rows shorter.

(2) Compared with regulus: Of approximately the same size (or nippon rather smaller), but horse-shoe considerably broader: 9-9 ’ 5 mm. (regulus: 8 ’ 2-8 ’ 8). Skull generally smaller and narrower, but nasal swellings, nevertheless, quite as broad as in regulus (comparatively, therefore, decidedly broader). Toothrows markedly shorter.

(3) Compared with the western races: The broad horse-shoe pi-events it from being confused with any of the western forms.

Colour. As in adult individuals of ferrum-equinum from Europe *. No quite young specimens examined.

Dentition (5 skulls). In two skulls p3 is present on both sides; in two (teeth unworn) on one side only; in one (teeth very slightly worn) lost, but the alveoli not quite obliterated, p2 is present in all skulls examined. The cingula of the upper canine and p4 not only less completely overlap than is generally the case in the other races, but in one skull the two teeth are very slightly, in one quite distinctly, separated. This dentition is decidedly more primitive than in the western neighbours of this race, tragatus and regulus.

Distribution. S. China (Shanghai). Pt. Hamilton. Japan.

Remarks. I find the examples from Shanghai and Pt. Hamilton (S. of Korea) indistinguishable from those from Japan.