Thyridosmylus Krüger, 1913a

Winterton, Shaun L., Martins, Caleb Califre, Makarkin, Vladimir, Ardila-Camacho, Adrian & Wang, Yongjie, 2019, Lance lacewings of the world (Neuroptera: Archeosmylidae, Osmylidae, Saucrosmylidae): review of living and fossil genera, Zootaxa 4581 (1), pp. 1-99 : 68

Thyridosmylus Krüger, 1913a

( Figs 45–47 )

(= Centrolysmus Navás, 1917: 15 . Type species: Osmylus perspicilliaris Gerstaecker, 1884: 46 )

(= Heliosmylus Krüger, 1915b: 80 . Type species: Glenosmylus kruegeri, Esben-Petersen, 1914: 269 ) syn. nov.

Type species. Osmylus langii McLachlan, 1870: 197 (by original designation).

Diagnosis. Ocelli present, wings ovate, posterior margin sometimes straight to weakly falcate with apex slightly angular; FW typically with extensive dark markings and suffusions, some of these forming large macula and fenestrations, numerous crossveins bordered with brown; FW costal area slightly broader basally, veinlets simple, rarely with occasional forked veinlet; Sc and RA closely approximated along length in both wings, lacking intermittent dark banding in sc-r area; FW RP stem relatively short; RP with 10–15 branches in both wings, crossveins numerous and semi-regularly arranged basally, more regular arrangement distally with outer gradate series distinct from other crossveins, inner gradate series sometimes not distinct from basal crossveins; endtwigging regular and close to wing margin in radial and medial fields of both wings, end-twigging less extensive in cubital field; FW with only one m-cu crossvein before M fork (rarely more); FW without embossed bulla; female spermatheca variable, simple or with a complex of tubular accessory glands.

Comments. Kimmins (1942) incorrectly cited C. epiphanes Navás as the type species of Centrolysmus and considered O. perspicillaris to be congeneric with O. langii , but since he did not cite the correct type species the synonymy of Centrolysmus with Thyridosmylus was not formalised ( Oswald & Penny, 1991). Glenosmylus kruegeri Esben-Petersen was originally placed in Glenosmylus and then as the type of Heliosmylus by Krüger (1915). It was subsequently moved to Spilosmylus by Kuwayama (1962) but is herein placed in Thyridosmylus based on the forewing having a single m-cu crossvein combined with the extensive markings and faint fenestrations. Wang et al. (2011) investigated the phylogeny of the genus using morphology. Based on the placement of Malagasy species placed more basally in the phylogeny to the more species-rich Oriental members, they suggested that the genus evolved in Gondwanaland prior to rafting on the Indian subcontinent to subsequently diversify in the Oriental region during the Tertiary. A similar process has been suggested by Bakkes et al. (2018) based on molecular and morphological data for some genera of Psychopsidae with connections between the Afrotropical and the Oriental regions.

Figures

FIGURE 45. Spilosmylinae. Thyridosmylus paralangi Wang et al. (photo: Shaun L. Winterton).

FIGURE 46. Spilosmylinae. Thyridosmylus paralangi Wang et al.

FIGURE 47. Spilosmylinae. Thyridosmylus pustulatus Kimmins.