Sesuvium verrucosum, Raf.

Bohley, Katharina, Winter, Pieter J. D. & Kadereit, Gudrun, 2017, Data from: A revision of Sesuvium (Aizoaceae, Sesuvioideae), Data in brief 48 (1), pp. 109071-109071 : 144-146

SESUVIUM VERRUCOSUM Raf., New Fl. [Rafinesque] 4, 16. 1836. FNA vol. 4. 2003.

— TYPE: U. S. A., Salt River, Arkansas, Nuttall s. n. (neotype, P, P00680440 digital image!, designated here); A. C. Sanders 23186 (epitype, BRIT, designated here) . In the description there is only the information that the material was sent to the author from Yazou and Salt River in Arkansas and the Chacta Country.

S. erectum Correll, Rhodora 68: 421. 1966.— TYPE: U. S. A., Texas: Kenedy County, 40 km S of Sarita along U. S. St. 77, 12 Jul 1957, Correll & Johnston 17868 (holotype: LL!).

Procumbent, perennial and often much-branched herb with a dense cover of bladder cells (except inner parts of flowers, lateral flaps, bracts); thick reddish taproot, often much longer than above ground parts of the plant; older plants lignify at the base; internodes (greyish-) green, up to 3 mm in diam. Leaves 5–30 mm long, oblong to oblanceolate, often with retuse apices, sometimes linear, petiolate (3–6 mm), slightly greyish-green (due to bladder cells), mostly flat but succulent. Bracts in one pair, triangular, ca. 1 mm long. Flowers 7–10 mm long, sessile, bright pink or violet. Stamens numerous, often magenta with white pollen. Ovary with 3(–5) carpels and the same number of free styles. Fruit a beehive-shaped or ovoid capsule, usually many-seeded. Seeds around 1 mm long, rounded-reniform, black, lustrous, and slightly iridescent.

Distribution and Habitat — S. oerrucosum is found in Mexico and the western states of the U. S. A. (AZ, CA, KS, MS, NM, NV, OK, OR, TX, UT), sometimes also in Argentina and Peru ( Fig. 13). It may occur in further countries of Central and Southern America. Introduced as an ornamental in Saudi Arabia and also reported from Kish Island in Southern Iran ( Fadaie et al. 2006). The species grows in saline areas (e.g. salt flats) and on sandy soil, often on gypsum or alkaline soil. It acts as a pioneer species on salt plains ( Ungar 1968). It occurs mostly farther inland than S. portulacastrum .

Notes — A large number of flowers are often observed simultaneously on the same individual, apparently clustered on distal shoots. In the greenhouse, fruit set by self-pollination and vegetative propagation via suckers were observed. The species seems to show local phenotypes that differ more or less from one another in leaf shape and size but are nevertheless easily recognizable as S. oerrucosum. Since the description of S. sessile does not explicitly reflect the current understanding of the name and the two species are morphologically almost identical (with only slight differences in size), we treat most material of S. sessile as S. oerrucosum and put the name S. sessile into synonymy with S. portulacastrum . We designate an epitype for S. oerrucosum to enable the inclusion of type material in phylogenetic studies.

Vernacular Names — Western sea purslane; Verrucose sea purslane.

Representative Specimens Examined — ARGENTINA. Buenos Aires: near Chascomus, ca. 35°32′27.6972″S, 57°54′04.9752″W, 17 Dec 1983, A. D. Zimmerman 2156 (TEX).

MEXICO. Baja California: El Tomatal (Miller’ s Landing), SW of Rosario, road from Hwy 1, ca. 28°30'N, 114°04'W, 23 Jul 1990, Thorne et al. 63890 (TEX); 27.4 km N of Villa Jesus Maria, near Miller's Landing, ca. 28°30'N, 114°04'W, 30 Mar 1977, G. L. Webster 21690 (MEXU); Isla Rasa, valley between sea and hills of Piedras, 02 Jul 1982, R. Medellín & C. Equihua 8 (MEXU); 0.8–3.2 km NE of village Los Angeles Bay, ca. 28°58′41.8728″N, 113°32′47.9832″W, 17 May 1959, I. L. & D. B. Wiggins 14865 (CAS, TEX); Laguna Salada, 28 km W of Mexicali, ca. 32°22′ 31.1592″N, 115°32′50.3988″W, 28 Aug 1982, H. Flores et al. 270 (MO); Bahia de Los Angeles, S coast, ca. 28°53′23.7228″N, 113°30′43.6140″W, 13 Mar 1992, P. Fritsch et al. 1315 (TEX); W coast of Isla San Francisco, 24°49'N, 110°36'W, 7 Dec 1959, I. L. Wiggins et al. 402 (CAS). Baja California Sur: Laguna San Ignacio, barrier dunes at W side of lagoon, ca. 26°51′ 04.8060″N, 113°12′18.0468″W, 02–03 Feb 1985, R. F. Thorne 58507 (MEXU); Arroya near Malarrimo Beach, Vizcaino peninsula, 04 Mar 1986, D. E. Breedlooe 62540 (CAS); 119 km NW of Loreto (road Loreto-Santa Rosalía), ca. 26°58′30.8820″N, 112°03′23.7564″W, 20 Aug 1982, H. Flores et al. 240 (MO). Chihuahua: Reserva de la Biosfera de Mapimí, Laguna Palomas, 26°51′51.998″N, 103°54′50.975″W, 06 Jul 1997, A. García 2617 (MEXU); 104.6 km (linear distance) SW of Cd. Juarez; 10.4 km (road) N von Guzman, ca. 31°19′59.9988″N, 107°28′00.0012″W, 14 Sep 1974, J. Henrickson 14102 (TEX); Bajio El Gringo, S part of La Perla-Ojinaga Hwy, 24 km N from where it meets Camargo-Jimenez Hwy, ca. 27°48'N, 104°52'W, 29 Sep 1972, F. Chiang et al. 9586 (MO, TEX); 8 km NE of Ascencion, ca. 31°09'N, 107°55'W, 20 Aug 1972, F. Chiang et al. 8736 (MO). Coahuila: Dunas de Bilbao, 25°25′0.001″N, 101°55′59.987″W, 30 Sep 2004, M. A. Carranza & I. Ramirez C-4351 (MEXU); 6 km E of Celemania (between Nadadores and Sacramento), ca. 27°2′0.042″N, 101°38′0.168″W, 25 May 1973, M. C. Johnston et al. 11229 A (LL); Escobedo, 40 km N of Monclova, Carr. 57, junction Estación Hermanas, ca. 27°14′07.8504″N, 101°24′46.6200″W, 04 May 1989, J. A. Villarreal & R. Vasquez 4845 (MEXU); Cuatrociénegas, Poza de la Becerra, ca. 26°52′ 59.9988″N, 102°07′00.0012″W, 26 Oct 1985, J. A. Villareal et al. 3204 (MEXU, TEX); ca. 19, 3 km E of Cuatro Ciénegas, ca. 27°01′16.3452″N, 101°45′44.0568″W, 20 May 1972, Poaeell & Turner 2279 (TEX); along road from St.Vincente SW (c. 11 km) towards southern end of Laguna de Jaco, 09 Sep 1940, I. M. Johnston & C. H.Muller 1095 (TEX).; Bolson de Cuatro Cienegas, gypsum flat W of Pozo Becerra, ca. 26°59′00.0708″N, 102°02′ 00.3120″W, 23 Aug 1987, D. Bogler & T. Atkins 61 (TEX); 4.3 km W of Cuatro Cienegas along Anteojo canal, ca. 800 m E of Cienega Anteojo, ca. 26°58′57.8676″N, 102°04′19.6644″W, 25 Sep 1974, H. Henrickson 14279 (TEX); ca. 48 km (linear distance) S of W of Ocampo at NE edge of Laguna de Leche, ca. 3.2 km S of Ocampo-Sierra Mojada road, ca. 27°15′ 45.2340″N, 102°56′36.9996″W, 20 Sep 2004, Henrickson 24081 (TEX); 2 km S of Primero de Mayo on gypsum at road side W of Hwy 57, ca. 27°11′ 00.3012″N, 101°13′00.1128″W, 16 Oct 2001, Henrickson 22713 (TEX); 13 km SW of Cuatro Cienegas, 26°55′00.0012″N, 102°07′59.9988″W, 11 Jun 1972, F. Chiang et al. 7634 (MO); Ferrino's Laguna, Cuatro Ciénegas Basin, 11 Jun 1968, D. J. Pinkaoa et al. 5415a (CAS); Laguna Salada, Cuatro Ciénegas, ca. 26°54′52.2432″N, 102°00′57.7404″W, 11 Aug 1967, D. J. Pinkaoa et al. 3670 (CAS); Distrito Federal: Colonia Chinampas de Juarez in municipality Iztapalapa, S of Canal de San Juan y Col. Renovación, 19 Sep 1993, H. Vibrans 4583 (MEXU); empty estate in Escatepec, at road parallel to and E of Hwy 85, between Calle Cebhicalos, in housing estate, ca. 19°36′08.9568″N, 99°03′09.8424″W, 02 Aug 1979, M. A. Lane & J. E. Pryxell 2561 (TEX); Hidalgo: 5 km N of Ixmiquilpan, to Orizabita, 20°33′ 52.7508″N, 99°12′43.3296″W, 18 Nov 1981, R. Hernándes M.6632 (MO). Guerrero: Isla Tejon, Laguna de Mitla, ca. 16°59′50.5212″N, 100°13′ 18.9120″W, 03 Mar 1985, L. L. Perez 297 (MEXU); NW of Isla Magueyes, Laguna de Mitla, 05 Jul 1985, L. L. Perez 427 (MEXU); Boca de Mitla, Laguna de Mitla, mun. Coyuca de Benitez, ca. 17°01′10.8912″N, 100°15′ 07.0596″W, 07 Jul 1985, L. L. Perez 500 (MEXU). Jalisco: 3 km W of Atoyac, ca. 20°00′55.4832″N, 103°33′07.5888″W, 05 Dec 1993, M. Chazáro B. & R. Aceoedo R. 7223 (MEXU); Laguneta del Río Chamela, 50 m from sea, 03 Aug 1979, M. Gonzáles G. 176 (MEXU); México: Carr. MéxicoNuevo Laredo # 85, 24 km from exit to Teotihuacán, 03 Jul 1992, E. Huerta 4 (B); 5 km W of Chaping, Lago de Texcoco, ca. 19°29′50.4276″N, 98°55′34.3920″W, 25 Apr 1980, A. Hernández R. 670 (TEX); Michoacán: ca. 2 km from Jéruco, road to Hundacareo, Cuitzeo, 27 Aug 2005, E. Carranza & I. Siloa 7049 (MEXU); S of Lago Cuitzeo, near bridge MoreliaCuitzeo, 14 Apr 2000, S. Zamudio & S. Gonzáles 11365 (MEXU); San Agustin del pulque, N shore of Lago de Cuitzeo, 19°57′15.0012″N, 101°04′23.9988″W, 01 Nov 1986, J. Rojas M. 221 (MEXU, MO).

An extended list of examined specimens for S. oerrucosum can be found in the online Appendix S1.