Stethantyx heredia Khalaim et Broad

Khalaim, Andrey I. & Broad, Gavin R., 2013, Tersilochinae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) of Costa Rica, part 2. Genera Megalochus gen. nov. and Stethantyx Townes, Zootaxa 3693 (2), pp. 221-266 : 243-246

Stethantyx heredia Khalaim et Broad , sp. nov.

( Figs 4 , 12 , 34–36 )

Comparison. Differs from other species of Stethantyx by the combination of the black flagellum, orange mesosoma, black head with yellowish face ( Fig. 12 ), and propodeum with basal keel and anteriorly pointed apical area ( Fig. 36 ).

Description. Female. Body length about 8.2 mm. Fore wing length 4.9 mm.

Head strongly rounded behind eyes in dorsal view; temple 0.41× as long as eye width. Mandible with upper tooth much longer than lower tooth. Clypeus broad, lenticular, flat or very weakly convex in lateral view, smooth, with sparse punctures on its upper half. Malar space about 0.35× as long as basal width of mandible. Flagellum of antenna with 29–35 flagellomeres (34 flagellomeres in holotype); basal and mid flagellomeres usually slightly elongate, subapical flagellomeres subsquare to slightly transverse. Inner eye orbits subparallel. Face with central prominence. Face, frons and vertex very finely granulate, densely and finely punctate. Temple with moderate dense fine punctures, smooth and shining between punctures.

Notaulus as tubercle distant from anterolateral margin of mesoscutum ( Figs 34, 35 ). Mesoscutum finely granulate, finely and densely punctate, dorsally almost smooth between punctures. Scutellum with lateral longitudinal carinae extending to posterior c. 0.8 ( Fig. 35 ). Foveate groove of mesopleuron situated in anterior 0.6 of mesopleuron, oblique, broad and rather deep, with wrinkles anteriorly usually reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron ( Fig. 34 ). Mesopleuron distinctly and densely punctate, smooth and shining between punctures. Propodeum finely granulate, dorsolateral area also finely punctate, with short wrinkles adjacent to all carinae ( Fig. 36 ). Propodeum usually with strong basal keel which is 0.31× as long as apical area ( Fig. 36 ); sometimes basal keel indistinct and propodeum dorsally with groove or few longitudinal wrinkles. Propodeal spiracle rather big, separated from pleural carina by 0.5× diameter of spiracle. Apical area flat, anteriorly usually pointed or narrowly rounded ( Fig. 36 ), but sometimes broadly rounded.

Fore wing ( Fig. 4 ) with veins Rs +2 r and Rs angled about 125°. Vein 2 rs-m almost twice as long as abscissa of M between 2 rs-m and 2 m-cu. Hind wing with cu 1& cu-a distinctly inclivous. Hind femur 4.45× as long as broad, 0.83× as long as tibia.

First tergite 3.83× as long as posteriorly broad, entirely smooth. Glymma situated slightly behind middle of tergite 1, moderate sized, isolated or with very shallow furrow joining ventral part of postpetiole. Second tergite almost 1.9× as long as anteriorly broad. Thyridial depression more than 4.0× as long as broad. Ovipositor weakly upcurved, with shallow dorsal subapical depression; sheath about 1.7× as long as first tergite and about 1.55× as long as hind tibia.

Head black; face yellowish to reddish brown, always distinctly paler than remaining black head ( Fig. 12 ); malar space, clypeus, palpi and mandible (teeth blackish) yellow. Scape and pedicel of antenna brown, ventrally yellowish, flagellum black. Mesosoma brownish orange, propleuron and anterior margin of pronotum yellowish, tegula yellowish to dark brown. Fore and mid legs yellowish orange, tibiae slightly infuscate, fore and sometimes also mid coxae and trochanters whitish. Hind leg with coxa, trochanters and femur brownish orange (sometimes femur brownish), tibia and tarsus brownish, infuscate. Pterostigma and metasomal segment 1 black. Metasoma behind tergite 1 predominantly brownish yellow, tergite 2 and basal half of tergite 3 dorsally dark brown to black, tergites 4+ dorsally usually brownish.

Male. Malar space shorter. Flagellum usually with 33–37 flagellomeres, all flagellomeres usually elongate. Foveate groove of mesopleuron weaker, anteriorly without distinct wrinkles reaching anterior margin of mesopleuron. Mesosoma lighter than in female, predominantly yellowish to yellowish orange, dorsally brownish orange, sometimes propodeum reddish brown, conspicuously darker than rest mesosoma. Metasoma behind tergite 1 dorsally more or less entirely dark brown to black, or sometimes metasoma almost entirely dark brown.

Variation. This species is rather variable in the structure of the propodeum and colour pattern. Some specimens have the propodeum with the basal keel indistinct, substituted by two or more longitudinal wrinkles and/ or a shallow groove; apical area in such specimens is sometimes broadly rounded anteriorly. One female from Sector Cerro Cocori in Limón Prov. has tergite 2 short, only 1.6× as long as anteriorly broad. Some dark males have the face only slightly paler than the remaining black head. Some small males have the propodeum reddish brown, conspicuously darker than the remaining yellowish to reddish-orange mesosoma.

Etymology. Named after the type locality, Heredia province of Costa Rica.

Material examined. Holotype female (BMNH), Heredia Prov., Braulio Carrillo National Park, 9.5 km E of El Tunel, 1000 m, V–VI.1990, coll. I.D. Gauld.

Paratypes. Alajuela Prov.: Guanacaste National Park, Estación Pitilla, 680 m, coll. I.D. Gauld & P. Mitchell: 1 Ƥ & 1 3 (BMNH) V.1988, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) VI.1988, 2 Ƥ (BMNH) VIII.1988, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) I.1989. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) Finca San Gabriel, 2 km W of Dos Ríos, 600 m, VII.1988, coll. I.D. Gauld & P. Mitchell. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) Los Chiles, Aguas Zarcas, 600 m, in coffee, XI.1989. 2 Ƥ (INBio) Sector San Ramón, Dos Ríos de Upala, 620 m, I–II.1995, coll. F.A. Quesada. 1 Ƥ (ZISP) Sector Colonia Palmareña, 9 km SE of Bajo Rodriguez, 700 m, I.1997, coll. G. Carballo. 1 Ƥ (INBio) National Park Arenal, Sector Cerro Chato, 1100 m, V.2001, coll. G. Carballo. 2 Ƥ (INBio) National Park Arenal, San Carlos, 600–650 m, II–III.1999, VII.2001, coll. G. Carballo. 5 Ƥ (INBio) Sector Cerro Chato, 1100 m, I–II.1998, coll. G. Carballo. 1 Ƥ (INBio) same data, but La Fortuna, II–III.1998. National Park Volcán Tenorio, Estación El Pilón, 700–800 m, coll. J.A. Azofeifa: 1 3 (INBio) VII.2003, 1 Ƥ (INBio) II–III.2006, 4 Ƥ (3 Ƥ INBio, 1 Ƥ ZISP) VI–VII.2006. 1 Ƥ (INBio) Grecia, Bosque del Niño, Sendero Circular, 1900–2000 m, VI.2007, coll. R. González et al. 1 Ƥ (INBio) Caño Negro, 20 m, II.1994, coll. K.L. Martínez. Guanacaste Prov.: 7 Ƥ (BMNH) Guanacaste National Park, Estación Pitilla, 680 m, IV.1989, coll. I.D. Gauld. 12 Ƥ & 1 3 (BMNH) same data, but V.1989. Guanacaste National Park, Estación Mengo (=Cacao), volcano Cacao, 1000 m, coll. I.D. Gauld & D. Janzen: 1 Ƥ (BMNH) I–V.1987, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) V–XII.1987, 2 Ƥ (BMNH) I–V.1988, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) VII.1988, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) VIII.1988, 6 Ƥ (BMNH) IX.1988, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) X.1988, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) XII.1988, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) II–V.1989. Guanacaste National Park, Estación (Casa) Maritza, volcano Orosi, 560 m, coll. I.D. Gauld & P. Mitchell: 1 Ƥ (BMNH) IV–V.1988, 2 Ƥ (BMNH) V.1988, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) VI.1988, 5 Ƥ (BMNH) X.1988, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) IV–V.1989, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) VII–VIII.1989, 2 Ƥ (BMNH) 1989. 2 Ƥ (BMNH), volcano Orosi, 800 m, VI.1986, coll. Mariksa & I.D. Gauld. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) Santa Rosa National Park, V–VI.1986, coll. D. Janzen & I.D. Gauld. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) same data, but VII–VIII.1986. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) same locality, V–VIII.1984, coll. D. Janzen & W. Hallwachs. National Park Guanacaste, 9 km S of Santa Cecilia , Estación Pitilla, 700 m, coll. C. Moraga, P. Ríos & E. Araya: 4 Ƥ (INBio) XI.1991, 1 Ƥ (INBio) I.1992, 13 Ƥ & 1 3 (INBio) III.1992, 1 3 (INBio) III–IV.1992, 2 Ƥ (INBio) VII–VIII.1992, 4 Ƥ (3 Ƥ INBio, 1 Ƥ ZISP) IX–X.1992, 1 3 (INBio) IV–V.1993, 1 Ƥ & 1 3 (1 Ƥ INBio, 1 3 ZISP) VIII.1993, 3 Ƥ (INBio) IX.1993, 2 Ƥ (INBio) X.1993, 3 Ƥ & 1 3 (INBio) II.1994, 2 Ƥ (INBio) VIII.1994, 2 Ƥ (INBio) I.1995, 4 Ƥ (INBio) III.1995. Sector San Ramón, 4.75 km WSW of Dos Ríos de Upala, 860 m, 1996, coll. F.A. Quesada & D. Briceño: 1 Ƥ & 1 3 (1 Ƥ ZISP, 1 3 INBio) I–III, 3 3 (INBio) IV–V, 1 3 (INBio) V–VI, 1 Ƥ (INBio) VI–VII, 1 3 (ZISP) VII–VIII, 1 Ƥ (INBio) VIII–IX. 1 Ƥ (INBio) Macizo Miravalles, Estación Cabro Muco, 1100 m, VI–VII.2003, coll. J.A. Azofeifa et al. National Park Rincón de la Vieja, Estación Las Pailas, 800 m, coll. K.E. Taylor & D.G. García: 1 Ƥ (INBio) IX.1993, 1 Ƥ (INBio) X.1993, 1 Ƥ (INBio) I.1994, 1 Ƥ (INBio) VIII.1994. 1 3 (INBio) Las Pailas, 2.75 km S of Cerro Braun, 1250 m, II.1996, coll. J.A. Ugalde. 1 Ƥ (INBio) Las Pailas, 4 km S of Cerro Braun, 1100 m, VI.1996, coll. O. Espinoza & G. Sihezar. 1 3 (ZISP) Arenal, Río San Lorenzo, Tierras Morenas, 1050 m, IX.1993, coll. G. Rodríguez. 4 Ƥ (INBio) Guanacaste National Park, Estación Mengo (=Cacao), SW of volcano Cacao, 1000–1400 m, V–VI.1991. 1 Ƥ (INBio) same data, but SE of volcano Cacao, III–VIII.1990. Heredia Prov.: 1 Ƥ (BMNH) same data as holotype. 2 Ƥ (BMNH) Chilamate, Selva Verde, 75 m, IX–X.1989, coll. I.D. Gauld. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) same data, but XII.1989 – III.1990. 5 Ƥ & 1 3 (BMNH) La Selva Biological Station, 3 km S of Puerto Viejo, 10º26ʹ N, 84º01ʹ W, second grouth, IV.1989, coll. H.A. Hespenheide. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) same data, but primary rain forest, V.1988, coll. B.V. Brown. Limón Prov.: 16 km W of Guápiles, edge of Braulio Carrillo National Park, 400 m, coll. I.D. Gauld: 3 Ƥ (BMNH) II.1989, 7 Ƥ (BMNH) III.1989, 7 Ƥ (BMNH) IV.1989, 6 Ƥ (BMNH) IV–V.1989, 2 Ƥ (BMNH) V.1989, 2 Ƥ (BMNH) VIII–IX.1989, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) III– V.1990. 2 Ƥ (BMNH, INBio) Tortuguero National Park, Estación Cuatro Esquinas, 0–10 m, IX–X.1989, coll. J. Solano. 1 Ƥ (INBio) La Selva Biological Station, 3 km S of Puerto Viejo, 10º26ʹ N, 84º01ʹ W, 50–150 m, IV.1991. 1 Ƥ (INBio) same data, but II–IV.1993, coll. P. Hanson. 2 Ƥ (INBio) same data, but secondary forest, VI and XII.1993. 1 Ƥ (INBio) Río Sardinas, Barra del Colorado Wildlife Refuge, 10 m, II.1994, coll. F.V. Araya. 2 Ƥ (INBio) Biological Reserve Hitoy Cerere, Estación Hitoy Cerere, 100 m, XII.1992, XI.1993, coll. G. Carballo. Sector Cerro Cocori, Francisca de Elías Rojas, 150 m, coll. E. Rojas: 1 Ƥ (INBio) I.1992, 1 Ƥ (INBio) IV–V.1992, 2 Ƥ (INBio) VI–VII.1992, 1 Ƥ (INBio) X.1992, 2 Ƥ (INBio) X–XII.1992. 1 Ƥ (MUCR) 16 km W of Guápiles, 400 m, IV.1989, coll. P. Hanson. Puntarenas Prov.: Las Cruces, 6 km S of San Vito de Java, 1200 m, coll. I.D. Gauld & P. Mitchell: 1 Ƥ (BMNH) IV.1988, 6 Ƥ (BMNH) VII–VIII.1988, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) VIII–IX.1988. 5 Ƥ & 2 3 (4 Ƥ & 1 3 BMNH, 1 Ƥ & 1 3 ZISP) same locality, III.1990, coll. J.S. Noyes. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) San Vito, Las Alturas, 1500 m, VII.1991, coll. K. Gaston. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) Osa Peninsula, 23 km N of Puerto Jiménez, La Palma, 10 m, IX.1991, coll. I.D. Gauld & K. Gaston. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) same data, but X.1992. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) Osa Peninsula, Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve, 3 km SW of Rincón de Osa , 10 m, VIII.1992, coll. I.D. Gauld & K. Gaston. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) Osa Peninsula, Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve, 5 km W of Piedras Blancas, 100 m, IX.1993, coll. I.D. Gauld & K. Gaston. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) Osa Peninsula, Golfo Dulce Forest Reserve, 10 km W Pan-American highway on road to Rincón de Osa , 100 m, VI–VIII.1989, coll. I.D. Gauld. Osa Peninsula, Puerto Jiménez, 10 m, coll. I.D. Gauld & K. Gaston: 1 Ƥ (BMNH) XI.1991, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) VIII.1992, 2 Ƥ (BMNH) IX.1992, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) XI.1992. Osa Peninsula, Cerro Rincón, 745 m, coll. E. Quiros: 1 3 (BMNH) IX.1990, 1 Ƥ & 1 3 (BMNH) X.1990, 8 3 (BMNH) XI.1990, 10 3 (BMNH) XII.1990, 3 Ƥ (BMNH) I.1991, 4 Ƥ & 1 3 (BMNH) II.1991, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) III.1991. 1 Ƥ (BMNH) Monteverde Reserve, 1000 m, IV–V.1984, coll. I.D. Gauld. Path to Cerro Pittier, 600 m NW of Estación Pittier, 1750 m, coll. M. Moraga: 1 Ƥ (INBio) XI.1997, 1 Ƥ (INBio) I.1998, 2 Ƥ (INBio, ZISP) II.1998. 2 Ƥ (INBio) Biological Reserve Carara, Estación Quebrada Bonita, 50 m, I.1993, IX.1994, coll. J.C. Caborío. 2 3 (INBio) same locality, VI.1991, coll. R. Zuñiga. 2 Ƥ (INBio) Sector Altamira , Buenos Aires, 1400 m, VII–VIII.1994, coll. R. Delgado. 1 Ƥ (INBio) Estación Altamira , 1 km S of Cerro Biolley, 1450 m, IX–X.1998, coll. R. Villalobos. 2 3 (INBio) Osa Peninsula, Rancho Quemado, 200 m, X–XI.1992, coll. M. Segura & F.A. Quesada. 1 Ƥ (INBio) San Luis, Biological Reserve Monteverde, II.1993, coll. Z. Fuentes. 1 Ƥ & 1 3 (INBio) Osa Peninsula, Cd. Puerto Cortés, Camino Alta Buena Vista, 860 m, V.2005, coll. J. Gutiérrez et al. Biological Station Las Alturas, Coto Brus, 1500 m, coll. M. Ramirez, E. Sancho & Z. Mumbado: 1 3 (INBio) XI.1991, 1 Ƥ (INBio) I.1992, 1 Ƥ (INBio) VI.1992. 5 Ƥ (4 Ƥ INBio, 1 Ƥ ZISP) same data, but VIII.1992. San Vito, Botanical Garden Las Cruces, 1200 m, coll. P. Hanson: 1 Ƥ (MUCR) VII–VIII.1988, 1 Ƥ & 1 3 (MUCR) XII.1989. 1 Ƥ (INBio) Francisca Cafrosa, Estación Las Mellizas, 1300 m, V.1991, coll. M. Ramirez. San José Prov.: 1 Ƥ (BMNH) San Antonio de Escazú, 1300 m, V.1987, coll. W.G. Eberhard. Same locality, coll. I.D. Gauld: 1 Ƥ & 1 3 (BMNH) V.1988, 5 Ƥ & 7 3 (BMNH) VI.1988, 1 Ƥ (BMNH) VIII.1988. 1 Ƥ (ZISP) Braulio Carrillo National Park, Estación Carrillo, 700 m, II.1993. 1 Ƥ (INBio) Estación Santa Elena, Sendero Jueves 13, 1850 m, VII–VIII.1997, coll. E. Alfaro & M. Segura.

Distribution. Costa Rica ( Alajuela , Guanacaste, Heredia , Limón, Puntarenas, San José).

Figures

FIGURES 1 – 6. Wings of Stethantyx spp., Ƥ: 1 — S. ajajuela sp. nov.; 2 — S. curvator sp. nov.; 3 — S. guanacasteca sp. nov.; 4 — S. heredia sp. nov.; 5 — S. niger sp. nov.; 6 — S. notaulator sp. nov.

FIGURES 11 – 15. Stethantyx alajuela sp. nov., Ƥ: 11 — head, frontal; 14 — whole insect without wings, left. Stethantyx heredia sp. nov., Ƥ: 12 — head, frontal. Stethantyx sanjosea sp. nov., Ƥ: 13 — head, frontal. Stethantyx propodeator sp. nov., Ƥ: 15 — head, mesosoma and first metasomal segment, left.

FIGURES 30 – 35. Stethantyx curvator sp. nov., Ƥ: 30 — propodeum, dorsal. Stethantyx altamira sp. nov., Ƥ: 31 — ovipositor, left. Stethantyx guanacasteca sp. nov., Ƥ: 32 — mesosoma, left; 33 — propodeum, dorsal. Stethantyx heredia sp. nov., Ƥ: 34 — mesosoma, left; 35 — mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 36 – 39. Stethantyx heredia sp. nov., Ƥ: 36 — propodeum, dorsal. Stethantyx niger sp. nov., Ƥ: 37 — mesosoma, left; 38 — propodeum, dorsal. Stethantyx notaulator sp. nov., Ƥ: 39 — upper part of mesosoma, left. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.