Gauromydas heros (Perty)

Calhau, Julia, Lamas, Carlos José Einicker & Nihei, Silvio Shigueo, 2015, Review of the Gauromydas giant flies (Insecta, Diptera, Mydidae), with descriptions of two new species from Central and South America, Zootaxa 4048 (3), pp. 392-411 : 400

Gauromydas heros (Perty)

( Figs 1 C, H, 4J, 5I, 6)

Mydas heros Perty, 1833: 183 , pl. 36, fig. 11. Type-locality: Brazil, Bahia. Westwood, 1841: 50; Walker, 1854: 363; Gerstaecker, 1868: 94; Hunter, 1901: 154 (cat.); Kertész, 1909: 38 (cat.); Zikan, 1942: 1 –7 (biol., descr. of pupa), 1944: 43, figs 1–3, 6; Carrera, 1944: 440; d’Andretta, 1951: 17, figs 3, 29, 61, 62, 66–69, 89, 95, 106–109, 111–113, 136, 139, 151, 187–189, 200–202; Autuori, 1952: 127, 1971: 76 (biol.); Wilcox & Papavero, 1971: figs 1–2, 99–101, 107. Holotype ♂, ZSMC.

Gauromydas heros: Wilcox et al., 1989: 105 (n. comb.); Artigas & Papavero, 1990: figs 43–45 (spermathecae); Papavero & Artigas, 1990: 122 (cat.); Papavero, 2009: 11 (cat.); Papavero & Artigas, 2009: 1, 15, 36, 38, figs 1A,B, 2B, 146, 152–154 (manual).

Mydas praegrandis Austen, 1909: 130 (1910: 17, pl. 15, fig. 4). Type-locality: Brazil, Paraná. Rotschild, 1910: 461 (mimicry with Pepsis heros (Fabricius), 1798 , Hymenoptera , Pompilidae ); Bezzi, 1917: 289 ( Mydas ). Holotype ♀, BMNH.

Diagnosis. Antenna 1.4 times longer than head width; postpedicel often orange, but sometimes with proximal portion black; proximal and distal portions subequal in length; distal portion of postpedicel 5 times longer than wide. Scutum velvety black with four discrete white pruinose stripes (not seen in several old specimens). Male hind femur 2.5 times wider than hind tibia. Hind tibia with well-developed ventral keel and apical spur. Hind tarsomere 1 two times longer than wide, and slightly shorter than tarsomere 5. T1 velvety–black, golden or black setulose, remaining tergites with black setulae. Wing membrane whitish (more often), brown or orange, with apex and posterior margin hyaline; alula higher than wide. T2–7 black, with or without a faint green metallic reflection. Male epandrial lamellae trapezoidal with external posterior extremity distinctly prolonged as a spine; phallic crest and lateral projections conspicuous. Female terminalia with membranous furca ( Fig. 4 I). Length: 32–70 mm.

Distribution ( Fig. 6 , Table 1). Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Goiás, Mato Grosso, Minas Gerais, Paraná, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo), Paraguay (Concepción).

Non-type material examined. BRAZIL. Espírito Santo: Anchieta, R. Baptista col., AAM–001405, AAM– 0 0 1487 (2 ♂, MZUSP); Barra de São Matheos, 14.ix.1927, João Henrique R. col., AAM–001513 (1 ♂, MZUSP); Colatina , 25.iv.1964, C. Elias col., 206604 (1 ♀, DZUP); Colatina , 25.iv.1964, C. Elias col., 206611 (1 ♀, DZUP); Fundão, 01.v.1964, C. Elias col., 206645 (1 ♂, DZUP); Linhares, iii.1978, M.A. Monn col. (1 ♀, MNRJ); Reserva Santa Teresa, AAM–001512 (1 ♂, MZUSP); Santa Teresa, C.T. Elias & C. Elias cols (1 ♀, DZUP); same data, 20.x.1964 (1 ♂, DZUP); same data, 1.i.1967, C.T. Elias & C. Elias cols (1 ♀, DZUP); same data, 28.iii.1967 (1 ♂, DZUP); same data, 5.iv.1967 (4 ♂, DZUP); São João de Petrópolis, iii.1955, P. Teles, F. Oliveira cols (2 ♂, CEIOC); Serra, Jacareípe, 18.ii.1967, C. & C.T. Elias cols (1 ♂, DZUP). Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, 18.iv.1995, F. Borges col., AAM–001554 (1 ♂, UFMT). Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães, Parque Nacional, Mata Ciliar, Trilha da Cachoeira Véu da Noiva, S 15 24' 33,0'' W055 50' 54,9'', Malaise 16, 09.iii-13.iv.2012, Lamas, Nihei & eq. col. (1 ♂, MZUSP). Mato Grosso do Sul: Serra da Bodoquena, Fazenda Califórnia, Topo, S 20 41' 55,9'' W056 52' 49,4'' - Malaise 6 - 21.iii-06.iv.2012, Lamas, Nihei & eq. col., (1 ♀, MZUSP). Minas Gerais: Araxá, 10.iii.1965, C. Elias col. (1 ♀, DZUP); same data, 22.iii.1965 (1 ♀, DZUP); same data, 1.iv.1965 (6 ♂, DZUP); same data, 5.v.1965 (2 ♀, DZUP); same data, 6.v.1965, C. Elias col. (1 ♂, 1 ♀, DZUP); same data, 15.v.1965 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, DZUP); same data, 20.v.1965 (1 ♂, DZUP); Belo Horizonte, Campus UFMG, 3.iv.1996, J.C.R. Fontenelle col. (1 ♂, 1 ♀, Fontenelle); same data, 2.v.1996 (1 ♂, Fontenelle); Belo Horizonte, Lagoa da Pampulha, 14.v.1996, J.C.R. Fontenelle col. (1 ♂, Fontenelle); Cambuquira, ii.1941, Lopes & Gomes cols (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data (2 ♂, MNRJ); Cataguases, 1.iv.1988, C.S. Andrade col. (1 ♂, 1 ♀, DZUP); Caxambu, ii.1971, J. Jurberg, A.L. Peracchi cols (1 ♀, CEIOC); Ingaí, Estação Ecológica do Boqueirão, iv.2009, F. Friero col. (3 ♂, 1 ♀, MZUSP); Lavras, Penido col. (1 ♂, MZUSP); Mar de Espanha, 26.i.1908, J.F. Zikán col. (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 24.ii.1908 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 29.iii.1908 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 28.ii.1909 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 10.iv.1910 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 2.xi.1911 (1 ♂, CEIOC); Marliéria, Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Porto Capim, 8.ii.2003, J.C.R. Fontenelle col. (1 ♂, Fontenelle); same data, 12.iii.2003 (1 ♂, Fontenelle); same data, 2.xi.2011, A.P. Pinto, G. da Silva cols, AAM–001407 (1 ♂, MZUSP); Paracatu, 20.ii.1919, J.F. Zikán col. (1 ♂, CEIOC); Passa Quatro, 24.ii.1922 (1 ♂, CEIOC); Passa Quatro, 13.iv.1922 (1 ♂, MNRJ); Passos, 1.iv.1961 C. Elias, col. (1 ♂, DZUP); same data, 1.v.1961 (1 ♀, DZUP); same data, 1.iv.1962 (1 ♂, DZUP); São João del Rey, 9.iv.1921 (1 ♂, CEIOC); Varginha, iv.1956 (1 ♂, CEIOC); Viçosa, iii.1964, J. Rocha col. (1 ♂, MZUSP). Paraná: Curitiba, 1.xii.1962, S. Laroca col. (1 ♀, DZUP); Paulo Frontin, Matas de Santa Rita, Estrada para Sacra Família, 5.ii.1956, N. Santos col. (1 ♂, MNRJ). Rio de Janeiro: Cavanca [ilha de Paquet, praia da Cavanca], 12.i.1926 (1 ♂, DZUP); Estrada Rio–São Paulo, 21.v.1954, J.F. Zikán (1 ♂, MNRJ); Formoso, Serra da Bocaina, 28.ii.1915 (1 ♂, CEIOC); G. Manuel Pereira, Estação Queimados, iv.1960, A. Xanchão col. (1 ♂, MNRJ); Grajaú, 2.ii.1942, E.L. Ferreira col. (1 ♀, MZUSP); Itaguaí, Estrada Rio–São Paulo, km 47, ii.1964, P. Ide col. (1 ♂, 1 ♀, MNRJ); Itatiaia, 23.iii.1924, J.F. Zikán col. (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 27.ii.1929 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 21.i.1930 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 27.iii.1930 (1 ♀, CEIOC); same data, 30.i.1933 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 15.ii.1933 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 3.iii.1933 (1 ♂, MNRJ); same data, 15.iii.1934 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 19.iii.1934 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 9.ii.1936 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, ii.1937 (2 ♂, CEIOC); same data, iii.1937 (3 ♂, 1 ♀, CEIOC); same data, 26.i.1938 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 15.iv.1938 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 9.xi.1938 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 13.ii.1939 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 10.v.1940 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, iii.1941 (3 ♂, 2 ♀, CEIOC); same data, iv.1941 (2 ♂, CEIOC); same data, i.1942 (2 ♂, CEIOC); same data, ii.1942 (4 ♂, CEIOC); same data, iii.1942 (7 ♂, 1 ♀, CEIOC); same data, 2.viii.1942 (1 ♂, DZUP); same data, 30.iii.1943, same data (1 ♀, CEIOC); same data, iv.1943 (4 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 23.ii.1944 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, iii.1944 (6 ♂, CEIOC); same data, ii.1945 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 26.ii.1945 (1 ♂, MNRJ); same data, 2.iii.1945 (1 ♀, CEIOC); same data, 8.iii.1950 (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data, 25.iii.1973 (1 ♀, MZUSP); Itatiaia, Mont–Serrat (cercanias), 2.iii.1921, B. Lobo col. (1 ♀, MNRJ); Niterói, x.1962, H. Fontainha col. (1 ♂, CEIOC); Niterói, 5.iv.1905, Machado col., AAM–001524 (1 ♂, MZUSP); Niterói, 12.viii.1932, P. Burnheim col., AAM–001525 (1 ♀, MZUSP); Niterói, 28.ii.1935, AAM–001521 (1 ♀, MZUSP); Niterói, 24.iv.1935, M. A. Amuso col., AAM– 0 0 1523 (1 ♀, MZUSP); Niterói, 21.xi.1979, AAM–001522 (1 ♂, MZUSP); Paty do Alferes, ii.1936, Ulysses Lopes col. (1 ♀, CEIOC); Petrópolis (1 ♀, MNRJ); Represa Covanca (1 ♂, MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro, 12.iv.1905, V. M. Ribeiro col. (1 ♂, MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro, J. Muiz col., AAM–001526 (1 ♀, MZUSP); Rio de Janeiro, Copacabana, 26.ii.2009, D. Takyia col., AAM–001381 (1 ♂, MZUSP); Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá, 1.vi.1964, O. Mielke col. (1 ♂, DZUP); Rio de Janeiro, Jacarepaguá, 9.iv.1905, J.R. Allen col. (1 ♂, MNRJ); Rio de Janeiro, Manguinhos, 17.iii.1922 (1 ♂, CEIOC); Rio de Janeiro, Manguinhos, 25.ii.1928 (1 ♀, CEIOC); Rio de Janeiro, Marambaia, est. Senzala, 26.iii.1998, E.S. Lopes & G.G. Viana cols, AAM–001518 (1 ♂, MZUSP); Rio de Janeiro, Marambaia, est. Senzala, 15.iv.1998, G. G. Viana col., AAM–001519 (1 ♂ MZUSP); Rio de Janeiro, Marambaia, gruta da Santa, 25.iii.1999, J.R. Pujol–Luz col., AAM–001517 (1 ♂, MZUSP); Rio de Janeiro, Marambaia, subida da Armação, 15.v.1985, R. Xerez, AAM–001520 (1 ♂, MZUSP); Serra do J. Gvaio [?] E. F. E. B (1 ♂, DZUP); Rio de Janeiro, 1.ii.1953, E. Stolz col. (1 ♀, DZUP). São Paulo: Angatuba, iii.1917, Azevedo Marques col. (1 ♀, MNRJ); Atibaia, ii.1951 (1 ♂, MZUSP); Barueri, 6.iii.1956 (1 ♂, CEIOC); Barueri, 20.iii.1958, K. Lenko col. (1 ♂, CEIOC); Cajuru, Fazenda Rio Grande, 13.iv.2001, G. Melo & M. C. Gaglianone cols. (1 ♂, DZUP); Cantareira, 27.iv.2007 (1 ♂, MNRJ); Itaquaquecetuba, AAM–001560 (1 ♂, MZUSP); Jabaquara, iii.1939, H. Zellibor col. (1 ♂, CEIOC); Luiz Antônio, Reserva Jata, AAM–001527–8 (2 ♂, MZUSP); Monte Alegre [do Sul], Faz. Bom Jesus, iii.1944, Lima col. (1 ♂, MZUSP); Osasco, AAM–001529 (1 ♂, MZUSP); Poá, i.1963, Rabelo (1 ♀, MZUSP); Poá, v.1964 Rabelo col. MZUSP (1 ♂, MZUSP); Represa Rio Grande [Billings], iii.1961, F.M. Oliveira col. (1 ♂, CEIOC); same data (1 ♂, MNRJ); same data, iii.1963 (1 ♂, CEIOC); Rio Claro, Horto Navarro Andrade, 15.ii.1988, R.P. Martins col. (1 ♂, Fontenelle); São Paulo, iv.1925 (1 ♂, CEIOC).

Figures

FIGURE 4. Male terminalia of Gauromydas. A – C: Gauromydas mateus sp. nov. (holotype, MNHN). D – F: Gauromydas mystaceus (MPEG). G – I: Gauromydas papaveroi sp nov. (holotype, MZUSP). A, D, G: epandrium and proctiger, dorsal view; B, E, H: gonocoxite-hypandrial complex and associate structures, dorsal view; C, F, I: gonocoxite-hypandrial complex and associate structures, lateral view; J, Gauromydas heros, phallus and associate structures, lateral view. Abbreviations: lph: phallic lateral projection; ph: phallus; phc: phallic crest; gxd: dorsal prolongation of the gonocoxite-hypandrial complex (Calhau et al. 2014). Scale bars: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 6. Distribution map for the species of Gauromydas.

FIGURE 1. A, Gauromydas apicalis, dorsal habitus (female, MZUSP); B, Gauromydas autuorii, dorsal habitus (male holotype, USNM); C, Gauromydas heros, dorsal habitus (male, MZUSP); D, Gauromydas mystaceus, dorsal habitus (male, MZUSP); E, Protomydas coerulescens (Olivier), hind tibia and tarsomere 1 (male, MZUSP); F, Gauromydas apicalis, hind leg (male, MZUSP); G, Gauromydas autuorii, hind leg (male holotype, USNM); H, Gauromydas heros, hind leg (male, MZUSP).