LOPHIALETIDAE MATTHEW AND GRANGER, 1925c

Bai, Bin, Wang, Yuan-Qing, Li, Qian, Wang, Hai-Bing, Mao, Fang-Yuan, Gong, Yan-Xin & Meng, Jin, 2018, Biostratigraphy and Diversity of Paleogene Perissodactyls from the Erlian Basin of Inner Mongolia, China, American Museum Novitates 2018 (3914), pp. 1-60 : 4-6

publication ID

https://doi.org/ 10.1206/3914.1

persistent identifier

https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C3878B-FFB4-504A-FECB-FA8784EBFE31

treatment provided by

Carolina

scientific name

LOPHIALETIDAE MATTHEW AND GRANGER, 1925c
status

 

LOPHIALETIDAE MATTHEW AND GRANGER, 1925c

Minchenoletes Wang et al., 2011

Wang et al. (2011) erected a new genus and species, Minchenoletes erlianensis , from the upper part of the Nomogen Formation at Nuhetingboerhe and Wulanboerhe ( fig. 1 View FIG ). The specimens attributed to that taxon include maxillae, mandibles, and isolated teeth, and were unearthed from the NM-3 and 4 horizons of the Bumbanian ALMA.

Schlosseria Matthew and Granger, 1926

Only one species of Schlosseria , S. magister , has been named from the basin ( Matthew and Granger, 1926). The holotype (AMNH FM 20241) was unearthed from the Arshanto Formation, about 7 mi north of the Telegraph Line ( fig. 1 View FIG ). Radinsky (1965) assigned additional dental and postcranial material to Schlosseria cf. S. magister from Huheboerhe area. Those localities include Duheminboerhe, Daoteyin Obo, Huheboerhe, and Chaganboerhe. Our recent work confirms the presence of Schlosseria magister at Huheboerhe ( Li and Wang, 2010), which ranges from As-1 to As-6 fossil-bearing horizons and was considered restricted to the Arshanto Formation. However, Radinsky (1965) also considered AMNH FM 81787 and 81788 as Schlosseria cf. S. magister from “?Houldjin gravels” (i.e., Irdin Manha Formation) at Chaganboerhe.

Radinsky (1965) reported a lower jaw with p2–m2 of? Schlosseria (AMNH FM 26139) from “?Shara Murun beds” at Erden Obo (Urtyn Obo), and the fossil-bearing bed is probably equivalent to the “Basal White.” Li and Wang (2010) described a partial skull of S. magister (IVPP V 16573 View Materials ) from the “Basal White” of Erden Obo. Our recent fieldwork also recovered some Schlosseria specimens from the basal layers at Wulanhuxiu, indicating the presence of Arshantan deposits in the section.

Lophialetes Matthew and Granger, 1925c

Only one species of Lophialetes , L. expeditus , is known from the Erlian Basin ( fig. 2A View FIG ) ( Matthew and Granger, 1925c). The holotype (AMNH FM 19163) was found in the Irdin Manha Formation on the Irdin Manha escarpment. Radinsky (1965) also reported the species from both the “Irdin Manha” (i.e., Arshanto) and “Houldjin” (i.e., Irdin Manha) beds in the Huheboerhe area. However, he considered all these specimens as likely deriving from a single horizon. This proposal was supported by Li and Wang (2010) and Wang et al. (2010), who restricted L. expeditus to the IM-1 and IM-2 horizons of the Irdin Manha Formation.

Radinsky (1965) also reported Lophialetes expeditus ? from the Ulan Shireh Formation at Wulantaolegai and Wulanhuxiu. These specimens are slightly smaller than Irdin Manha individuals of L. expeditus . He further assigned several larger specimens (AMNH FM 81687, 81690, and 81681) to Lophialetes sp. from the same bed at Wulanhuxiu ( Radinsky, 1965). Those specimens are approximately 20% to 25% larger than specimens of L. expeditus ? from the same bed, and ~12% larger than Irdin Manha fossils of L. expeditus .

Radinsky (1965) assigned several crushed skulls, jaws, and foot bones (AMNH FM 22091– 22095) to Lophialetes expeditus ? from the Tukhum Formation, which is overlain by the Shara Murun Formation at Ula Usu. He considered these specimens the same as Ulan Shireh L. expeditus ? individuals. A lower jaw with p2–m2 (AMNH FM 26138) from “?Shara Murun beds” at Erden Obo was referred to Lophialetes sp. , which corresponds in size to the larger Ulan Shireh Lophialetes fossils ( Radinsky, 1965).

Zhongjianoletes Ye, 1983

Only one species of Zhongjianoletes , Z. chowi , known from a left mandible with a partial symphysis (IVPP V 6671), is known from the Ulan Shireh Formation at North Mesa ( Ye, 1983). The species is very similar to Lophialetes expeditus , but is larger and lacks the p1 and probably incisors. Ye (1983) further considered that specimens referred to Lophialetes sp. by Radinsky (1965) from the same locality should belong to Z. chowi . Ye (1983) assigned some isolated M3s to Zhongjianoletes sp. , which corresponds to the size of Z. chowi from the same horizon.

Simplaletes Qi, 1980

Two species of Simplaletes , S. sujiensis and S. ulanshirehensis , are known from the Irdin Manha and Ulan Shireh, respectively ( Qi, 1980). Simplaletes sujiensis was found in the Irdin Manha Formation, and S. ulanshirehensis was discovered in the Ulan Shireh Formation in 1959 by SSPE. Both of those species preserve only lower jaws with relatively heavily worn teeth, and lack the p1. Lucas et al. (1997) considered Simplaletes to be a junior synonym of Schlosseria .

Breviodon Radinsky, 1965

Two species of Breviodon , B. acares and B.? minutus , are known from the Wulanhuxiu and Irdin Manha, respectively ( Radinsky, 1965). The holotype of B. acares is a mandible (AMNH FM 26113) characterized by the absence of p1–2 and it is about 30% smaller than Ulan Shireh material of Lophialetes expeditus ?. Radinsky (1965) assigned a fragmentary skull (AMNH FM 81751) to Breviodon cf. B. acares from the “Irdin Manhan beds” at Huheboerhe. However, this specimen more likely was recovered from the Arshanto Formation instead of the “Irdin Manha Formation.” A lower jaw with dp4–m2 (AMNH FM 81836) from the same locality may be conspecific with the fragmentary skull ( Radinsky, 1965). Reshetov (1975) erected a new genus Parabreviodon based on AMNH FM 81751 as the generic type. A lower jaw (AMNH FM 26115, field no. 645) from Wulanhuxiu and a few isolated teeth (AMNH FM 81839) from the “Irdin Manha beds” (i.e., the Arshanto Formation) at Daoteyin Obo, respectively, were assigned to? Breviodon based on inadequate material ( Radinsky, 1965).

Radinsky (1965) reassigned the holotype of “ Lophialetes minutus (an isolated left upper molar, AMNH FM 20139) and some miscellaneous teeth (AMNH FM 81721A, 81721B, 81722) from the Irdin Manha Formation of the Irdin Manha escarpment to Breviodon ? minutus . However, Reshetov (1979) considered Breviodon acares as a junior synonym of B. minutus based on the associated upper and lower cheek teeth. This notion was followed by Qi (1987), who also reported the species from the Arshanto Formation at Huheboerhe and Wulanboerhe.

Rhodopagus Radinsky, 1965

Two species of Rhodopagus , R. pygmaeus and R.? minimus , are known from North Mesa and Ula Usu, respectively ( Radinsky, 1965). Rhodopagus pygmaeus is known mainly from the Ulan Shireh Formation, and Radinsky (1965) also assigned a couple of specimens (AMNH FM 81842, 81843) to? R. pygmaeus from the type Irdin Manha bed. Radinsky (1965) transferred Caenolophus ? minimus (AMNH FM 20310) from the Shara Murun Formation at Ula Usu to Rhodopagus ? minimus based on its short trigonid and reduced cristid obliqua. Lucas and Schoch (1981) further considered that Rhodopagus pygmaeus is a junior synonym of R. minimus .

The phylogenetic position of Rhodopagus is controversial with its affinities to Lophialetidae , Helaletidae , or even Hyracodontidae (Lucas and Schoch, 1981) . Our recent discovery of Rhodopagus from the “Basal White” of Erden Obo will probably clarify this phylogenetic mystery in the future.

Pataecops Radinsky, 1966

Only one species of Pataecops , P. parvus , is known from the upper part of the Nomogen Formation at Nuhetingboerhe and Wulanboerhe ( Wang et al., 2011). Wang et al. (2011) pointed out that the holotype of the species from the Kholobolchi Formation of Mongolia is Bumbanian in age, as are specimens from the Erlian Basin. Although Radinsky (1965) assigned Pataecops to Lophialetidae , the phylogenetic position of Pataecops parvus is uncertain. If P.parvus belongs to rhinocerotoids rather than tapiroids (Lucas and Schoch, 1981; Dashzeveg and Hooker, 1997), it would extend the earliest record of rhinocerotoids into the earliest Eocene ( Wang et al., 2011).

Kingdom

Animalia

Phylum

Chordata

Class

Mammalia

Order

Perissodactyla

Family

Lophialetidae

Loc

LOPHIALETIDAE MATTHEW AND GRANGER, 1925c

Bai, Bin, Wang, Yuan-Qing, Li, Qian, Wang, Hai-Bing, Mao, Fang-Yuan, Gong, Yan-Xin & Meng, Jin 2018
2018
Loc

minimus

Qi 1987
1987
Loc

minimus

Qi 1987
1987
Loc

minimus

Qi 1987
1987
Loc

Zhongjianoletes

Ye 1983
1983
Loc

Zhongjianoletes

Ye 1983
1983
Loc

Z. chowi

Ye 1983
1983
Loc

Z. chowi

Ye 1983
1983
Loc

Z. chowi

Ye 1983
1983
Loc

Simplaletes

Qi 1980
1980
Loc

Simplaletes

Qi 1980
1980
Loc

S. sujiensis

Qi 1980
1980
Loc

S. ulanshirehensis

Qi 1980
1980
Loc

Simplaletes sujiensis

Qi 1980
1980
Loc

S. ulanshirehensis

Qi 1980
1980
Loc

Simplaletes

Qi 1980
1980
Loc

Parabreviodon

Reshetov 1975
1975
Loc

Breviodon

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

Breviodon

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

B. acares

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

B. acares

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

Breviodon

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

B. acares

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

Breviodon

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

Rhodopagus

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

Rhodopagus

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

R. pygmaeus

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

Rhodopagus pygmaeus

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

R. pygmaeus

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

Rhodopagus

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

Rhodopagus pygmaeus

Radinsky 1965
1965
Loc

Schlosseria

Matthew and Granger 1926
1926
Loc

Schlosseria

Matthew and Granger 1926
1926
Loc

S. magister

Matthew & Granger 1926
1926
Loc

Schlosseria

Matthew and Granger 1926
1926
Loc

S. magister

Matthew & Granger 1926
1926
Loc

Schlosseria magister

Matthew & Granger 1926
1926
Loc

Schlosseria

Matthew and Granger 1926
1926
Loc

S. magister

Matthew & Granger 1926
1926
Loc

Schlosseria

Matthew and Granger 1926
1926
Loc

Lophialetes

Matthew and Granger 1925
1925
Loc

Lophialetes

Matthew and Granger 1925
1925
Loc

L. expeditus

Matthew & Granger 1925
1925
Loc

L. expeditus

Matthew & Granger 1925
1925
Loc

Lophialetes expeditus

Matthew & Granger 1925
1925
Loc

Lophialetes expeditus

Matthew & Granger 1925
1925
Loc

Caenolophus

Matthew and Granger 1925
1925
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