Grotiusomyia Girault, 1917, 1918

Hansson, Christer, 2023, Review of Grotiusomyia Girault (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae), an exclusively New World genus, including 17 new species, Zootaxa 5278 (1), pp. 39-77 : 40-42

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.1.2
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:9D0E61E2-298C-4248-BD76-A2C392372F90
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7894945
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C287F3-A413-FFE9-FF7B-FAED18C7F9CB
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Grotiusomyia Girault, 1917
status

Treatment

Grotiusomyia Girault, 1917 View in CoL View at ENA

Grotiusomyia Girault, 1917:95 .

Type species Grotiusomyia flavicornis Girault, 1917:95 View in CoL , by monotypy. This description of the genus is valid under the Code, article 12 ( ICZN 1999), even though intended only for the species ( Bouček 1977). The description cited below, from 1918, includes a more detailed description of the genus.

Grotiusomyia Girault, 1918:125 View in CoL . Type species Miotropis nigricans Howard, 1894:106 View in CoL , by original designation.

Diagnosis. Head and body black and usually with metallic blue, bluish-green or purple tinges, strongly sclerotized and not collapsing after death. Clypeus convex with ventral margin semicircularly protruding ( Fig. 74 View FIGURES 71–75 ). Malar sulcus present. Mandibles either with a single row of small teeth ( Fig. 112 View FIGURES 103–112 ), or with one large tooth and a row of small teeth above large tooth at apex ( Fig. 111 View FIGURES 103–112 ). Occipital margin with a sharp edge at least behind ocellar triangle, sometimes with an edge along entire occipital margin. Mesoscutellum usually with strong and raised reticulation, without sublateral grooves. Dorsellum flat to slightly convex and shiny, smooth or with weak reticulation. Propodeum ( Fig. 75 View FIGURES 71–75 ) smooth; with a strong and complete median carina with a transverse ±semicircular cup in very anterior part; with step-like plicae, ending as a tooth that joins the supracoxal flange; propodeal callus with 6–22 setae. Fore wing with postmarginal vein 1.3–1.7× as long as stigmal vein. Petiole small and inconspicuous, partly hidden between forward pointing projections from medio-basal Gt 1.

Description. Eyes hairy; malar sulcus present, curved in ventral part; clypeus convex, with ventral margin protruding and rounded; apex of mandibles with a single row of small teeth, or with one large tooth and a row of small teeth above large tooth; antennal scrobes undelimited; frons between scrobes and eyes and vertex either with weak or strong reticulation; frons with part between scrobes and eyes with dense to sparse setation; occipital margin with a sharp edge. Antenna inserted above lower level of eyes, scape not reaching anterior ocellus; male scape somewhat enlarged, and slightly wider than in female; with six flagellomeres: four funiculars and two clavomeres, funiculars with a short stalk in anterior part, female with one small anellus, no anellus visible in male; male with unbranched flagellomeres. Pronotum rectangular, ±covered with setae, without a carina along anterior margin of pronotal collar. Mesoscutum with narrow and complete notauli; midlobe covered with setae, two pairs in posterior part longer than remaining setae. Mesoscutellum with strong reticulation, without sublateral grooves, with two pairs of long and strong setae, attached close to lateral margin of mesoscutellum, one pair in anterior part at same level as median part of axillae and one pair close to posterior margin. Axillae advanced forward with anterior margin just slightly in front of transscutal articulation. Dorsellum flat or slightly convex. Propodeum smooth; with a strong and complete median carina with a transverse ±semicircular cup in very anterior part; with step-like plicae, ending as a tooth that joins supracoxal flange; propodeal callus with 6–22 setae. Wings hyaline; fore wing with 5–8 setae on dorsal surface of submarginal vein; speculum present, closed below and towards base of wing; costal cell with 1–2 rows of setae on ventral surface, and with 2–18 setae along apico-dorsal margin; with a row of 12–25 admarginal setae below ±entire marginal vein on ventral side of membrane; postmarginal vein 1.3–1.7× as long as stigmal vein. Hind leg with two tibial spurs, longest spur 0.5–1× as long as T1. Petiole very short and transverse, almost hidden between forward pointing projections from medio-basal Gt 1. Gastral tergites strongly sclerotized, non-collapsing; Gt 1 smooth or, in a few species, with weak to strong reticulation, remaining tergites with weak reticulation; medio-basal Gt 1 with two forward pointing projections.

Distribution. Nearctic ( Canada, new record; U.S.A., Girault 1917) and Neotropical (Central America, new record; the Caribbean, Howard 1894) regions.

Biology. Mainly ectoparasitoids on caterpillars of various Lepidoptera groups. Bouček (1977) recorded Hedylepta indicata (F.) ( Pyralidae ) and Urbanus proteus (L.) ( Hesperiidae ) as hosts for G. nigricans (Howard) . Here Herpetogramma salbialis (Hampson) and Ategumia lotanalisDHJ09 ( Crambidae ), and Calpodes ethlius (Stoll) ( Lepidoptera : Hesperiidae ) are hosts recorded for G. annesmithae sp. nov. An additional new host record is an unidentified leafroller on Populus sp. (for G. septentrionalis sp. nov.).

Key to species

1. Female............................................................................................. 2

- Male.............................................................................................. 21

2. Antennal flagellum entirely yellowish-brown ( Figs 46, 47 View FIGURES 44–50 ).................................................... 3

- Antennal flagellum dark yellowish-brown to dark brown, in a few species with clava white........................... 4

3. Apex antennal clava blunt ( Fig. 47 View FIGURES 44–50 )............................................. Grotiusomyia nigricans (Howard) View in CoL

- Apex of antennal clava pointed ( Fig. 46 View FIGURES 44–50 )..................... Grotiusomyia flavicornis Girault View in CoL (North American species)

4. Gt 1 predominantly reticulate ( Figs 22 View FIGURES 19–24 , 41 View FIGURES 37–43 ).................................................................. 5

- Gt 1 smooth and shiny (e.g. Fig. 33 View FIGURES 31–36 )....................................................................... 6

5. Antennal clava white ( Fig. 49 View FIGURES 44–50 ); Gt 1 larger ( Fig. 22 View FIGURES 19–24 ), 0.6× the length of gaster............. Grotiusomyia albiclava sp. nov.

- Antennal clava dark brown ( Fig. 62 View FIGURES 58–64 ); Gt 1 smaller ( Fig. 41 View FIGURES 37–43 ), 0.4× the length of gaster....... Grotiusomyia reticulata sp. nov.

6. Antennal clava predominantly white ( Fig. 60 View FIGURES 58–64 )....................................... Grotiusomyia leucaena sp. nov.

- Antennal clava pale brown to black....................................................................... 7

7. Dorsellum with postero-lateral parts incised and thus with postero-median part protruding ( Fig. 43 View FIGURES 37–43 ); fore wing with 8–18 setae in apico-dorsal part of costal cell ( Figs 6 View FIGURES 1–6 , 15 View FIGURES 13–18 )............................................................... 8

- Dorsellum with posterior margin ±evenly rounded (e.g. Fig. 32 View FIGURES 31–36 ); fore wing with 2–12 setae in apico-dorsal part of costal cell9

8. Frons with two white spots lateral to toruli and close to eye margin ( Fig. 98 View FIGURES 92–102 ); flagellomeres longer ( Fig. 55 View FIGURES 51–57 ), e.g. F3 1.2× and F4 1.3× as long as wide; gaster ovate ( Fig. 28 View FIGURES 25–30 ), 1.7× as long as wide.................. Grotiusomyia flavimacula sp. nov.

- Frons completely dark ( Fig. 107 View FIGURES 103–112 ); flagellomeres shorter ( Fig. 68 View FIGURES 65–70 ), e.g. F3 and F4 both 0.9× as long as wide; gaster long and narrow ( Fig. 39 View FIGURES 37–43 ), 2.3–2.5× as long as wide........................................... Grotiusomyia pilosa sp. nov.

9. Antenna with F4 0.6–0.8× as long as wide................................................................ 10

- Antenna with F4 1.1–1.5× as long as wide................................................................ 17

10. Antennal clava blunt at apex, F3 0.6× as long as wide ( Fig. 48 View FIGURES 44–50 )....................... Grotiusomyia nigricans (Howard) View in CoL

- Antennal clava pointed at apex, F3 0.7–0.8× as long as wide (e.g. Fig. 70 View FIGURES 65–70 )....................................... 11

11. Fore and mid coxae white to yellowish-white ( Figs 10, 12 View FIGURES 7–12 )................................................... 12

- Fore and mid coxae yellowish-brown, pale brown, or dark brown.............................................. 13

12. Corner of mouth opening impressed, frons lateral of scrobes with relatively dense setation and strong reticulation ( Fig. 101 View FIGURES 92–102 )......................................................................... Grotiusomyia lascrucensis sp. nov.

- Corner of mouth opening not impressed, frons lateral of scrobes with relatively sparse setation and weak reticulation ( Fig. 104 View FIGURES 103–112 )......................................................................... Grotiusomyia nicoyae sp. nov.

13. Mandibles at apex with a large tooth and with a row of small teeth above large tooth (as in Fig. 111 View FIGURES 103–112 ).................. 14

- Mandibles with a row of small teeth at apex, without large tooth (as in Fig. 112 View FIGURES 103–112 ).................................. 15

14. Mandibles black with apex yellowish-brown ( Fig. 109 View FIGURES 103–112 ); face more hairy ( Fig. 109 View FIGURES 103–112 )............ Grotiusomyia rubii sp. nov.

- Mandibles yellowish-brown ( Fig. 102 View FIGURES 92–102 ); face less hairy ( Fig. 102 View FIGURES 92–102 )....................... Grotiusomyia jimenezi sp. nov.

15. Mesoscutellum with distinctly weaker reticulation than mesoscutum ( Fig. 45 View FIGURES 44–50 ); antennal scape dark brown ( Fig. 71 View FIGURES 71–75 ).............................................................................. Grotiusomyia septentrionalis sp. nov.

- Mesoscutellum and mesoscutum with same strong reticulation ( Figs 23 View FIGURES 19–24 , 29 View FIGURES 25–30 ); antennal scape yellowish-brown ( Figs 51, 56 View FIGURES 51–57 ).. .................................................................................................. 16

16. Mandibles dark brown to black with apex yellowish-brown, clypeus weakly protruding ventrally ( Fig. 99 View FIGURES 92–102 )..................................................................................... Grotiusomyia guanacastensis sp. nov.

- Mandibles yellowish-white, clypeus strongly protruding ventrally ( Figs 74 View FIGURES 71–75 , 96 View FIGURES 92–102 )......... Grotiusomyia annesmithae sp. nov.

17. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with different colour: mesoscutellum metallic purple to black, mesoscutum with metallic blue tinges ( Figs 25 View FIGURES 25–30 , 35 View FIGURES 31–36 )................................................................................... 18

- Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with same colour (e.g. Fig. 30 View FIGURES 25–30 )............................................... 19

18. Mesoscutellum slightly flattened, with smaller and weaker meshes than mesoscutum ( Fig. 35 View FIGURES 31–36 ); mandibles with a large tooth at apex and with a row of small teeth above large tooth (as in Fig. 111 View FIGURES 103–112 )....................... Grotiusomyia noyesi sp. nov.

- Mesoscutellum convex, meshes with same size and strength as mesoscutum ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 25–30 ); mandibles with a row of small teeth at apex, without large tooth (as in Fig. 112 View FIGURES 103–112 )........................................... Grotiusomyia azofeifai sp. nov.

19. Vertex with weak reticulation ( Fig. 89 View FIGURES 84–91 )............................................ Grotiusomyia phalaros sp. nov.

- Vertex with strong reticulation ( Figs 83 View FIGURES 76–83 , 114 View FIGURES 113–115 ).............................................................. 20

20. Fore and mid coxae dark brown to black ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 7–12 ); fore wing with weak infuscation just below stigmal vein, costal cell with 9–12 setae apico-dorsally ( Fig. 8 View FIGURES 7–12 ); Gt 6 with posterior margin curved forwards ( Fig. 30 View FIGURES 25–30 ).......... Grotiusomyia hansoni sp. nov.

- Fore and mid coxae predominantly to completely yellowish-brown; fore wing completely hyaline, costal cell with six setae apico-dorsally ( Fig. 113 View FIGURES 113–115 ); Gt 6 with posterior margin curved backwards ( Fig. 113 View FIGURES 113–115 ).......... Grotiusomyia flavicoxa sp. nov.

21. Gaster with a white to pale brown spot medio-basally (e.g. Fig. 38 View FIGURES 37–43 )............................................. 22

- Gaster completely dark (e.g. Fig. 20 View FIGURES 19–24 )..................................................................... 24

22. Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with same colour (metallic purple) ( Fig. 38 View FIGURES 37–43 ).............. Grotiusomyia phalaros sp. nov.

- Mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with different colour: mesoscutellum metallic purple to black, mesoscutum with metallic blue tinges ( Figs 26 View FIGURES 25–30 , 36 View FIGURES 31–36 )................................................................................... 23

23. Mesoscutellum slightly flattened, with smaller and weaker meshes than mesoscutum ( Fig. 36 View FIGURES 31–36 ).. Grotiusomyia noyesi sp. nov.

- Mesoscutellum convex, meshes with same size and strength as mesoscutum ( Fig. 26 View FIGURES 25–30 )....... Grotiusomyia azofeifai sp. nov.

24. Gt 1 with weak to strong reticulation ( Figs 22 View FIGURES 19–24 , 42 View FIGURES 37–43 )........................................................... 25

- Gt 1 smooth, without reticulation (e.g. Fig. 20 View FIGURES 19–24 ).............................................................. 26

25. Gt 1 long, 0.6× the length of gaster, with strong reticulation ( Fig. 22 View FIGURES 19–24 ).................... Grotiusomyia albiclava sp. nov.

- Gt 1 short, 0.4× the length of gaster, with very weak and superficial reticulation or without reticulation ( Fig. 42 View FIGURES 37–43 )...................................................................................... Grotiusomyia reticulata sp. nov.

26. Dorsellum with postero-lateral parts incised and thus with postero-median part protruding (as in Fig. 43 View FIGURES 37–43 ).............................................................................................. Grotiusomyia pilosa sp. nov.

- Dorsellum with posterior margin ±evenly rounded (e.g. Fig. 20 View FIGURES 19–24 )............................................... 27

27. Mesoscutellum with distinctly weaker reticulation than mesoscutum (as in Fig. 45 View FIGURES 44–50 ); antennal scape dark brown ( Fig. 72 View FIGURES 71–75 ).......................................................................... Grotiusomyia septentrionalis sp. nov.

- Mesoscutellum and mesoscutum with same strong reticulation ( Figs 20, 24 View FIGURES 19–24 ); antennal scape yellowish-brown ( Figs 48 View FIGURES 44–50 , 52 View FIGURES 51–57 ).. .................................................................................................. 28

28. Antennal flagellum shorter ( Fig. 48 View FIGURES 44–50 ), 1.5× as long as width of head, F3 0.6× and clava 1.5× as long as wide....................................................................................... Grotiusomyia nigricans (Howard) View in CoL

- Antennal flagellum longer ( Fig. 52 View FIGURES 51–57 ), 1.9× as long as width of head, F3 0.9× and clava 1.9× as long as wide....................................................................................... Grotiusomyia annesmithae sp. nov.