Lindernia dubia, (L.) Pennell

Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M. & Webb, D. A., 1972, Flora Europaea. Volume 3. Diapensiacea to Myoporaceae, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press : 204

2. L. dubia (L.) Pennell , Scroph. E. Temp. N. Amer. 141 (1935)

(£. gratioloides Lloyd ).

Like 1 but stems often more or less erect; leaves up to 30 mm, ovate-oblong, often more distinctly crenate-serrate; pedicels 6-15 mm, usually stouter, usually shorter than subtending leaf; flowers mostly chasmogamous (a few of the later sometimes cleistogamous); calyx 5 mm; corolla 7-8 mm, lilac; fertile stamens 2; staminodes 2, spurred at the base. Muddy or sandy river-banks, and in rice-fields. Naturalized in S.W. Europe, extending to N.W. France and N. Italy. [Ga Hs It Lu.] (E. North America.')