Xylocopa, Latreille, 1802

Mawdsley, Jonathan R., 2018, New records and diagnostic notes on large carpenter bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: genus Xylocopa Latreille), from the Amazon River basin of South America, Insecta Mundi 631, pp. 1-15 : 3

Key to females of Amazon Basin subgenera of Xylocopa (Modified from Michener 2007)

1. Lower tooth of mandible narrower than upper tooth, as measured across the mandible at the apex of the notch between upper and lower tooth....................................................................... Xylocopa (Stenoxylocopa) – One species: X. (Stenoxylocopa) ruficollis Hurd and Moure, 1963

— Lower tooth of mandible equal to or much wider than upper tooth..................... 2

2(1). Ventral segments of metasoma with a conspicuous, well-defined median longitudinal ridge; ridges of consecutive segments forming a distinct ventral “keel” along midline of metasoma................................. Xylocopa (Neoxylocopa) – 13 species: see key below

— Ventral segments of metasoma more gently rounded, with at most an indistinct, feeble median longitudinal ridge or with ridge absent...................................................................... Xylocopa (Schonnherria) – 10 species: see key below