Neogreenia tangi Zheng & Wu, 2024

Zheng, Xinyi, Watson, Gillian W., Zhang, Jiangtao, Tan, Zhixiang & Wu, San’An, 2024, A review of the genus Neogreenia MacGillivray (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Qinococcidae) with descriptions of two new species, Zootaxa 5418 (5), pp. 401-441 : 416-423

Neogreenia tangi Zheng & Wu , sp. n.

Material examined. Holotype: Adult ♀, CHINA: Guizhou Prov., / Guiyang City, Huaxi District , / 26°42′18″N, 106º66′81″E, / on Liquidambar formosana ( Altingiaceae ), / 13 August 2023, / Zhixiang Tan leg. Mounted singly on a slide ( BFUC).

Paratypes: same data as holotype except for date, 2 ♀♀, 13.viii.2023, mounted singly on 2 slides; 1 ♀, 22.vii.2023, mounted singly on 1 slide; 3 second-instar nymphs, 13.viii.2023, mounted together on 1 slide; 3 third-instar ♀ nymphs, 22.vii.2023, mounted together on 1 slide; 4 third-instar ♀ nymphs, 24.vii. 2023, mounted singly on 4 slides; 1 third-instar ♀ nymph, 13.viii.2023, mounted singly on 1 slide; 7 first-instar nymphs, hatched in the laboratory, 15.viii.2023, mounted together on 1 slide, and 2 ♀♀, CHINA: Guizhou Prov., Tongren City, Shiqian County, Ganxi township , Fuyan village , on Toona sinensis ( Meliaceae ), Zhixiang Tan leg., 25.vii.2023, mounted singly on 2 slides .

Etymology. The specific latinised epithet “ tangi ” is assigned in honour of the Chinese coccidologist Prof. Tang Fangde. It is in the genitive case, meaning “of Tang”.

Adult female

Appearance in life ( Figs 3B, C and E ). Living under the bark surrounded by white wax; body elongate and slightly flat, antennae situated on apex of head, legs developed; body yellowish, antennae, legs and labium yellow brown, eyes black.

Slide-mounted material (n=6) ( Fig. 8 ). Body 4.0–6.0 mm long and 1.7–1.9 mm wide; derm membranous except abdominal end slightly sclerotized. Antennae ( Figs 8A, B ) 10 segmented, situated close to each other on apex of head, 863–1,050 μm long; segment lengths (in µm): I, 140–158; II, 118–133; III, 98–118; IV, 90–110; V, 83–103; VI, 80–100; VII, 75–95; VIII, 78–95; IX, 65–88; and X, 58–80. Each segment with sclerotized base and membranous apex; scape (segment I) largest, 125–168 μm wide; pedicel (segment II) and segment III cylindrical, pedicel 88–115 μm wide, segment III 73–88 μm wide; remaining segments each more-or-less bowl-like, each 48–70 μm wide. Most setae on antennae hair-like; scape with setae scattered (each 30–53 μm long); pedicel with 3–5 (usually 3) circular sensory pores dorsally and coeloconic sensillum ventrally, with setae scattered (each 20–55 μm long) plus 1 sensory seta; remaining segments each with a ring of hair-like setae (each 30–85 μm long) except apical segment; segments IV–IX each with a pair of sensory setae, each 8–25 μm long, sometimes segment IV with coeloconic sensillum also; apical segment with 8–13 sensory setae, 8 or 9 hair-like setae, and 4 or 5 short setae each 13–15 μm long. Eyes each with sclerotized margin and membranous centre, 50–60 μm wide, situated laterad of scape. Mouthparts present: labium 160–188 μm long; clypeolabral shield longer than labium, 460–600 μm long; stylets present. Labium ( Fig. 8C ) 2 segmented, segment I 55–73 μm long, with margin sclerotized and centre membranous, bearing a pair of short setae (each 8–10 μm long) on each side; segment II 95–123 μm long, sclerotized, with 4 apical hair-like setae (each 23–28 μm long) on each side. Thoracic spiracles ( Fig. 8D ) each with opening 38–43 μm in diameter, a sclerotized bar and a group of 29–39 sieve-like disc-pores ( Fig. 8E ) at inner end of atrium. Abdominal spiracles numbering 8 pairs, with anterior 6 pairs ( Fig. 8F ) developed, each with opening 20–40 μm in diameter, and a group of 5–8 sieve-like disc-pores within atrium; posteriormost 2 pairs small and tube-like, each with opening unsclerotized, 5–8 μm in diameter, lacking pores in atrium. Legs ( Fig. 8G ) developed, lengths (in μm): foreleg: entire length 900–1,106; coxa 130–150; trochanter + femur 305–380; tibia 270–330; tarsus 150–190, and claw 45–56; middle leg: entire length 980–1,208; coxa 150–160; trochanter + femur 310–385; tibia 310–390; tarsus 160–220, and claw 50–53; hind leg: entire length 1,000 –1,340; coxa 150–200; trochanter + femur 310–410; tibia 320–440; tarsus 170–230, and claw 50–60. Hind leg trochanter + femur 0.61–0.63 times as long as tibia + tarsus; tibia 1.88–1.91 times as long as tarsus. Most setae on legs hair-like; setae on coxae each 13–43 μm long, marginal setae longer; trochanters each bearing 3 or 4 (rarely 5) sensory pores on each surface, basal setae each about 10 μm long, long hair-like seta 138–170 μm long, other setae each 25–45 μm long; femora each with inner-side setae long and sturdy, each 35–50 μm long, other setae short and thin, each 18–23 μm long; tibiae each with a tuft of 13–15 long and sharply tipped digitules ( Fig. 8H ), each 48–63 μm long, remaining setae short, each 15–23 μm long; tarsi each with few setae on distal half and inner-side, each 15–25 μm long; claws ( Fig. 8I ) each with 3 small denticles (rarely 2 or 4) and a pair of pointed digitules (each 33–45 μm long) almost approaching apex of claw. Anal opening 28–38 μm wide, simple, with semicircular sclerotization without pores or setae, located dorsally on medial area of abdominal segment VIII. Vulva ( Fig. 8J ) with opening longitudinal and slit-like, 75–85 μm long, situated on venter of abdominal segment VIII.

Dorsum. With disc-pores of 2 types: (i) large simple pores ( Fig. 8K ) each 9–11 μm in diameter, with sclerotized rim, forming small groups on submargins; and (ii) compound multilocular disc-pores ( Fig. 8L ) each about 8 μm in diameter, with 3–5 subcentral loculi and 7–10 indistinct peripheral loculi; present on head marginally and scattered on terminal segment, forming transverse bands across other segments. Setae of only 1 type, short and hair-like ( Fig. 8M ), each 25–33 μm long, distribution as for multilocular disc-pores except scattered on head.

Venter. With disc-pores of 6 main types: (i) large simple pores ( Fig. 8K ), same size and structure as on dorsum but fewer, with a few medially on head, and near each coxa; (ii) compound multilocular disc-pores ( Fig. 8L ), same size and structure as on dorsum, scattered on head and with few on terminal segment, forming transverse bands across other segments; also pores ( Fig. 8N ) each with 4–8 subcentral loculi and about 12 distinct peripheral loculi, or some with irregularly distributed loculi, numbering 5–17 around each thoracic spiracle and 0–14 around each of anterior 6 pairs of abdominal spiracles; (iii) bilocular compound multilocular disc-pores ( Fig. 8O ), each slightly oval, about 10 μm wide, with 2 subcentral loculi and a ring of indistinct peripheral loculi, present on 3 or 4 posteriormost abdominal segments, numerous on apical segment; (iv) thick-rimmed simple pores ( Fig. 8P ) each 6–7 μm in diameter, present on abdominal segments VI –VIII; (v) sieve-like disc-pores ( Fig. 8E ) each about 8 μm in diameter, some slightly polygonal, each with many irregularly distributed loculi, forming groups in atria of thoracic and anteriormost 6 pairs of abdominal spiracles; and (vi) thin-rimmed simple pores ( Fig. 8Q ), each 4–5 μm in diameter, numbering 12–18 pores within group of large simple pores on prothorax. Setae of 2 types: (i) hair-like setae ( Fig. 8M ), each 30–150 μm long, short setae present on submargin and margin of each segment and scattered on abdominal segment VIII, longer setae present medially on head, thorax and abdominal segments I–VII; and (ii) short conical spine-like setae ( Fig. 8R ) with sclerotized basal sockets, each 5–8 μm long; with 4–8 around each thoracic spiracle, and 0–4 around each of anterior 6 pairs of abdominal spiracles.

Remarks. The adult female of N. tangi is closest to that of N. zizyphi in having the following character states: (i) bilocular compound multilocular disc-pores present on posteriormost 3 segments of ventral abdomen; (ii) each tibia with a tuft of long, sharply-tipped digitules; (iii) claw often with 3 small denticles; and (iv) large simple pores absent from venter of abdominal segments II–VIII. Adult female N. tangi differ from those of N. zizyphi by having (contrasting character state in N. zizyphi in parentheses): (i) thick-rimmed simple pores present ventrally on posteriormost 3 abdominal segments (pores only present on venter of last abdominal segment); and (ii) 12–18 thin-rimmed simple pores present within group of large simple pores on prothorax (only 1–9 thin-rimmed simple pores present there).

First-instar nymph (crawler) (sexes indistinguishable)

Appearance in life ( Fig. 3D ). Body elongate and yellowish; antennae and legs developed.

Slide-mounted material (n=7) ( Fig. 9 ). Body 0.7–0.8 mm long and 0.2–0.3 mm wide; derm membranous. Antennae 7 segmented, situated close to each other, total length each 145–160 μm long; segment measurements (in µm): I largest, 30–33 long and 38–40 wide; II, 28–33 long and about 15 wide; III smallest, 6–8 long and 11–13 wide; IV, 15–20 long and 15–18 wide; V, 18–20 long and about 18 wide; VI, 23–25 long and 23–25 wide; and VII, 20–28 long and 23–25 wide; distal 2 segments completely sclerotized, swollen with truncated apex. Segments I– V each with sclerotized base and membranous apex. Pedicel (segment II) with 1 circular sensory pore; segment III without setae, segment V with sensory seta and 4 hair-like setae; segment VII with a pair of coeloconic sensilla, 5 sensory setae (each 7–10 μm long) and 4 long hair-like setae (each 20–30 μm long) distally, plus 1 sensory seta proximally; remaining segments each with 3 or 4 hair-like setae, each 8–19 μm long. Eyes slightly sclerotized, each 15–25 μm wide, situated laterad of scape. Mouthparts present: labium ( Fig. 9A ) 2 segmented, 75–80 μm long and 53–58 μm wide; segment I 38–40 μm long, with margin sclerotized and centre membranous, and a pair of short setae (each about 5 μm long) on each side; segment II 40–43 μm long, with centre strongly sclerotized, and 2 apical hair-like setae (each 8–10 μm long) on each side. Clypeolabral shield longer than labium, 163–175 μm long and 95–123 μm wide; stylets very long. Legs developed, lengths (in μm): foreleg: entire length 171–175; coxa 28–30; trochanter + femur 75–80; tibia 23–25; tarsus 25–30, and claw 13–15; middle leg: entire length 178–191; coxa 20–28; trochanter + femur 70–75; tibia 33–35; tarsus 30–35, and claw 15–18; hind leg: entire length 25–28; coxa 25–28; trochanter + femur 75–80; tibia 35–38; tarsus 35–38, and claw 16–18. Hind leg trochanter + femur 1.0–1.2 times as long as tibia + tarsus, tibia and tarsus of hind leg almost equal in length. A pair of apodemal sclerotized bars present on venter, each originating from outer basal corner of front coxa and extending almost to antennal base, 130–135 μm long. Each segment of leg except for trochanter with a few hair-like setae, each 7–8 μm long; trochanters each bearing 2 sensory pores on each surface plus 1 long and hair-like seta, 50–69 μm long; femora each robust with convex upper side; tarsi each with 1 sensory pore near base; claws ( Fig. 9B ) each with 1 plantar denticle near extremity, plus a pair of claw digitules each with expanded apex, longer than claw, 17–18 μm long. Thoracic spiracles ( Fig. 9C ) each with opening 5–7 μm in diameter, a sclerotized bar, and 1 sieve-like disc-pore ( Fig. 9D ) within atrium. Abdominal spiracles ( Fig. 9E ) numbering only 1 pair, on segment I, each with opening about 2.5 μm in diameter, without a pore in atrium. Anal opening located medially on last dorsal segment, with U-shaped sclerotized ring, about 5 μm wide. Dorsum of head and prothorax with submedial interrupted longitudinal apodemal sclerotized bar on each side. Abdominal segments VII and VIII each with circular cicatrix, 7–10 μm in diameter, on ventral midline, these forming a single medio-longitudinal row. A pair of long caudal setae present at posterior end, each 100–125 μm long.

Dorsum. With disc-pores of only 1 type, simple multilocular disc-pores, distributed as follows: pores ( Fig. 9F ) each about 8 μm in diameter, with usually 7, 9 or 10 subcentral loculi, numbering 3 pairs: with 1 pore present near each antennal base (but in 1 individual, the pair of pores with 4 subcentral loculi and about 5 μm in diameter), situated posterior to each eye and located on margins of prothorax; and pores ( Fig. 9G ) each 5–6 μm in diameter, with 3–7 (mostly 5) subcentral loculi, numbering 9 pairs, with a pair located on margins of each of mesothorax, metathorax and abdominal segments II–VIII. Setae of only 1 type present: short hair-like setae, each 7–8 μm long; a few scattered over head and thorax and distributed in 4 longitudinal lines on abdomen (2 submedian and 2 marginal lines); setae on posterior of abdomen longer, each 15–25 μm long.

Venter. With disc-pores of 3 types: (i) compound multilocular disc-pores ( Fig. 9H ), each about 10 µm in diameter, with 6 subcentral loculi surrounded by about 14 peripheral loculi, present singly laterad to each spiracle; (ii) a single bilocular pore ( Fig. 9I ), about 5 µm wide, present on either side of labium; and (iii) single sieve-like disc-pores ( Fig. 9D ), each 5–8 μm in diameter and with many loculi, present within each thoracic spiracular atrium. Setae of 2 types: (i) short conical spine-like setae ( Fig. 9J ) with sclerotized basal sockets, each about 3 µm long, with 1 near each thoracic spiracle; and (ii) hair-like setae, each 8–38 µm long, present in 2 submedian and marginal longitudinal lines on abdomen, a few also present on head and thorax, with setae on median area and at posterior end longer than other setae.

Second-instar nymph (cyst) (sexes indistinguishable)

Appearance in life ( Fig 3E ). Body ovoid and yellowish, antennae and legs lacking.

Slide-mounted material (n=3) ( Fig. 10 ). Body 1.3–1.7 mm long and 0.7–1.0 mm wide; derm membranous, but abdominal apex becoming sclerotized with age. Antennae ( Fig. 10A ) reduced to small oval plates, each 18–20 μm in diameter, with margin sclerotized and protruding anteriorly, situated close together medially on head, bearing 6 or 7 setae, each 20–38 μm long. Eyes absent. Labium ( Fig. 10B ) 2 segmented, 95–98 μm long and 55–72 μm wide; segment I 40–45 μm long, with a pair of short setae (each about 5 μm long) on each side; segment II 55–60 μm long, sclerotized, with 2 apical hair-like setae (each 20–23 μm long) on each side. Clypeolabral shield longer than labium, 250–305 μm long and 160–175 μm wide; stylets present. Legs absent. Thoracic spiracles ( Fig. 10C ) sclerotized, each with opening 13–18 μm in diameter, a sclerotized bar and group of 6 or 7 sieve-like disc-pores ( Fig. 10D ) in atrium. Abdominal spiracles numbering 8 pairs, with anterior 5 pairs ( Fig. 10E ) sclerotized, each with opening 8–13 μm in diameter, and 2–4 sieve-like disc-pores within atrium; posteriormost 3 pairs lacking pores in atria; sixth pair ( Fig. 10F ) on abdominal segment VI slightly sclerotized, each with opening about 3 μm in diameter; posteriormost 2 pairs unsclerotized, small and tube-like, each with opening about 2.5 μm in diameter. Anal opening with U-shaped sclerotized ring 13–15 μm wide, without pores or setae, located medially on posteriormost dorsal segment. Cicatrices absent.

Dorsum. With disc-pores of 2 types: (i) large simple pores ( Fig. 10G ), each 7–10 µm in diameter and with sclerotized rim, 1 pore present on each submargin, some segments with 2 pores or none; and (ii) compound multilocular disc-pores ( Fig. 10H ), each 8–10 µm in diameter, with 5–8 subcentral loculi surrounded by outer ring of 17–20 peripheral loculi, present on margins from head to abdominal segment I or II. Setae of only 1 type: spine-like setae ( Fig. 10I ), each 10–13 μm long, present in submarginal and submedial areas.

Venter. With disc-pores of 2 main types: (i) compound multilocular disc-pores ( Fig. 10H ), same size and structure as on dorsum; forming group around each thoracic spiracle and present on margin except for apical abdominal segment; smaller ones ( Fig. 10J ), each 7–8 µm in diameter, with 6 subcentral loculi and without peripheral loculi, or with irregularly distributed loculi, numbering 2–4 pores between antennal bases; and (ii) sieve-like disc-pores ( Fig. 10D ), each 5–8 µm in diameter, with many irregularly distributed loculi, present within atria of thoracic and anterior 5 pairs of abdominal spiracles. Setae of 3 types: (i) hair-like setae ( Fig. 10K ), each 18–23 μm long, present singly on submedial prothorax, by mesothoracic spiracles and on submargins of abdominal segment I; (ii) spine-like setae ( Fig. 10I ), same size as on dorsum, few on margins of 2 posteriormost abdominal segments; and (iii) short conical spine-like setae ( Fig. 10L ) with sclerotized basal sockets, each about 3.5 μm long, with 1 or 2 near each hair-like seta and each thoracic and abdominal spiracle, except for posteriormost pair.

Third-instar female nymph (cyst)

Appearance in life ( Figs 3E and F ). Living under bark, surrounded by flocculent wax. Body ovoid, yellowish but posterior part yellow brown, antennae and legs lacking.

Slide-mounted material (n=8) ( Fig. 11 ). Body 1.8–3.5 mm long and 1.0– 1.6 mm wide; derm membranous medially, sclerotized marginally, with posterior part becoming strongly sclerotized. Antennae ( Fig. 11A ) reduced to small oval plates, each 20–28 μm in diameter, with margin sclerotized and protruding anteriorly, bearing 6 or 7 setae, each seta 23–43 μm long; situated close together medially on head. Eyes absent. Labium ( Fig. 11B ) 2 segmented, 128–158 μm long and 93–133 μm wide; segment I 48–53 μm long, with margin sclerotized and centre membranous, a pair of short setae (each about 5 μm long) on each side; segment II 83–88 μm, sclerotized, with 3 apical hair-like setae (each 18–25 μm long) on each side. Clypeolabral shield longer than labium, 295–360 μm long and 175–200 μm wide; stylets present. Legs absent. Thoracic spiracles ( Fig. 11C ) sclerotized, each with opening 23–28 μm in diameter, a sclerotized bar and a group of 21 or 22 sieve-like disc-pores ( Fig. 11D ) at inner end of atrium. Abdominal spiracles numbering 8 pairs; anterior 6 pairs ( Fig. 11E ) sclerotized, each with opening 13–23 μm in diameter and 6–10 sieve-like disc-pores ( Fig. 11D ) within atrium; posteriormost 2 pairs unsclerotized, small and tube-like, each with opening 3–5 μm in diameter and lacking pores within atrium. Ventral triangular sclerotization ( Fig. 11F ) (in position of vulva on adult) present medially on abdominal segment VIII. Anal opening ( Fig. 11G ) with a U-shaped sclerotization without pores or setae, 15–25 μm wide, located medially on posteriormost dorsal segment. Cicatrices absent.

Dorsum. With disc-pores of 2 types: (i) large simple pores ( Fig. 11H ), each 10–12 µm in diameter, with sclerotized rim, forming group of 3–15 on each submargin of each segment, numerous on posterior abdominal segments; (ii) compound multilocular disc-pores ( Fig. 11I ), each 8–10 µm in diameter, with 5–8 subcentral loculi surrounded by outer ring of 14–18 peripheral loculi, present on margins from head to abdominal segment VI. Setae of only 1 type present: spine-like setae ( Fig. 11J ), each 13–23 μm long, present in submarginal and submedial areas, and 2 submedian lines on abdominal segments II–VIII.

Venter. With disc-pores of 3 main types: (i) compound multilocular disc-pores ( Fig. 11I ), same size and structure as on dorsum; present on margin except for 2 posteriormost segments; smaller ones ( Fig. 11K ), each about 7.5 μm in diameter, with 5 or 6 subcentral loculi and 9–18 peripheral loculi, but some with irregularly distributed loculi, numbering 8–13 pores between antennal bases; (ii) sieve-like disc-pores ( Fig. 11D ), each 7–8 µm in diameter, some slightly polygonal, with many irregularly distributed loculi, present within atria of thoracic and anterior 6 pairs of abdominal spiracles; and (iii) large simple pores ( Fig. 11H ), same size and structure as on dorsum, present singly near hair-like setae on each side prothorax. Setae of 3 types: (i) hair-like setae ( Fig. 11L ), each 18–23 μm long, 1 situated submedially on prothorax, and submarginally on mesothorax and abdominal segment I; (ii) spine-like setae ( Fig. 11J ), same size as on dorsum, situated on margins and submargins; and (iii) short conical spine-like setae ( Fig. 11M ) with sclerotized basal sockets, each about 5 μm long; with 1–3 near each hair-like seta, 3–5 around each thoracic spiracle and 1–4 around each abdominal spiracle.

Figures

FIGURE 3. Habitus photographs: Neogreenia ficus Zheng & Wu, sp. n.: A. Dorsal view of adult female. Neogreenia tangi Zheng & Wu, sp. n. (B–F): B. Dorsal view of adult female; C. Ventral view of adult female; D. First-instar nymphs; E. Adult female, and third- and second-instar nymphs; F. Third-instar female nymph.

FIGURE 8. Adult female of Neogreenia tangi Zheng & Wu, sp. n.: A. Antenna; B. Dorsum of antennal segments I and II; C. Labium; D. Thoracic spiracle; E. Sieve-like disc-pore; F. Abdominal spiracle; G. Leg; H. Pointed tibial digitule; I. Claw; J. Vulva; K. Large simple pore; L. Compound multilocular disc-pores; M. Hair-like seta; N. Compound multilocular disc-pores around spiracle; O. Bilocular compound multilocular disc-pore; P. Thick-rimmed simple pore; Q. Thin-rimmed simple pore; R. Short conical spine-like seta with sclerotized basal socket.

FIGURE 9. First-instar nymph of Neogreenia tangi Zheng & Wu, sp. n.: A. Labium; B. Claw; C. Thoracic spiracle; D. Sievelike disc-pore; E. Abdominal spiracle; F. Simple multilocular disc-pores on head and prothorax; G. Simple multilocular discpores on mesothorax, metathorax and abdomen; H. Compound multilocular disc-pore; I. Bilocular pore; J. Short conical spinelike seta with sclerotized basal socket.

FIGURE 10. Second-instar nymph of Neogreenia tangi Zheng & Wu, sp. n.: A. Antenna; B. Labium; C. Thoracic spiracle; D. Sieve-like disc-pore; E. Anterior 5 pairs of abdominal spiracles; F. Abdominal spiracle on segment VI; G. Large simple pore; H. Compound multilocular disc-pores; I. Spine-like seta; J. Compound multilocular disc-pores between antennae; K. Hair-like seta; L. Short conical spine-like seta with sclerotized basal socket.

FIGURE 11. Third-instar female nymph of Neogreenia tangi Zheng & Wu, sp. n.: A. Antenna; B. Labium; C. Thoracic spiracle; D. Sieve-like disc-pore; E. Anterior 6 pairs of abdominal spiracles; F. Ventral triangular sclerotization; G. Anal opening; H. Large simple pore; I. Compound multilocular disc-pores; J. Spine-like seta; K. Compound multilocular disc-pores between antennae; L. Hair-like seta; M. Short conical spine-like seta with sclerotized basal socket.