Philonthus nigrolucens, Cameron, 1959, 1937

Herman, Taphylininae Iochini Aorothiini Thiini Latyprosopini Taphylinini Mblyopinina Nisolinina Yptiomina Hilonthina Lee H., 2001, Catalog of the Staphylinidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). 1758 to the End of the Second Millennium. V. Staphylinine Group (Part 2) Staphylininae: Diochini, Maorothiini, Othiini, Platyprosopini, Staphylinini (Amblyopinina, Anisolinina, Hyptiomina, Philonthina), Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 2001 (265), pp. 2441-3020 : 2441-3020

nigrolucens Cameron, 1959 , see: diatrechoides Tottenham, 1962 . nigropolitus Bernhauer, 1916 , see: rotundicollis Ménétriés, 1832 .

nigroscutellatus Lecoq, 1997: 280 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Madagascar Est. parc de Ranomafana, 900 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.

nilgiriensis Cameron, 1920 , see: quediiformis Cameron, 1932 .

nilgiriensis Cameron, 1920 , see: remotus Fauvel, 1895 .

nimbicola Fauvel, 1874: 231 [= 1874a: 457] ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mont Rosa, Macugnaga).

— Mulsant and Rey, 1876: 361 [= 1877: 217] ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 443 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 348 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1351 ( Philonthus ; variety of montivagus ).

— Wüsthoff, 1937: 32 ( Philonthus ; illustration of aedeagus).

— Lohse, 1956: 87 ( Philonthus ; cited as valid species; characters; notes).

— Smetana, 1959: 146 ( Philonthus ; variety of montivagus ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1960: 363, 365 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Kenonthus ; characters; Alps).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 435 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Kenonthus ; characters; Alps).

— Coiffait, 1974: 298 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Kenonthus ; characters; Alps).

— Lohse, 1988: 42 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Lucht, 1987: 104 ( Philonthus ; subspecies of montivagus ; checklist; Germany; Austria; Switzerland).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 163 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Pilon and Zanetti, 1991: 59 ( Philonthus ; notes; Italy).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

- DISTRIBUTION: France, Italy.

jureceki Rambousek, 1913: 116 , 118 ( Quedius ; subgenus Ediquus ; Type locality: Folgario; Mont Cenis).

— Gridelli, 1924d: 69 ( Quedius ; characters; Italy).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1351 ( Philonthus ; synonym of montivagus ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 298 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nimbicola ).

nimboides Tottenham, 1949b: 315 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: S. Rhodesia: Vumbu Mts. ,

alt. 5700 feet; Cloudlands, Vumbu Mts., alt. 6000 feet).

— Tottenham, 1962: 163 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Zimbabwe.

nimeaglius Tottenham, 1962: 172 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Kenya: Molo, Mau Escarpment, 2150 –2200 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Kenya.

nimeikopus Tottenham, 1962: 199 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Congo: Blukwa ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

nitens Gravenhorst, 1802 , see: varians Paykull, 1789 .

nitens Kraatz, 1859 , see: argutus Herman, 2001 .

nitescens Horn, 1884 , see: gaudens Tottenham, 1939 .

nitescens Stephens, 1832 , see: albipes Gravenhorst, 1802 .

nitidicollis Lacordaire, 1835: 401 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Paris).

— Erichson, 1839a: 454 ( Philonthus ; synonym of bimaculatus ).

— Erichson, 1840: 448 ( Philonthus ; synonym of bimaculatus ).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 584 ( Philonthus ; synonym of varius ).

— Fauvel, 1869: 489 ( Philonthus ; synonym of varius ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 448 ( Philonthus ; variety of varius ).

— Reitter, 1909: 128 ( Philonthus ; aberration of varius ; characters; Germany).

— Donisthorpe, 1930: 95 ( Philonthus ; aberration of bimaculatus ; characters; Britain).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1334 ( Philonthus ; synonym of bimaculatus ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1353 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Cameron, 1950g: 36 ( Philonthus ; Belgian Congo).

— Smetana, 1953: 118 ( Philonthus ; aberration of bimaculatus ; Turkey).

— Smetana, 1958: 185 ( Philonthus ; aberration of bimaculatus ).

— Smetana, 1959: 151 ( Philonthus ; aberration of bimaculatus ; characters).

— Scheerpeltz, 1961d: 129 ( Philonthus ; aberration of bimaculatus ; Italy).

— Scheerpeltz, 1963: 12 ( Philonthus ; aberration of bimaculatus ; Afghanistan).

— Scheerpeltz, 1965b: 402 ( Philonthus ; aberration of bimaculatus ; Sicily).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 398 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; North Africa).

— Coiffait, 1970e: 62 ( Philonthus ; Laconia).

— Coiffait, 1974: 250 ( Philonthus ; characters; Europe; Britain; Sweden; North Africa; Anatolia; Lebanon; Caucasus; Persia; Transcaspian region).

— Bordoni, 1975a: 152 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Pace and Zanetti, 1977: 294 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; Britain).

— Raichev, 1979: 83 ( Philonthus ; Bulgaria).

— Tronquet, 1981: 70 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Coiffait, 1983e: 478 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Bordoni, 1984: 342 ( Philonthus ; Lebanon).

— Tóth, 1984: 55 ( Philonthus ; characters; Hungary).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 165 ( Philonthus ; note).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Czech Republic; Slovakia).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Assing and Wunderle, 2001: 37 ( Philonthus ; Cyprus).

- DISTRIBUTION: Libya, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Europe, Russia, Caucasus, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Iran, “Transcaspia”, Afghanistan.

bimaculatus Gravenhorst, 1802: 38 ( Staphylinus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Not cited, but presumably Brunsvigae ).

— Latreille, 1804: 321 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany; France).

— Gravenhorst, 1806: 63 ( Staphylinus ).

— Curtis, 1829: 26 ( Philonthus ; catalog; Britain).

— Stephens, 1832: 239 ( Philonthus ; characters; England).

— Runde, 1835: 9 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany).

— Lacordaire, 1835: 400 ( Staphylinus ; characters; France).

— Curtis, 1836: pl. 610 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Nordmann, 1837: 92 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Erichson, 1839a: 454 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Heer, 1839: 261 ( Philonthus ; characters; Switzerland).

— Stephens, 1839: 398 ( Philonthus ; characters; England).

— Erichson, 1840: 448 ( Philonthus ; characters; Prussia; Germany; France; Italy).

— Jacobsen, 1849: 692 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Redtenbacher, 1849: 700 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Küster, 1853a: 56 ( Philonthus ; characters; Prussia; Germany; Switzerland; France; Italy).

— Rosenhauer, 1856: 71 ( Philonthus ; Cadiz; Algeciras).

— Fairmaire and Laboulbène, 1856: 515 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 584 ( Philonthus ; synonym of varius ).

— Redtenbacher, 1857: 190 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Fauvel, 1874: 250 [= 1874a: 476] ( Philonthus ; variety of varius ).

— Redtenbacher, 1874: 209 ( Philonthus ; characters; Austria).

— Fauvel, 1878: 125 [= 1878a: 45] ( Philonthus ; variety of varius ; Algeria).

— Fauvel, 1886: 56 [= 1886a: 48] ( Philonthus ; Algeria).

— Fauvel, 1902b: 112 ( Philonthus ; Morocco; Algeria; Tunisia).

— Reitter, 1909: 128 ( Philonthus ; aberration of varius ; characters; Germany).

— Gridelli, 1924e: 177 ( Philonthus ; Persia).

— Gridelli, 1930: 72 ( Philonthus ; Libya).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1334 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Wüsthoff, 1934: 60 ( Philonthus ; illustration of aedeagus).

— Kloet and Hincks, 1945: 166 ( Philonthus ; cited as an invalid name; Britain).

— V. Hansen, 1952: 56 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Smetana, 1953: 118 ( Philonthus ; Turkey).

— Smetana, 1958: 185 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia).

— Smetana, 1959: 151 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Scheerpeltz, 1961h: 252 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Scheerpeltz, 1963: 11 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Palm, 1963b: 72 ( Philonthus ; characters; Sweden; Denmark).

— Lohse, 1964: 179 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; central Europe).

— Scheerpeltz, 1964a: 300 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Crete).

— Horion, 1965: 144 ( Philonthus ; Turkey; Caucasus; Siberia ; Mesopotamia; Afghanistan; Uzbekistan; Iberian Peninsula to Italy; Dalmatia; Corfu; Montenegro; Greece; France to Poland and Russia; Denmark; Sweden; Germany; Austria).

— Raianu, 1968a: 466 ( Philonthus ; Romania).

— Szujecki, 1968a: 729 ( Philonthus ; Poland).

— Coiffait, 1974: 250 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidicollis ).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidicollis ).

— Smetana, 1978: 117 ( Philonthus ; collecting notes; Israel).

— Lucht, 1987: 105 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Germany; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Switzerland; France; Benelux; Denmark; Sweden).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 165 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidicollis ).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidicollis ).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidicollis ).

rosarius Tottenham, 1945: 71 ( Philonthus ; variety of nitidicollis ; replacement name for bimaculatus Gravenhorst ; [Note: Unnecessary replacement name; nitidicollis predates rosarius ]).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 398 ( Philonthus ; variety of nitidicollis ; characters).

— Coiffait, 1970e: 62 ( Philonthus ; variety of nitidicollis ; Cyprus).

— Coiffait, 1974: 250 ( Philonthus ; variety of nitidicollis ).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidicollis ).

instigma Coiffait, 1970e: 64 ( Philonthus ; variety of nitidicollis ; [Note: Nomen nudum (Article 15.2)]; cited from Val Cédri, 1500 m, Chypre).

— Coiffait, 1974: 251 ( Philonthus ; variety of nitidicollis ).

nitidicollis Klug, 1855 , see: sanamus Tottenham, 1955 .

nitidus Fabricius, 1787: 220 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Kiliae).

— Paykull, 1789: 40 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Sweden).

— Gmelin, 1790: 2028 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Fabricius, 1793: 524 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Schrank, 1798: 640 ( Staphylinus ; characters; notes).

— Cederhjelm, 1798: 118 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Paykull, 1800: 390 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Sweden).

— Fabricius, 1801: 596 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany).

— Turton, 1802: 511 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Kiel).

— Latreille, 1804: 318 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Gravenhorst, 1806: 42 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Gyllenhal, 1810: 315 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Sweden).

— Germar, 1827: 2 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany; Sweden; Italy).

— Zetterstedt, 1828: 74 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Lapland).

— Curtis, 1829: 25 ( Quedius ; catalog; Britain).

— C. Sahlberg, 1830: 320 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Finland).

— Pilon and Zanetti, 1991: 61 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Czech Republic; Slovakia).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Kashcheev, 1999a: 57 ( Philonthus ; Kazakhstan).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 137 ( Philonthus ; characters; Russia; Mongolia).

- DISTRIBUTION: Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mongolia.

saxatilis Schrank, 1781: 234 ( Staphylinus ; [Note: Nomen dubium]; Type locality: Austria).

— Herbst, 1784: 150 ( Staphylinus ; Germany).

— Rossi, 1790: 250 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Italy).

— Gmelin, 1790: 2031 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany, France).

— Turton, 1802: 516 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany).

— Gravenhorst, 1802: 33 ( Staphylinus ; synonym of nitidus Fabricius ).

coenosus Gravenhorst, 1806: 51 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Norimbergae; Borussia).

— Gyllenhal, 1810: 315 ( Staphylinus ; synonym of nitidus Fabricius ).

— C. Sahlberg, 1830: 320 ( Staphylinus ; synonym of nitidus Fabricius ).

— Lacordaire, 1835: 386 ( Staphylinus ; characters; France).

— Zetterstedt, 1838: 63 ( Staphylinus ; synonym of nitidus Fabricius ).

— Erichson, 1839a: 448 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidus ).

— Erichson, 1840: 436 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidus ).

— Redtenbacher, 1849: 700 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidus ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 443 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 348 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidus ).

— Smetana, 1958: 160 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidus ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 225 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidus ).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 137 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nitidus ).

niziensis Cameron, 1933 , see: xanthoraphis Eppelsheim, 1895 .

nobilis Bernhauer, 1910 , see: Laetulonthus .

notabilis Kraatz, 1859: 79 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ceylan; India orientalis).

— Fauvel, 1886b: 150 ( Philonthus ; Philippines; Ceylon; East Indies; Annam).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 348 ( Philonthus ; catalog; Philippines).

— Cameron, 1921a: 376, 405 ( Philonthus ; characters; Singapore).

— Cameron, 1932: 76 ( Philonthus ; characters; Ceylon; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1353 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1954: 113 ( Philonthus , cited as Phylonthus; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1960: 5 ( Philonthus ; Pakistan).

— Nakane, 1963a: 91 ( Philonthus ; characters; habitus photograph; Japan).

— Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 87 ( Philonthus ; Nepal).

— Coiffait, 1981f: 329 ( Philonthus ; Andaman Islands).

— Ikudome and Hayakawa, 1994: 187 ( Philonthus ; cattle dung collections; Ryukyu Islands).

— Yadav, Chand, and Yadav, 1995: 6 ( Philonthus ; morphology of mitotic and meiotic chromosomes).

- DISTRIBUTION: “East Indies”, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Andaman Islands, Vietnam, Singapore, Philippines, Japan.

taprobanus Cameron, 1918b: 171 ( Quedius ; subgenus Raphirus ; Type locality: Ceylon: Kandy).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1353 ( Philonthus ; synonym of notabilis ).

noualhieri Fauvel, 1898 , see: Bisnius .

novaeguineae Cameron, 1937a: 102 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: New Guinea: Kokoda,

alt. 1200 ft.).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

novaezeelandiae Duvivier, 1883: 147 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for ruficornis Broun ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 348 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

ruficornis Broun, 1880: 111 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Whangarei Harbour).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 348 ( Philonthus ; synonym of novaezeelandiae, cited as novaezealandiae).

manaiaensis Broun, 1910: 15 ( Quedius ; replacement name for ruficornis Broun ; [Note: Unnecessary replacement name]).

— Herman, 2001: 27 ( Philonthus ; synonym of novaezeelandiae).

brounianus Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 330 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for ruficornis Broun ; [Note: Unnecessary replacement name]).

— Herman, 2001: 27 ( Philonthus ; synonym of novaezeelandiae).

novellus Last, 1952: 90 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Belgian Congo: Jadotville ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

novus Cameron, 1935 , see: Gabrius .

nudus Sharp, 1874: 36 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Cafius ; Type locality: Amakusa and Iwosima).

— Fauvel, 1874: 196 [= 1874a: 422] ( Cafius ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 362 ( Cafius ; catalog).

— Kirshenblat, 1938: 531 ( Cafius ; Russia).

— Watanabe, 1961: 354 ( Cafius ; Izu Islands).

— Watanabe and Shibata, 1965: 321 ( Cafius ; subgenus Cafius ; Japan).

— Moore, 1965: 99, 101 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes).

— Smetana, 1965a: 9 ( Cafius ; subgenus Cafius ; British Columbia).

— Coiffait, 1974a: 198 ( Cafius ; Siberia ).

— Moore, 1977b: 407 ( Philonthus ; larval characters; Washington).

— Yuh, Paik, Kwon, and Lee, 1985: 243 ( Cafius ; Korea).

— J. Li, 1993: 40 ( Cafius ; China).

— Kanehisa, Tsumuki, and Kawazu, 1994 ( Cafius ; chemical secretions).

— Smetana, 1995e: 257 ( Philonthus ; characters; British Columbia; Washington).

— Watanabe, 1998: 314 ( Philonthus ; Japan).

— Schillhammer, 1999a: 62 ( Philonthus ).

— Ryabukhin, 1999: 60 ( Cafius ; catalog; habitat; distribution; northeastern Russia).

— Naomi, Kuranishi, Saito, and Maruyama, 2000: 109 ( Philonthus ; collected from North Kuril Islands).

- DISTRIBUTION: Russia, China, Korea, Japan, Canada, USA.

johnsoni Fall, 1916: 13 ( Cafius ; Type locality: Seattle, Washington; [Note: See lectotype designation by Smetana, 1995e]).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1369 ( Cafius ; catalog).

— Hatch, 1957: 211 ( Cafius ; subspecies of nudus ; characters; British Columbia; Washington).

— Moore, 1965: 99 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nudus ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 257 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation: Seattle; synonym of nudus ).

sharpi C. Koch, 1936b: 182 ( Cafius ; aberration of nudus ; [Note: Nomen nudum (Articles 1.3.4, 45.5); preoccupied]; cited from Japan).

— Smetana, 1995e: 257 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nudus ).

grossepunctatus Bernhauer, 1939e: 154 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Japan: Oita, Beppu, N.O. Kiushiu).

— Schillhammer, 1999a: 62 ( Philonthus ; synonym of nudus ).

nugax Sharp, 1885: 414 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico, Mirador ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 348 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

numata R. Dvořák, 1958: 139 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Japan: Honshu: Numata Gumma ).

— Watanabe, 1993c ( Philonthus ; Sadogashima Island).

— J. Li, 1993: 35 ( Philonthus ; China).

- DISTRIBUTION: Japan, China.

nuristanicus Scheerpeltz, 1961b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Gefyrobius ; Type locality: Afghanistan: Gusalek).

— Coiffait, 1974: 294 ( Philonthus ; characters; Afghanistan).

- DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan.

oberti Eppelsheim, 1889: 174 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Daurien; [Note: See lectotype designation by Schillhammer, 2000]).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 348 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1353 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 397 ( Philonthus ; characters; Siberia ; eastern Asia).

— Coiffait, 1974: 232 ( Philonthus ; characters; Siberia ; East Asia).

— Schillhammer, 1999a: 62 ( Philonthus ; synonyms).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 131 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation; characters; Russia; Mongolia; North Korea; South Korea; Japan; China) .

- DISTRIBUTION: Russia, Mongolia, China, North Korea, South Korea, Japan.

beckeri Bernhauer, 1933: 30 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Szetschwan: Kinfushan).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 397 ( Philonthus ; characters; China).

— Coiffait, 1974: 279 ( Philonthus ; characters; China).

— Schillhammer, 1999a: 62 ( Philonthus ; synonym of oberti ).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 131 ( Philonthus ; synonym of oberti ).

diffusiventris Bernhauer, 1933a: 41 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Tatsienlu-Kiulung).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 397 ( Philonthus ; characters; China).

— Coiffait, 1974: 278 ( Philonthus ; characters; China).

— Schillhammer, 1999a: 62 ( Philonthus ; synonym of oberti ).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 131 ( Philonthus ; synonym of oberti ).

pseudojaponicus Bernhauer, 1936 g: 307 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: North Alp. Japan: Kamikochi ; Jesso: Nemoro).

— Nakane, 1963: A239 ( Philonthus ; Japan).

— Sawada, 1965: 15 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; Japan).

— J. Li, 1993: 36 ( Philonthus ; China).

— Schillhammer, 1999a: 62 ( Philonthus ; synonym of oberti ).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 131 ( Philonthus ; synonym of oberti ).

reflexiventris Tikhomirova, 1973: 164 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Suputinskii zapovednik; Kedrovaia Pad).

— Schillhammer, 1999a: 62 ( Philonthus ; synonym of oberti ).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 131 ( Philonthus ; synonym of oberti ).

nigrus Coiffait, 1974a: 202 ( Philonthus ; variety of oberti ; [Note: Nomen nudum (Article 15.2)]; cited from Khassan, Réserve Kedrovaia-Pad).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 131 ( Philonthus ; unavailable name; synonym of oberti ).

obex Tottenham, 1962: 182 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Tanganyika Terr.: Bunduki,

Uluguru Mts., 1500 m., gorge de la Mungula).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania.

obirensis Lohse, 1988: 42 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Obir , Kärnten).

— Lohse, 1964: 176 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; subspecies of montivagus ; cited as nimbicola ; [Note: Misidentification of obirensis according to Lohse and Lucht, 1989]; characters; Alps).

— Lohse and Lucht, 1989: 163 ( Philonthus ; characters; Alps).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

- DISTRIBUTION: Austria.

oblitus Jarrige, 1951a: 9 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Hyères, Var).

— Smetana, 1965f: 257 ( Philonthus ; Dalmatia; Haifa; France; Italy; Albania; Greece).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 429 ( Philonthus ; characters; France; Pyrenees).

— Coiffait, 1974: 198 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Hatch, 1957: 184 ( Philonthus ; characters; British Columbia; Washington; Oregon; Idaho).

— Smetana, 1995e: 344 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation: Wy. [Wyoming]; characters; notes; Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba; Northwest Territories; Ontario; Saskatchewan; Arizona; California; Colorado; Idaho; Montana; Nevada; New Mexico; North Dakota; Oregon; South Dakota; Utah; Washington; Wyoming) .

- DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA.

occipitalis Fauvel, 1879: 103 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nouvelle Guinée, Fly River).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Last, 1968: 364 ( Philonthus ; New Guinea).

— Last, 1987: 32 ( Philonthus ; Papua New Guinea).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

occultus Sharp, 1885: 407 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Guatemala).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Frank, 1982: 42 ( Philonthus ; list of parasites).

- DISTRIBUTION: Guatemala.

oceanus Hatch, 1957 , see: Gabrius .

ochricornis Tottenham, 1962: 215 , 216, 221 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Not cited, presumably Africa ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Africa.

ochrigonalis Tottenham, 1962: 156 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: S. Sudan: 18 m. E. of Yirol).

- DISTRIBUTION: Sudan.

ochripennis Cameron, 1929: 63 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Haut Uele: Moto).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1949b: 332 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

ochripennis Gerhardt, 1910 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: concinnus Gravenhorst, 1802 . ochromerus Sharp, 1885: 406 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico: Cordova; Guatemala:

near the city, San Geronimo, Zapote, Capetillo, Calderas, Cerro Zunil, Lanquin, Senahu and San Joaquin in Vera Paz; Panama, Bugaba, Volcan de Chiriqui 2000

to 4000 feet).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Frank, 1982: 42 ( Philonthus ; list of parasites).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, Guatemala, Panama.

ochropus Gravenhorst, 1802 , see: concinnus Gravenhorst, 1802 .

octopunctus Bernhauer, 1928 g: 112 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Belgisch-Kongo: Magumbe Tshela; Tengo Katanta, Manyema).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; cited as octopunctatus; catalog).

— Cameron, 1950g: 36 ( Philonthus ; cited as octopunctatus; Belgian Congo).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

ocularis Bernhauer, 1928 g: 107 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Belg.- Kongo: Haut-Uele :

Watsa, Moto).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

oculatus Bernhauer, 1902b: 28 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Negombo).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Bernhauer, 1922a: 151 ( Philonthus ; Indochina; Cambodia).

— Cameron, 1932: 143 ( Philonthus ; characters; Ceylon).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Vietnam.

ocypoides Schubert, 1911: 22 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nguelo, Usambara).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1953a: 141 ( Philonthus ; characters in key).

— Tottenham, 1961: 204 ( Philonthus ; Senegal).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania, Senegal.

oebalus Tottenham, 1953: 147 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Caucasus : Armenien Geb.).

— Smetana, 1955: 207 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; Hungary).

— Smetana, 1958: 215 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; ecology; Czechoslovakia). — Smetana, 1959: 164 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Lohse, 1964: 184 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; Slovakia).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 425 ( Philonthus ; synonym of viridipennis ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 202 ( Philonthus ; synonym of viridipennis ).

— Lucht, 1987: 105 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Czechoslovakia).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; cited as valid species; Slovakia).

- DISTRIBUTION: Armenia, Hungary, Slovakia.

oenotrus Smetana, 1991a: 228 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico: Chiapas, Mt. Tzontehuitz , Chis. 9500 ft.).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

ohizumi R. Dvořák, 1958: 136 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Japan: Tokyo, Ohizumi ).

— Nakane and Sawada, 1960: A124 ( Philonthus ; cited as ohizumii; Yakushima Island).

— Watanabe and Shibata, 1972: 64 ( Philonthus ; cited as ohizumii; Yaku-shima Island).

- DISTRIBUTION: Japan.

oklahomensis Hatch and Ortenburger, 1930 , see: hepaticus Erichson, 1840 .

oligostigma Leinberg, 1900 , see: carbonarius Gravenhorst, 1802 .

olfactorius Gistel, 1857: 19 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Nomen dubium]; Type locality: Styria).

- DISTRIBUTION: Austria.

onthomanes Gistel, 1857: 84 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Nomen dubium]; Type locality: Bavaria).

- DISTRIBUTION: Germany.

opacigaster Bierig, 1940a: 143 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Gabrius ; Type locality: Panamá:

Volcán de Chiriqui, 1500 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Panama.

opacinus Scheerpeltz, 1933 , see: quisquiliarius Gyllenhal, 1810 .

opacipennis Notman, 1919: 135 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mooers, Clinton Co., New York). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1965: 26 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; characters; Nova Scotia; Newfoundland). — Smetana, 1995e: 332 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; Alberta; British Columbia; Manitoba;

New Brunswick; Newfoundland ; Northwest Territories; Nova Scotia; Ontario ; Quebec ; Saskatchewan ; Alaska; Connecticut; Illinois; Iowa; Maine; Massachusetts; Michigan; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New York; Ohio; Pennsylvania; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming). — Downie and Arnett , 1996: 380 ( Philonthus ; characters; USA) .

- DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA.

opaciventris Fauvel, 1907 , see: xanthoraphis Eppelsheim, 1895 .

opacus Gravenhorst, 1802 , see: varians Paykull, 1789 .

opacus LeConte, 1863 , see: Cafius .

opacus Gerhardt, 1910 , see: quisquiliarius Gyllenhal, 1810 .

ophthalmicus Bernhauer, 1941c: 288 [= 1951: 278] ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Süd Peru: Ica). - DISTRIBUTION: Peru.

optatus Sharp, 1885: 427 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico, Guanajuato).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

opulentus Erichson, 1840 , see: Gastrisus .

orcinus Tottenham, 1949b: 353 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Kivu: Lulenga ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

oreophilus Fauvel, 1877: 265 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Australie, Cap York , Somerset).

— Fauvel, 1878g: 548 ( Philonthus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Bernhauer, 1920: 16 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Cameron, 1931: 363 ( Philonthus ; New Guinea).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Frank, 1982: 42 ( Philonthus ; list of parasites).

- DISTRIBUTION: Australia, New Guinea.

oribates Jeannel and Paulian, 1945 , see: Gabronthus .

orientalis Cameron, 1937: 8 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Java: G. Tangkoeban Prahoe,

alt. 4000–5000 ft).

- DISTRIBUTION: Indonesia.

orientis Cameron, 1946a: 685 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Siam: Renong ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Thailand.

ornatipennis Reitter, 1901 , see: ustulatus Fauvel, 1875 .

ornatus Blackburn, 1888b: 47 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: South Australia).

— Blackburn, 1896: 262 ( Philonthus ; Australia).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Lea, 1925: 220 ( Philonthus ; characters; Australia).

- DISTRIBUTION: Australia.

orphanulus Erichson, 1840 , see: Erichsonius .

orphanus Erichson, 1840: 452 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Caracas Columbiae [= Venezuela]; [Note: See lectotype designation by Smetana, 1992d]).

— Fauvel, 1891: 113 ( Philonthus ; synonym of vilis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 360 ( Philonthus ; variety of vilis ).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 401 ( Philonthus ; synonym of hepaticus ).

— Smetana, 1992d: 135 ( Philonthus ; characters; lectotype designation: Caracas ; valid species; Venezuela) .

- DISTRIBUTION: Venezuela.

orphanus Erichson, 1840 , see: Erichsonius .

orroriensis Cameron, 1937 , see: Hesperus .

osseticus Kolenati, 1846 , see: Gabrius .

ottawensis Casey, 1915 , see: Gabrius .

ottoi Herman, 2001: 47 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for trapeziceps Scheerpeltz, 1965 ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Myanmar.

trapeziceps Scheerpeltz, 1965: 213 ( Philonthus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: N.E. Burma, Kambaiti , 2000 m).

— Herman, 2001: 47 ( Philonthus ; synonym of ottoi ).

ovaliceps Fall, 1930 , see: Gabrius .

ovaticeps Sharp, 1885: 421 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico, Las Vigas ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

ovatus Bernhauer, 1942c: 363 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Monts Bambouto, 2300–2500 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Cameroon.

overlaeti Bernhauer, 1935d: 103 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Lulua: Lunene ; Kasai).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

overlaetianus Bernhauer, 1936a: 22 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Lulua: Kapanga).

oviceps Lea, 1925: 222 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Queensland: Townsville ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Australia.

ovicollis Fauvel, 1905 , see: ovithorax Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914 .

ovithorax Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; replacement name for ovicollis Fauvel ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.

ovicollis Fauvel, 1905b: 179 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Preoccupied at the time it was replaced by Bernhauer and Schubert by a Broun name described in Staphylinus , moved to Philonthus and now in Gabrius ]; Type locality: Madagascar sud: Andrahomana).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; synonym of ovithorax ).

oxyporinus Sharp, 1885 , see: Belonuchus .

pachycephalus Nordmann, 1837 , see: Bisnius .

pacificus Erichson, 1840 , see: Cafius .

paederinus Sachse, 1852 , see: Bisnius .

paederoides Motschulsky, 1858: 662 ( Gabrius ; Type locality: Indes orientales).

— Fauvel, 1886b: 150 ( Philonthus ; Philippines; Ceylon; East Indies; Siam; Cochinchine).

— Bernhauer, 1902b: 26 ( Philonthus ; Ceylon).

— Fauvel, 1903: 159 ( Philonthus ; Ceylon; India; Sikkim; Burma; Siam; Indochina; Cambodia; Tonkin; Philippines; Sumatra).

— Fauvel, 1904a: 59 ( Philonthus ; Belgaum; Tudia; Nilghiris; Sikkim; Bírmanie; Siam; Indochina; Cambodia; Tonkin; Philippines; Sumatra).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Bernhauer, 1928: 16 ( Philonthus ; Sumatra).

— Cameron, 1932: 114 ( Philonthus ; characters; Ceylon; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Cameron, 1933d: 387 ( Philonthus ; Sumatra).

— Cameron, 1937: 5 ( Philonthus ; Java).

— Scheerpeltz, 1954: 114 ( Philonthus , cited as Phylonthus; Ceylon).

— Scheerpeltz, 1961f: 135 ( Philonthus ; Ceylon).

— Last, 1961: 306 ( Philonthus ; Thailand; Cambodia).

— Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 88 ( Philonthus ; Nepal).

— Coiffait, 1979d: 552 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Coiffait, 1982: 28 ( Philonthus ; Nepal).

— Coiffait, 1982a: 232 ( Philonthus ; India).

— Barrion, Litsinger, and Last, 1991: 1078 ( Philonthus ; associated with rice agroecosystem).

- DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan, India, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, Philippines.

bellus Kraatz, 1859: 83 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ceylan).

— Fauvel, 1903: 159 ( Philonthus ; synonym of paederoides ).

— Fauvel, 1904a: 59 ( Philonthus ; synonym of paederoides ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; synonym of paederoides ).

— Cameron, 1932: 114 ( Philonthus ; synonym of paederoides ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 88 ( Philonthus ; synonym of paederoides ).

obscuricollis Bernhauer, 1922a: 151 ( Philonthus ; variety of paederoides ; Type locality: Indochina: Me-Kong).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; variety of paederoides ).

paederoides LeConte, 1863 , see: Neobisnius .

paederomimus Eppelsheim, 1895: 206 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ganale Gudda, Arussi Galla).

— Fauvel, 1907: 42 ( Philonthus ; Voi; Nairobi; Abyssinia; Gallas).

— Rambousek, 1922: 1010 ( Philonthus ; Ethiopia; British East Africa).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1949b: 321 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Tottenham, 1962: 187 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia, Kenya.

paganettii Linke, 1915: 111 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Calabrien Sta. Enfemia).

— Gridelli, 1923: 24, 26 ( Philonthus ; characters; Calabria).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1343 ( Philonthus ; synonym of fulvipes ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 97 ( Paragabrius ; characters; Italy).

— Pace and Zanetti, 1977: 301 ( Paragabrius ; notes; Italy).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

- DISTRIBUTION: Italy.

pagmanensis Coiffait, 1983e: 482 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Pagmangebirge, 2300 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Afghanistan.

pahangensis Cameron, 1950d: 17 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Pahang: Bentong; Indo-China : Saigon).

- DISTRIBUTION: Malaysia, Vietnam.

pakanus Tottenham, 1962: 169 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Natal).

- DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.

palcoensis Bernhauer, 1941c: 288 [= 1951: 277] ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Süd Peru: Palco, 2600 m; Tambo).

- DISTRIBUTION: Peru.

palleolus Melsheimer, 1844 , see: hepaticus Erichson, 1840 .

palliatus Gravenhorst, 1806: 53 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: America septentrionalis; [Note: See lectotype designation by Smetana, 1995e]).

— Erichson, 1840: 474 ( Philonthus ; characters; America septentrionalis).

— Horn, 1884: 192 ( Philonthus ; characters; Canada, the middle States, west to Colorado).

— Blatchley, 1910: 383 ( Philonthus ; characters; Indiana).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Notman, 1919: 135 ( Philonthus ; New York).

— Smetana, 1965: 18 ( Philonthus ; Nova Scotia).

— Smetana, 1995e: 265 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation: Am. spt. [ America septentrionlis]; characters; Alberta; New Brunswick; Nova Scotia; Ontario; Prince Edward Island; Quebec; Colorado; Connecticut; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Montana; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New York; Ohio; Pennsylvania; Wisconsin; Wyoming) .

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 378 ( Philonthus ; characters; USA).

- DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA.

pallidicauda Bernhauer, 1939 g: 228 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Pseudophilonthus ; Type locality: Belgisches Kongo: Lulua: Kapanga; Sandoa).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

pallidipennis Fauvel, 1905d: 197 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Gabon: Libreville; Monts de Cristal ; Loango).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Gabon.

pallidipes Lynch, 1884 , see: pallipes Blanchard, 1842 .

pallipes Blanchard, 1842: 82 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: îles du Parana, en face de Corrientes). — Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Scheerpeltz, 1960c: 114 ( Philonthus ; Bolivia; Uruguay; Argentina; Paraguay; Brazil; Ecuador). - DISTRIBUTION: Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, Brazil, Ecuador.

depressus Steinheil, 1869: 253 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Sierra de Mendoza).

pallidipes Lynch, 1884: 152 ( Philonthus ; [Note: At the heading for this species, Lynch cited pallidipes Blanchard and listed pallipes Blanchard as a synonym, but it is unclear whether the former name is a misspelling or an emendation]; Type locality: îles du Parana, en face de Corrientes).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; synonym of pallipes ).

palmatus Sharp, 1885: 397 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico, Jalapa, Oaxaca; La Parada).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico.

palmi Smetana, 1955 , see: Bisnius .

palousi Hatch, 1957 , see: Bisnius .

palpalis Sharp, 1876 , see: Paederomimus .

palustris Brisout, 1859 : ccxxxii ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Collioure).

— Fauvel, 1869: 489 ( Philonthus ; synonym of virgo ).

— Fauvel, 1874: 260 [= 1874a: 486] ( Philonthus ; synonym of virgo ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 360 ( Philonthus ; synonym of virgo ).

— Jarrige, 1951a: 7, 8 ( Philonthus ; valid species; characters; France; Sardinia; Sicily; Morocco). — Coiffait, 1963: 12 ( Paragabrius ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 95 ( Paragabrius ; characters; France).

- DISTRIBUTION: Morocco, France, Italy.

pamirensis Sharp, 1878 , see: Rabigus .

panelii Scheerpeltz, 1974c: 22 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Sudan: Attara ).

- DISTRIBUTION: Sudan.

papuanus Cameron, 1931: 362 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mount Lamington, New Guinea). — Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Last, 1968: 370 ( Philonthus ; New Guinea).

— Last, 1987: 32 ( Philonthus ; Papua New Guinea; British North Borneo).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea, Borneo.

paradisianus Heer, 1839 , see: Quedius .

paradoxus Cameron, 1932: 151 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Dehra Dun).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: India.

parafrigidus Coiffait, 1963: 27 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Alpes Maritimes: Col de la Cayolle).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 400 ( Philonthus ; characters; Maritime Alps; France).

— Jarrige, 1968b: 74 ( Philonthus ; France).

— Coiffait, 1974: 255 ( Philonthus ; characters; Alps).

- DISTRIBUTION: France.

pseudopyrenaeus Coiffait, 1974: 145 , 255 ( Philonthus ; variety of parafrigidus; [Note: Nomen nudum (Article 15.2)]; cited from Haute Savoie, Lac Blanc, 2300 m). parajaponicus J. Li, 1993: 61 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mount Laoye, Shangzhi, Heilongjiang).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 159 ( Philonthus ; species incertae sedis).

- DISTRIBUTION: China.

parallelus Kraatz, 1859 , see: Cafius .

paramerus Coiffait, 1982a: 255 ( Spatulonthus ; Type locality: Nepal: Thodung via Those, 3100 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Nepal.

parasanguineus Levasseur, 1962: 242 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Thies, Sénégal).

- DISTRIBUTION: Senegal.

parcipennis Bernhauer, 1915d: 141 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Ostafrika : Kilimandscharo).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania.

parciventris Bernhauer, 1936 h: 325 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Kenya Colony: Katamayu R.). — Cameron, 1950g: 36 ( Philonthus ; Belgian Congo).

— Tottenham, 1962: 179 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Kenya, Congo.

parcus Sharp, 1874 , see: Bisnius .

parehmontanus Eichelbaum, 1912: 174 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Parehberge 2000 m).

— Eichelbaum, 1913: 130 ( Philonthus ; Tanzania).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania.

parkeri Cameron, 1932 , see: Gabrius .

particeps Tottenham, 1962: 175 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Tanganyika Terr.: Kilimanjaro, Bismarck Hügel , 3100 m).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tanzania.

parumpunctatus Erichson, 1840 , see: Bisnius .

parustus Tottenham, 1962: 193 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: S. Africa).

- DISTRIBUTION: South Africa.

parviceps Kraatz, 1859 , see: minutus Boheman, 1848 .

parvicornis Gravenhorst, 1802: 23 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Not cited, but presumably Brunsvigae ).

— Latreille, 1804: 313 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany).

— Gravenhorst, 1806: 69 ( Staphylinus ).

— Nordmann, 1837: 82 ( Philonthus ; Germany).

— Erichson, 1839a: 466 ( Philonthus ; synonym of opacus ).

— Guérin-Méneville, 1857: 40 ( Philonthus ; synonym of varians ).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 603 ( Philonthus ; synonym of agilis ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 454 ( Philonthus ; synonym of agilis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 328 ( Philonthus ; synonym of agilis ).

— Smetana, 1958: 193 ( Philonthus ; synonym of agilis ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 314 ( Spatulonthus ; characters; Holarctic region).

— Pace and Zanetti, 1977: 300 ( Spatulonthus ; Italy).

— Coiffait, 1983: 274 ( Philonthus ; Kashmir).

— Coiffait, 1983e: 478 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

— Tóth, 1984: 68 ( Philonthus ; characters; Hungary).

— Ádám, 1996: 245 ( Spatulonthus ; valid name; Hungary).

— Assing, Frisch, Kahlen, et al., 1998: 137 ( Philonthus ; note).

— Marchal and Chardonnet, 2000: 72 ( Philonthus ; Corsica).

- DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Canary Islands, Europe, Russia, Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, “Karakorum region”, Mongolia, China, India, New Guinea, Taiwan, Japan.

agilis Gravenhorst, 1806: 77 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Not cited).

— Gyllenhal, 1810: 341 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Sweden).

— Zetterstedt, 1828: 77 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Lapland).

— Curtis, 1829: 26 ( Philonthus ; catalog; Britain).

— C. Sahlberg, 1830: 328 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Finland).

— Mannerheim, 1830: 30 ( Staphylinus ; Finland; Sweden).

— Mannerheim, 1831: 444 ( Staphylinus ; Finland; Sweden).

— Stephens, 1832: 237 ( Philonthus ; characters; England).

— Curtis, 1836: pl. 610 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Nordmann, 1837: 98 ( Philonthus ; Europe).

— Raianu, 1967: 271 ( Philonthus ; characters; ecological notes; Romania).

— Raianu, 1968a: 466 ( Philonthus ; Romania).

— Szujecki, 1968a: 730 ( Philonthus ; Poland).

— Jarrige, 1971: 496 ( Spatulonthus ; Iran).

— Coiffait, 1974: 314 ( Philonthus ; synonym of parvicornis ).

— Smetana 1975c: 171 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Shilov, 1976: 150 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; Britain).

— Frank, 1982: 38 ( Philonthus ; list of parasites).

— Last, 1987: 31 ( Philonthus ; Papua New Guinea).

— Lucht, 1987: 106 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Germany; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Switzerland; France; Benelux; Denmark; Sweden).

— Pilon and Zanetti, 1991: 64 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— J. Li, 1993: 37 ( Philonthus , cited as Philothus; China).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Spatulonthus ; Czech Republic; Slovakia).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 27 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— M. Hansen, 1996: 105 ( Philonthus ; synonym of parvicornis ).

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 378 ( Philonthus ; [Note: This is a misidentification; according to Smetana, 1995e: 229, agilis does not occur in North America]; characters; USA).

— Ádám, 1996: 245 ( Spatulonthus ; synonym of agilis ).

— Gerend and Braunert, 1997: 198 ( Philonthus ; notes; Luxembourg; synonym of parvicornis ). — Assing, Frisch, Kahlen, et al., 1998: 137 ( Philonthus ; synonym of parvicornis ).

— Kashcheev, 1999a: 57 ( Philonthus ; Kazakhstan).

parvicornis Fauvel, 1907 , see: serenus Herman, 2001 .

parvimanus Sharp, 1885 , see: hepaticus Erichson, 1840 .

parvus Horn, 1884 , see: Gabrius .

pauliani Jarrige, 1970: 51 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Madagascar: Mt. Tsaratanana, 1500 m). — Lecoq, 1998: 66 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Piezarthrus ; characters; Madagascar).

- DISTRIBUTION: Madagascar.

pauper Bernhauer, 1916c: 32 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: West-Columbien: Umgebung von Cali in Caucatale, Alto de las cruces, 2200 m).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1354 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Colombia.

pauper Lea, 1931 , see: leai Scheerpeltz, 1933 .

pauxillus Solsky, 1868a: 133 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexique).

— Lynch, 1884: 153 ( Philonthus ; synonym of hepaticus ).

— Fauvel, 1891: 113 ( Philonthus ; synonym of vilis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 341 ( Philonthus ; synonym of hepaticus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 360 ( Philonthus ; synonym of vilis ).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 401 ( Philonthus ; synonym of hepaticus ).

— Blackwelder, 1944: 133 ( Philonthus ; synonym of hepaticus ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 179 ( Philonthus ; valid species; characters; notes; Alabama; Florida;

North Carolina; Texas; Mexico).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mexico, USA.

pavidus Erichson, 1847: 89 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Republica Peruana).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 349 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Peru.

peculiaris Last, 1974 , see: rectangulus Sharp, 1874 .

pedarius Cameron, 1950 g: 37 ( Philonthus ; variety of affinis ; Type locality: Ruanda: Ninda, alt. 2150 m).

— Tottenham, 1956: 225, 276 ( Philonthus ; valid species; characters; Ruanda).

— Tottenham, 1962: 160 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Fauvel, 1874: 255 [= 1874a: 481] ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 454 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Fauvel, 1898a: 118 ( Philonthus ; Seychelles).

— Fauvel, 1903e: 241 ( Philonthus ; Cameroon; tropical and southern Africa; Madagascar; Comoro Islands; Mauritia; Réunion; Seychelles; Sikkim; Kashmir).

— Fauvel, 1904a: 60 ( Philonthus ; Kashmir; Sikkim; Seychelles; Maurice; Réunion; Madagascar; Comoro Islands; tropical Africa; Cape).

— H. Kolbe, 1910: 19 ( Philonthus ; Seychelles).

— Eichelbaum, 1913: 130 ( Philonthus ; Tanzania).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 350 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Bernhauer, 1922b: 176 ( Philonthus ; variety of bisignatus ; Seychelles).

— Rambousek, 1922: 1008 ( Philonthus ; Ethiopia).

— Cameron, 1932: 133 ( Philonthus ; characters; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Wüsthoff, 1937a: 347 ( Philonthus ; illustration of aedeagus).

— Bernhauer and Chapman, 1939: 69 ( Philonthus ; Kenya).

— Bernhauer, 1940: 136 ( Philonthus ; Uganda).

— Cerruti, 1941 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— Bernhauer, 1942c: 362 ( Philonthus ; Cameroon; Ivory Coast).

— Tottenham, 1949b: 345 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Cameron, 1950g: 33 ( Philonthus ; Belgian Congo).

— Cameron, 1952e: 832 ( Philonthus ; Dahomey).

— Tottenham, 1955: 165 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Spatulonthus ; characters; notes; Africa; Seychelles; India).

— Tottenham, 1956: 227 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Spatulonthus ; Ruanda; Urundi).

— Tottenham, 1961: 205 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Spatulonthus ; Senegal).

— Tottenham, 1962: 140 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Spatulonthus ; Tanganyika; Uganda).

— Levasseur, 1966a: 1214 ( Spatulonthus ; Congo).

— Levasseur, 1968a: 53 ( Spatulonthus ; Central African Republic).

— Levasseur, 1971: 299 ( Spatulonthus ; Sierra Leone).

— Scheerpeltz, 1974: 146 ( Philonthus ; South West Africa; South Africa).

— Scheerpeltz, 1976a: 89 ( Philonthus ; Nepal).

— Jarrige, 1978: 291 ( Spatulonthus ; Madagascar).

— Coiffait, 1982: 29 ( Philonthus ; Nepal).

— Coiffait, 1983: 274 ( Philonthus ; Kashmir).

— Lecoq, 1990: 203 ( Spatulonthus ; Mascarene Islands).

- DISTRIBUTION: Senegal, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Benin, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Ethiopia, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Kenya, Tanzania, Congo, Namibia, South Africa, Comoros, Madagascar, Mascarene Islands, Seychelles, India, Nepal.

perexcelsus Tottenham, 1939 , see: Gabrius .

perfidiosus Last, 1968: 357 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: New Guinea: Karimu).

— Last, 1987: 32 ( Philonthus ; Papua New Guinea; Irian Jaya).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

perforatus Fauvel, 1889 , see: subvirescens Thomson, 1884 .

perfusorius Last, 1968: 356 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: New Guinea: Wanitabe).

— Last, 1987: 32 ( Philonthus ; Papua New Guinea; Irian Jaya).

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea.

perillustris Last, 1968: 358 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: New Guinea: Buana , Sarawaged Range, 3000 ft., 20–30 miles north of Lae).

— Last, 1987: 32 ( Philonthus ; Papua New Guinea; New Ireland; New Britain) .

- DISTRIBUTION: New Guinea, New Ireland, New Britain.

peringueyi Tottenham, 1962: 162 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Not cited, presumably Africa). peripateticus Tottenham, 1949b: 303 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Raucalius ; Type locality: Nyassa).

- DISTRIBUTION: Mozambique.

perniger Bernhauer, 1920d: 181 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Südliches Ostindien: Madura: Chambaganoor).

— Cameron, 1932: 142 ( Philonthus ; characters; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: India.

perplexus Fairmaire and Germain, 1861: 431 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Santiago).

— Fauvel, 1866a: 345 [= 1866b: 96] ( Philonthus ; [Note: Misidentified as varians according to Coiffait and Saiz, 1968: 360]; characters; Chile).

— Fauvel, 1869: 489 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Fauvel, 1874: 255 [= 1874a: 481] ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 454 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 345 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Cameron, 1932: 127 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Blackwelder, 1943: 410 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Smetana, 1958: 189 ( Philonthus ; synonym of longicornis ).

— Coiffait and Saiz, 1968: 360 ( Spatulonthus ; valid species; characters; Chile).

— Saiz, 1971b: 348 ( Spatulonthus ; notes; Chile).

— Desender and Baert, 1996: 36 ( Spatulonthus ; Easter Island).

- DISTRIBUTION: Chile, Easter Island.

perroti Jarrige, 1951: 133 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Tam-Dao , Tonkin).

- DISTRIBUTION: Vietnam.

persimilis Cameron, 1926b: 358 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Siwaliks; Kheri Rau, Song River. Mussorie District ; Aglar River, Arni Gad , Keyarkuli , 6000 feet. Simla District ; Fagu , 8000 feet).

— Cameron, 1932: 138 ( Philonthus ; characters; India).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Coiffait, 1983e: 478 ( Philonthus ; Afghanistan).

- DISTRIBUTION: India, Afghanistan.

perthenus Bernhauer, 1916a: 5 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Westaustralien: Perth ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

- DISTRIBUTION: Australia.

peruvianus Bernhauer, 1916c: 28 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Peru: Chanchamayo ).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1355 ( Philonthus ; catalog; Colombia).

- DISTRIBUTION: Peru, Colombia.

pervagus Cameron, 1932b: 134 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Tshiobo N’Goy, Mayumbe).

— Scheerpeltz, 1933: 1355 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Tottenham, 1962: 230 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Congo.

perversus Horn, 1884: 183 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Vancouver).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 350 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Hatch, 1957: 196 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Smetana, 1995e: 153 ( Philonthus ; characters; British Columbia; California; Oregon; Washington). - DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA.

bucephalus Horn, 1884: 184 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: California; Vancouver ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 331 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Hatch, 1957: 196 ( Philonthus ; characters; British Columbia; Oregon).

— Smetana, 1995e: 153 ( Philonthus ; synonym of perversus ).

pettiti Horn, 1884: 201 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: California; [Note: See lectotype designation by Smetana, 1995e]. Also cited from Washington Territory).

— Hatch, 1957: 185 ( Philonthus ; characters; British Columbia; Idaho; Washington; Oregon).

— Smetana, 1995e: 425 ( Philonthus ; lectotype designation: Cal [California]; characters; notes;

British Columbia; California; Nevada; Oregon; Washington).

- DISTRIBUTION: Canada, USA.

phaeopus Stephens, 1832 , see: quisquiliarius Gyllenhal, 1810 .

phaon Smetana, 1995e: 167 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Arizona: Graham Co., Pinaleno Mts. ,

Wet Cn., 6100 ft.).

- DISTRIBUTION: USA.

pharao Saulcy, 1864 , see: turbidus Erichson, 1840 .

pheres Smetana, 1963 , see: renominatus Cameron, 1937 .

philippinus Cameron, 1941b: 447 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Philippines: Luzon : Balbalan).

- DISTRIBUTION: Philippines.

phoculus Tottenham, 1949b: 309 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Abyssinia).

— Tottenham, 1962: 161 ( Philonthus ; characters).

- DISTRIBUTION: Ethiopia.

pholeophilus Kirshenblat, 1950 , see: Bisnius .

picatus Stephens, 1832 , see: carbonarius Gravenhorst, 1802 .

picatus Kirby, 1837 , see: sericans Gravenhorst, 1802 .

piceatus Nordmann, 1837: 85 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico).

— Erichson, 1840: 446 ( Philonthus ; characters; Mexico).

— Solsky, 1868a: 130 ( Philonthus ; Mexico).

— Sharp, 1885: 400 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; Mexico; Guatemala; Costa Rica; Panama;

Texas).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 350 ( Philonthus ; catalog).

— Smetana, 1995e: 135 ( Philonthus ; characters; Arizona; Kansas; Texas; Mexico).

- DISTRIBUTION: USA, Mexico, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Panama.

iridiventris Solsky, 1868a: 128 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexique).

— Sharp, 1885: 400 ( Philonthus ; synonym of piceatus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 350 ( Philonthus ; synonym of piceatus ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 135 ( Philonthus ; synonym of piceatus ).

mexicanus Sharp, 1876b: 430 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Mexico City).

— Sharp, 1885: 400 ( Philonthus ; synonym of piceatus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 350 ( Philonthus ; synonym of piceatus ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 135 ( Philonthus ; synonym of piceatus ).

piceicornis Gridelli, 1920 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: longicornis Stephens, 1832 .

piceicoxis Eppelsheim, 1895 , see: bisignatus Boheman, 1848 .

piceicoxis Gridelli, 1920 [Note: Nomen nudum], see: varians Paykull, 1789 .

picicollis Stephens, 1832 , see: ventralis Gravenhorst, 1802 .

picicornis Horn, 1884 , see: Bisnius .

picimanus Ménétriés, 1832 , see: rotundicollis Ménétriés, 1832 .

picipennis Heer, 1839 , see: Quedius .

picipennis Mäklin, 1852 , see: Gabrius .

picipes Stephens, 1832 , see: atratus Gravenhorst, 1802 .

picipes Fauvel, 1875 , see: alberti Schillhammer, 2000 .

picnocara Gistel, 1857: 61 ( Philonthus ; [Note: Nomen dubium]; Type locality: Helvetia).

- DISTRIBUTION: Switzerland.

picticollis Fauvel, 1879: 102 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Nouvelle Guinée, Amberbaki).

— Linné, 1767: 683 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Europe).

— Ström, 1765: 404 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Denmark) [= 1767: 363].

— Füessly, 1775: 21 ( Staphylinus ).

— O. Müller, 1776: 98 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Goeze, 1777: 717 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Schrank, 1781: 231 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Austria).

— Fabricius, 1781: 335 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Europe).

— Herbst, 1784: 149 ( Staphylinus ; Germany).

— Fabricius, 1787: 220 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Paykull, 1789: 42 ( Staphylinus ; redescription; Sweden).

— Rossi, 1790: 245 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Italy).

— Villers, 1789: 412 ( Staphylinus ; characters; France).

— Gmelin, 1790: 2028 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Fabricius, 1793: 524 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Olivier, 1795:(42): 25 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Panzer, 1795: 354 ( Staphylinus ; [Note: The use of politus here by Panzer may be a misidentification of punctus ; see the citations for punctus ]; characters; Germany).

— Schrank, 1798: 641 ( Staphylinus ; characters; notes).

— Cederhjelm, 1798: 118 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Paykull, 1800: 391 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Sweden).

— Fabricius, 1801: 594 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Turton, 1802: 511 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Europe).

— Gravenhorst, 1802: 17 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Marsham, 1802: 497 ( Staphylinus ; [Note: Misidentification: Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 351 cited similis Marsham as a synonym of politus ; Marsham did not describe the species as new, he attributed it to Paykull]; characters).

— Latreille, 1804: 308 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Gravenhorst, 1806: 85 ( Staphylinus ).

— Latreille, 1806: 287 ( Staphylinus ; characters; France).

— Gyllenhal, 1810: 317 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Sweden).

— Leach, 1815: 91 ( Staphylinus ; characters).

— Westwood, 1827: 58 ( Philonthus ; larval description).

— Zetterstedt, 1828: 74 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Lapland).

— Curtis, 1829: 25 ( Philonthus ; catalog; Britain).

— C. Sahlberg, 1830: 320 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Finland).

— Mannerheim, 1830: 28 ( Staphylinus ; Finland; Sweden; Lapland; Germany).

— Mannerheim, 1831: 442 ( Staphylinus ; Finland; Sweden; Lapland; Germany).

— Stephens, 1832: 228 ( Philonthus ; characters; England).

— Ménétriés, 1832: 145 ( Staphylinus ; Caucasus-Persia region).

— Runde, 1835: 7 ( Staphylinus ; characters; Germany).

— Lacordaire, 1835: 390, 392 ( Staphylinus ; [Note: Misidentification: Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 351 cited metallicus Boisduval and Lacordaire and atratus Boisduval and Lacordaire as synonyms of politus Linné ; Lacordaire did not describe the species as new, he attributed them to Gravenhorst]; characters; France).

— Lacordaire, 1835: 392 ( Staphylinus ; characters; France).

— Curtis, 1836: pl. 610 ( Philonthus ; characters; reference to possible larval illustration; Britain).

— Nordmann, 1837: 81 ( Philonthus ; Europe).

— Holme, 1837: 63 ( Philonthus ; Scilly Islands).

— Kirby, 1837: 91 ( Philonthus ; characters; notes; Nova Scotia).

— Westwood, 1838a: 16 ( Philonthus ; type species).

— Zetterstedt, 1838: 63 ( Staphylinus ; characters; habitat; Lapland).

— Brullé, 1839: 60 ( Staphylinus ; Canary Islands).

— Erichson, 1839a: 452 ( Philonthus ; characters; Germany).

— Heer, 1839: 260 ( Philonthus ; characters; Switzerland).

— Stephens, 1839: 395 ( Philonthus ; characters; England).

— Pototskaia, 1967: 63 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— Coiffait, 1967a: 392 ( Philonthus ; characters).

— Smetana, 1967d: 202 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Coiffait and Saiz, 1968: 351, 352, 353 ( Philonthus ; characters; probably an introduced species; Chile).

— Raianu, 1968a: 462 ( Philonthus ; Romania).

— Szujecki, 1968a: 727 ( Philonthus ; Poland).

— Saiz, 1971b: 341 ( Philonthus ; Chile).

— Scheerpeltz, 1972: 17 ( Philonthus ; Argentina).

— Bacchus and Hammond, 1972: 63 ( Philonthus ; lion dung; Britain).

— Bellas, Brown, and Moore, 1974 ( Philonthus ; defensive secretions).

— Coiffait, 1974: 221 ( Philonthus ; characters; Holarctic region; Australia; New Zealand).

— Shilov, 1975a: 375 [= 1975b: 97] ( Philonthus ; Komi region of Russia).

— Smetana 1975c: 169 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Shilov, 1976: 148 ( Philonthus ; Mongolia).

— Pace and Zanetti, 1977: 289 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; Britain).

— Bordoni, 1978a: 59 ( Philonthus ; cave collection; Turkey).

— Frank, 1982: 42 ( Philonthus ; list of parasites).

— Boller, 1983: 119 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— Tóth, 1984: 48 ( Philonthus ; characters; Hungary).

— Lucht, 1987: 105 ( Philonthus ; checklist; Germany; Poland; Czechoslovakia; Austria; Switzerland; France; Benelux; Denmark; Sweden).

— Israelson, 1990: 2 ( Philonthus ; Azores).

— Borges, 1990: Table II ( Philonthus ; Azores) .

— Kuschel, 1990: 26 ( Philonthus ; introduced, Palaearctic species; winged; habitat; New Zealand).

— Pilon and Zanetti, 1991: 63 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Welch, 1993: 228 ( Philonthus ; ovariole number and ovary structure).

— J. Li, 1993: 37 ( Philonthus ; China).

— Smetana, 1993b: 48 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; Czech Republic; Slovakia).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; Italy).

— Smetana, 1995e: 73 ( Philonthus ; characters; Alberta; British Columbia, Manitoba; New Brunswick; Newfoundland; Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia; Ontario; Quebec; Saskatchewan; Arizona; California; Colorado; Connecticut; Georgia; Idaho; Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas; Kentucky; Maine; Maryland; Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota; Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New Jersey; New Mexico; New York; North Carolina; North Dakota; Ohio; Oregon; Pennsylvania; Rhode Island; South Carolina; South Dakota; Utah; Vermont; Virginia; Washington; West Virginia; Wisconsin; Wyoming).

— Sadler and Dugmore, 1995: 144 ( Philonthus ; habitat notes; Iceland).

— Hodge and Jones, 1995: 40 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Downie and Arnett, 1996: 376 ( Philonthus ; characters; USA).

— Bain, 1998: 39, 42, 43 ( Philonthus ; 17th century remains; introduced; Massachusetts).

— Emberson, 1998: 36 ( Philonthus ; collecting notes; Chatham Islands).

— Outerelo, Gamarra, and Salgado, 1998: 129 ( Philonthus ; subgenus Philonthus ; collected from cave; Spain; Portugal).

— Schmidt, 1999: 108 ( Philonthus ; food for adults and larvae used for rearing species; rearing methods).

— Ryabukhin, 1999: 60 ( Philonthus ; catalog; habitat; distribution; northeastern Russia).

— Kashcheev, 1999a: 57 ( Philonthus ; Kazakhstan).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 122 ( Philonthus ; characters; Kazakhstan; Mongolia; China; India).

- DISTRIBUTION: Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, Canary Islands, Madeira, Azores, Iceland, Europe, Russia, Caucasus, Turkey, Iran, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, China, India, Canada, USA, Argentina, Chile, New Zealand, Chatham Islands, Australia.

aeneus Rossi, 1790: 249 ( Staphylinus ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Etruria).

— Olivier, 1795:(42): 25 ( Staphylinus ; synonym of politus Linné ).

— Johansen, 1914: 394 ( Philonthus ; characters; Denmark).

— Lea, 1925: 220 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Portevin, 1929: 358 ( Philonthus ; characters; France).

— Aleksandrov, 1934: 152 ( Philonthus ; China).

— West, 1937: 39 ( Philonthus ; Faroe Islands).

— Smetana, 1958: 163 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Pototskaia, 1967: 57 ( Philonthus ; larval characters).

— Smetana, 1967d: 202 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Coiffait and Saiz, 1968: 353 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 221 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Pope, 1977: 29 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Ciceroni and Zanetti, 1995: 28 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 73 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

laticeps Zetterstedt, 1828: 73 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: Juckasjervi Lapponiae Tornensis). — Zetterstedt, 1838: 62 ( Staphylinus ; characters; habitat; Lapland).

— Erichson, 1840: 437 ( Philonthus ; synonym of aeneus ).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 579 ( Philonthus ; synonym of aeneus ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 444 ( Philonthus ; synonym of aeneus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 351 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Smetana, 1958: 163 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 221 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 73 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 122 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

cyanicornis Mannerheim, 1830: 27 ( Staphylinus ; Type locality: America borealis).

— Mannerheim, 1831: 441 ( Staphylinus ; Finland).

— Nordmann, 1837: 88 ( Philonthus ; America septentrionalis).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 579 ( Philonthus ; synonym of aeneus ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 444 ( Philonthus ; synonym of aeneus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 351 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Smetana, 1958: 163 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 221 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 73 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 122 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

puncticollis Stephens, 1835: 439 ( Bisnius ; [preoccupied]; Type locality: Oxton Bogs).

— Curtis, 1829: 25 ( Philonthus ; nomen nudum; catalog; Britain).

— Curtis, 1836: pl. 610 ( Philonthus ; characters; Britain).

— Kirby, 1837: 91 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus Linné ).

— Hardy, 1851: 31 ( Philonthus ; synonym of minax ).

— G. Waterhouse, 1858: 24 ( Philonthus ; synonym of aeneus ).

— Gemminger and Harold, 1868: 585 ( Philonthus ; synonym of aeneus ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 444 ( Philonthus ; synonym of aeneus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 351 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Smetana, 1958: 163 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Coiffait, 1974: 221 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 73 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Schillhammer, 2000: 122 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

mandibularis Kirby, 1837: 92 ( Philonthus ; Type locality: Not cited).

— Erichson, 1840: 928 ( Philonthus ; synonym of aeneus ).

— Kraatz, 1857d: 579 ( Philonthus ; synonym of aeneus ).

— Horn, 1876: 151 ( Philonthus ; synonym of aeneus ).

— Ganglbauer, 1895: 444 ( Philonthus ; synonym of aeneus ).

— Bernhauer and Schubert, 1914: 351 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Smetana, 1958: 163 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).

— Smetana, 1995e: 73 ( Philonthus ; synonym of politus ).