Parachorius

Tarasov, Sergei, 2017, A cybertaxonomic revision of the new dung beetle tribe Parachoriini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and its phylogenetic assessment using molecular and morphological data, Zootaxa 4329 (2), pp. 101-149 : 114-115

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4329.2.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:8226E27D-E3A9-481A-B51B-558643Bbb03A
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6010804
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03C187E1-AE50-B63E-DD9E-45DFFA470609
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Parachorius
status

Treatment

Key to males of Parachorius View in CoL

Parachorius species are reliably identified only using males. A separate key to the identifiable females is provided in the next section. The species are illustrated in Figs. 6–24 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 View FIGURE 21 View FIGURE 22 View FIGURE 23 View FIGURE 24 and their distribution maps are given in Figs. 25–27. View FIGURE 25 View FIGURE 26 View FIGURE 27

1 Clypeus with two teeth, outer margin of each tooth not notched basally ( Fig. 4F–G View FIGURE 4 ).................................2

- Clypeus with two teeth, outer margin of each tooth distinctly or slightly notched basally ( Fig. 4D–E View FIGURE 4 )..................10

2 Clypeus with two distinctly produced teeth ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ).........................................................3

- Clypeus with two less produced teeth ( Fig. 4F View FIGURE 4 ............................................................... 5 View FIGURE 5

3 Body black; parameres widely rounded; head triangularly shaped ( Fig. 21 View FIGURE 21 ); size 6.5–6.8 mm; southern China........................................................................................ P. schuelkei Tarasov View in CoL new species

- Body reddish brown, rarely dark brown; parameres either claw shaped or apically acute but not widely rounded; head more rounded and not as distinctly triangular as in P. schuelkei View in CoL ......................................................4

4 Protibia with first tooth somewhat modified in male—slightly thickened and spatulate; parameres notched basally and claw shaped in lateral view ( Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 ); length 6.7 mm; known only from the holotype; Java ........ P. javanus ( Boucomont, 1914) View in CoL

- Protibia first tooth not modified in males; parameres medially narrowed (in lateral view), apically acute ( Fig. 20 View FIGURE 20 ); length 6–7 mm; Java ............................................................. P. pseudojavanus Tarasov View in CoL new species

5 Metatibia strongly curved and notched medially ( Figs. 16C View FIGURE 16 , 17D View FIGURE 17 ); frontal angles of pronotum from moderately to distinctly sharp ( Figs. 16B View FIGURE 16 , 17C, E–F View FIGURE 17 ).............................................................................6

- Metatibia slightly sinuate ( Fig. 24E View FIGURE 24 ); frontal angles of pronotum rounded ( Fig. 24G View FIGURE 24 )................................7

6 Middle part of metafemur dilated posteriorly and produced as a large, rounded angle; pronotum distinctly angulate laterally with frontal angles moderately sharp ( Fig. 17 View FIGURE 17 ); length 7.8–8.0 mm; southern Laos...... P. newthayerae Tarasov View in CoL new species

- Metafemoral posterior margin simple, metafemur not dilated; pronotum presumably (as none of the specimens were studied) not angulate laterally with frontal angles distinctly sharp ( Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 ); length 6.5–6.8 mm; central Thailand.......................................................................... P. maruyamai Masumoto, Ochi View in CoL , & Sakchoowong, 2012

7 Elytra covered with dense contiguous and rugose punctures ( Fig. 10F View FIGURE 10 ); pronotum almost as long as elytra; wings reduced ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 ); 6–7 mm; northeastern India....................................................... P. globosus Arrow, 1931 View in CoL

- Elytra covered with sparse (not contiguous) punctures ( Fig. 24F View FIGURE 24 ); pronotum notably shorter than elytra; wings normally developed............................................................................................... 8

8 Metafemoral posterior margin with two distinct denticles, apical denticle is produced and spur-like; metatibial inner margin excavated apically; metafemoral posterior margin not serrate; parameres of aedeagus simple, apex slightly rounded, triangularly shaped ( Fig. 24 View FIGURE 24 ); length 6.5–9.0 mm; eastern India, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos............. P. thomsoni Harold, 1873 View in CoL

- Metafemoral posterior margin without pair of distinct denticles, simple or dilated, either serrate or not; metatibial inner margin not excavated apically; parameres of aedeagus simple, apex widely rounded and inferiorly angulate....................9

9 Metafemoral posterior margin serrate (sometimes slightly) and varies from simple, not modified, to dilated; metatibial inner margin produced in small angle apically ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 ); length 6.5–9.0 mm; southern China, Myanmar, Indochina.............................................................................. P. fungorum Kryzhanovsky & Medvedev, 1966 View in CoL

- Metafemoral posterior margin simple, not serrate, not dilated; metatibial inner margin straight, not produced apically ( Fig. 12 View FIGURE 12 ); size 6.0 mm; northern India........................................................... P. hookeri Arrow, 1931 View in CoL

10 Outer margin of each clypeal tooth slightly notched basally ( Fig. 4E View FIGURE 4 )............................................ 11

- Outer margin of each clypeal tooth distinctly notched basally ( Fig. 4D View FIGURE 4 )......................................... 12

11 Inner margin of metatibia denticulate with relatively small teeth; protibia with apical tooth wide, nearly merging with second tooth; parameres elongate and rounded apically; length 5–6 mm ( Fig. 11 View FIGURE 11 ); Taiwan............. P. gotoi ( Masumoto, 1986) View in CoL

- Inner margin of metatibia denticulate with large teeth (sometimes denticulation obliterated); protibia with apical and second teeth distinctly separated from each other; parameres bear membranous lobes and bent upward apically; length 8.2–10.6 mm ( Fig. 22 View FIGURE 22 ); northern Laos................................................. P. semsanganus Tarasov & Keith, 2011 View in CoL

12 Parameres asymmetrical; humeral area of elytron usually with yellow spot, sometimes yellow spot absent and elytra uniformly colored ( Fig. 6 View FIGURE 6 ); length 4.5–4.7 mm; India.................................... P. asymmetricus Tarasov View in CoL new species

- Parameres symmetrical; humeral area of elytron with or without yellow spot.....................................13

13 Parameres with horn-like upper lobes dorsally ( Fig. 5M–O View FIGURE 5 )...................................................14

- Parameres normal, without horn-like upper lobes ( Fig. 5G–H View FIGURE 5 ).................................................16

14 Humeral area of elytron usually (but not always) with yellow spot; inner margin of metatibia not denticulate; metafemoral posterior margin usually greatly dilated apically, less often dilation reduced; aedeagus as in Fig. 5N View FIGURE 5 , length 3.8–5.0 mm ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ); northeastern India................................................................ P. humeralis ( Arrow, 1907) View in CoL

- Humeral area of elytron without yellow spot, elytra uniformly colored; inner margin of metatibia denticulate with relatively small teeth; metafemoral posterior margin either simple or dilated and produced in a slight angle..................... 15

15 Parameres longer than in next species ( Fig. 15A–D View FIGURE 15 ); protibia with apical tooth spatulate, bent downward and notably larger than second tooth; first tooth wide, nearly merging with second tooth; metafemoral posterior margin simple, not modified or dilated and produced in slight angle in basal half ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 ); length 3.8–5.0 mm; Indochina...................................................................................................... P. longipenis Tarasov View in CoL new species

- Parameres shorter than in previous species ( Fig. 23A–C View FIGURE 23 ); protibia with apical tooth approximately twice as wide as second tooth; first and second teeth distinctly separated from each other; metafemoral posterior margin simple, not modified, sometimes slightly dilated but not produced in angle; length 3.9–5.0 mm ( Fig. 23 View FIGURE 23 ); Indochina..................................................................................................... P. solodovnikovi Tarasov View in CoL new species

16 Apical spur of protibia equal or longer than first protibial tooth and first three protarsomeres combined ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 ); inner margin of metatibia not denticulate ( Fig. 7G View FIGURE 7 )....................................................................17

- Apical spur of protibia shorter than first protibial tooth and first three protarsomeres combined ( Fig. 18E View FIGURE 18 ); inner margin of metatibiae with relatively small teeth ( Fig. 19F–H View FIGURE 19 ).........................................................18

17 Parameres widened basally (lateral view), apex acute; metafemoral posterior margin dilated near middle; dilation widely rimmed ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ); length 4.2–4.5 mm; southern Laos............................... P. bolavensis Tarasov View in CoL new species

- Parameres emarginate superiorly (i.e., dorsally in lateral view, Fig. 8A–C View FIGURE 8 ), apex rounded; metafemoral posterior margin simple or dilated in apical third, but not rimmed ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ); length 3.5–4.6 mm; southeastern China, Laos, Vietnam........................................................................................... P. fukiensis ( Balthasar, 1960) View in CoL

18 Protibia with apical tooth spatulate, bent downward and notably larger than second tooth; first tooth wide, appearing bifurcate as it merges with denticles located between first and second teeth; metafemoral posterior margin simple, not dilated; aedeagus as in Fig. 5H View FIGURE 5 ; length 4.8 mm ( Fig. 18 View FIGURE 18 ); Cambodia.......................................... P. nudus ( Sharp, 1875) View in CoL

- Protibia with apical tooth approximately twice as wide as second tooth, first and second teeth distinctly separated from each other; metafemoral posterior margin simple, not modified or slightly dilated in apical forth and produced in rounded angle preapically; aedeagus as in Fig. 5I View FIGURE 5 ; length 4.0– 5.5 mm ( Fig. 19 View FIGURE 19 ); Thailand, Malay Peninsula , Sumatra ................................................................................................ P. peninsularis ( Arrow, 1907) View in CoL