Bittacomorphinae, Alexander, 1920

Fasbender, Andrew & Courtney, Gregory W., 2017, A revision of Bittacomorphinae with a review of the monophyly of extant subfamilies of Ptychopteridae (Diptera), Zootaxa 4309 (1), pp. 1-69 : 22

Key to the extant species of Bittacomorphinae

Adults

This key was modified from that of Kang et al. (2012).

1. All legs with first tarsomere conspicuously expanded. Wing membrane without without macrotrichia. Antenna with 19–20 flagellomeres................................................................. Bittacomorpha Westwood ... 2

- All legs with first tarsomere not expanded. Wing membrane with or without macrotrichia. Antenna with 18–21 flagellomeres........................................................................... Bittacomorphella Alexander ... 3

2. Scutum dull black with silver-grey pollinosity laterally, prescutum with white stripe along medial suture. Cell m1 about onethird the length of cell r5 ( Fig. 7 a). Male genitalia with apex of paramere weakly furcate ( Fig. 9 f). Widespread east of Rocky Mountains................................................................ Bittacomorpha clavipes Fabricius

- Scutum shining black; pale medial stripe absent, but patch of silver-grey tomentum present on postsutural midline. Cell m1 about one-half the length of cell r5 ( Fig. 7 b). Male genitalia with apex of paramere spatulate ( Fig. 10 f). Coast and Cascade Ranges, northern Sierra Nevada .............................................. Bittacomorpha occidentalis Aldrich

3. Legs with three white bands............................................................................ 4

- Legs fewer than three white bands....................................................................... 5

4. Legs with 4th & 5th tarsomeres cream colored Japan............................... Bittacomorphella esakii Tokunaga

- Legs with 4th & 5th tarsomeres dark brown China.................. Bittacomorphella zhaotongensis Kang, Wang & Yang

5. Legs with narrow light band on proximal apex of 1 st tarsomere of foreleg................................................................................................ Taiwan and China ... Bittacomorphella lini Young & Fang

- Legs without light band on proximal apex of 1 st tarsomere of foreleg............................................ 6

6. Legs with two white bands............................................................................. 7

- Legs with one white band.............................................................................. 9

7. Legs with broad white band subapically on proximal portion of tibia. Male genitalia with posterior margin of epandrium platelike, posterior margin convex, epandrial claspers with basal lobe ( Fig. 16 a). Eastern North America............................................................................................... Bittacomorphella jonesi Johnson

- Legs with narrow white band apically on proximal portion of tibia. Male genitalia with epandrium bilobate, posterior margin emarginate, epandrial claspers lacking basal lobe ( Fig. 17 a)................................................... 8

8. Male genitalia with epandrial lobes semicircular. China............... Bittacomorphella gongshana Kang, Wang & Yang

- Male genitalia with epandrial lobes pentagonal ( Fig. 17 a). Japan............... Bittacomorphella nipponensis Alexander

9. Wing without macrotrichia ( Fig. 7 j). Thailand................................ Bittacomorphella thaiensis Alexander

- Wing with abundant macrotrichia ( Figs. 7 c–e, g).......................................................... 10

10. Scutum with anterior of prescutum and presutural lateral portion of scutum shining dark brown/black, posterior apex of prescutum and medial portion of scutum with yellow stripe. Male genitalia with bilobate epandrium ( Fig. 15 a). Gonostylus with a slender basal lobe directed dorsally ( Fig. 15 b) Coast and Cascade Ranges of western North America. ........................................................................................ Bittacomorphella fenderiana Alexander

- Scutum black. Male genitalia with platelike epandrium ( Figs. 11 a, 12a, 13a). Gonostylus without a basal lobe ( Figs. 11 b, 12b, 13b)............................................................................................... 11

11. Scutum glabrous. Male terminalia with posterior margin of epandrium strongly emarginate, subaedeagal sclerite reduced, poorly distinguished plate at apex of aedeagus ( Figs. 11 d, e), paramere bifurcate ( Fig. 11 f) Coast Range of western North America. ................................................................. Bittacomorphella furcata sp. nov.

- Scutum covered in silver-grey tomentum. Male terminalia with posterior margin of epandrium weakly emarginate, subaedeagal sclerite of aedeagus conical, extending beyond phallotrema ( Figs. 12 d–e, 13d), paramere simple. ( Figs. 12 f, 13e).... 12

12. Male terminalia with subaedeagal sclerite of aedeagus tapering, apex with minute triangular tooth dorsally ( Fig. 12 d, e). Paramere simple or with weak sigmoidal curvature ( Fig. 12 f) Coast and Cascade Ranges of western North America. ............................................................................. Bittacomorphella pacifica Alexander

- Male terminalia with subaedeagal sclerite of aedeagus pin-like, apex simple ( Fig. 13 d). Paramere forming semicircular curve dorsally ( Fig. 13 e) Sierra Nevada ........................................... Bittacomorphella sackenii von Röder

Figures

FIGURE 7. Bittacomorphine male wings. a. Bittacomorpha clavipes; b. Bi. occidentalis; c. Bittacomorphella pacifica Alexander; d. Bl. sackenii Von Röder; e. Bl. furcata sp. nov.; f. Bl. esakii Tokunaga; g. Bl. fenderiana; h. Bl. jonesi Johnson; i. Bl. nipponensis Alexander; d. Bittacomorphella thaiensis Alexander. All scale bars 1 mm except “ b ” (2 mm).

FIGURE 9. Bittacomorpha clavipes. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Female genitalia, lateral view; h. Hypogynium, ventral view; i. Epigynium, dorsal view. All scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 10. Bittacomorpha occidentalis. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Female genitalia, lateral view; h. Hypogynium, ventral view; i. Epigynium, dorsal view. All scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 11. Bittacomorphella furcata. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Epigynium, dorsal view. H. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view. All scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 12. Bittacomorphella pacifica. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Epigynium, dorsal view; h. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view. All scale bars 0.5 mm except “ i ” (0.25 mm).

FIGURE 13. Bittacomorphella sackenii. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view (scale bar =. 25 mm); e. Paramere, lateral view; f. Female genitalia, lateral view. Scale bars 0.5 mm (a – c, f), 0.25 mm (e).

FIGURE 15. Bittacomorphella fenderiana. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Paramere, dorsal view; h. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view; j. Epigynium, dorsal view. All scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 16. Bittacomorphella jonesi. a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view e. Aedeagus, lateral view; f. Paramere, lateral view; g. Epigynium, dorsal view, h. Female genitalia, lateral view; i. Hypogynium, ventral view. All scale bars 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 17. Bittacomorphella nipponensis (a – f) and Bl. thaiensis (g, h). a. Male genitalia, dorsal view; b. Male genitalia, lateral view; c. Male head, anterior view; d. Aedeagus, dorsal view; e. Paramere, lateral view; f. Female genitalia, lateral view; g. Female genitalia, lateral view; h. Female head. All scale bars 0.5 mm.