Carcinops rugulus Reese and Swanson, 2017

Reese, Ellen M. & Swanson, Alexander P., 2017, A Review of the CactophilicCarcinopsMarseul (Coleoptera: Histeridae) of the Sonoran Desert Region, with Descriptions of Six New Species, The Coleopterists Bulletin 71 (1), pp. 159-190 : 173-175

Carcinops rugulus Reese and Swanson , new species ( Figs. 9G , 17 )

Type Series. HOLOTYPE. Male. “ MEXICO: Sonora, El Sahuaral / nr. Guaymas , 27.99109°N / 110.83943°W, sea level, 20.III.2007 / ex. necrotic Stenocereus alamosensis / A. Swanson, APS128 ” ( UNAM; DNA voucher: APS128 ) . PARATYPES. 27 specimens. MEXICO: Sonora, San Carlos, 27.97070°N 110.99825°W, sea level, 19.III.2007, ex. necrotic Pachycereus schottii, A. Swanson ( APS, 1; MCZ, 1; CASC, 1; FMNH, 2; USNM, 1; DNA voucher: APS146 ), MEXICO: Sonora, Magdalena , 30.61147°N 110.97425°W, 780m, 19.III.2007, ex .

necrotic Stenocereus thurberi, A. Swanson ( MCZ, 1; CASC, 1; FMNH, 1; USNM, 1), MEXICO: Baja California Sur. nr. La Paz, 24.29981°N 110.31649°W, sea level, 26.VI.2013, ex. necrotic Lophocereus schottii, E. Reese ( FMNH, 9), USA: CA. Anza- Borrego Desert State Park, 33.1466696°N 116.276726°W, sea level, 25.III.2013, ex. necrotic Ferocactus cylindraceus, E. Reese ( FMNH, 1; CASC, 1; LSAM, 1), USA: CA. Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, 33.099932°N 116.465996°W, sea level, 12. IV.2014, ex. necrotic Ferocactus cylindraceus, E. Reese ( FMNH, 1; CASC, 3; LSAM, 1).

Diagnosis. This species is recognized by the following combination of characters. Head: Frontal stria terminating at clypeolabral suture ( Fig. 3A ); marginal epistomal stria absent. Pronotum: Marginal stria straight and moderately divergent from anterior edge along midline ( Fig. 4A ). Elytra: Sutural stria shorter than dorsal striae 1–4, dorsal stria 5 variable, either terminating in basal third of elytra or reaching elytral base ( Fig. 8 ); internal and external subhumeral striae present and strongly impressed. First abdominal ventrite: One stria present; lateral discs bearing visible microsculpture ( Fig. 2B ). Aedeagus: Parameres straight and sharply pointed at tips ( Fig. 9G ).

Description. L: 2.00 mm; W: 1.38 mm; E/Pn L: 1.78; E/Pn W: 1.05; Pn W/L: 1.83; E L/W: 0.93; Sterna: 0.80, 0.20, 0.58 mm. Form oblong-oval, depressed; color black, shiny. Frons slightly convex, finely densely punctate; frontal stria interrupted anteromedially, extending anterad just beyond antennal insertion to clypeolabral suture; marginal epistomal stria absent.

Pronotum moderately convex, widest at base, sides converging from about posterior third; anterior angles acute, projecting; marginal stria complete to base, straight but crenellated and less strongly impressed behind head than along lateral margins of pronotum, more widely separated from anterior margin behind head than along interior margins of anterior angles; median third of pronotal disc finely densely punctate, lateral thirds more coarsely and sparsely punctate; posterior margin marked by a row of coarse, round punctures; antescutellar puncture round and strongly impressed.

Prosternal lobe more densely punctate toward anterior margins, punctation fine and sparse posteromedially; prosternal keel slightly convex; carinal striae slightly inwardly arcuate and united posteriorly.

Elytra finely densely punctate; punctation abruptly coarse at apices; epipleuron strigosopunctate; elytral striae strongly impressed, outer edge cariniform; external subhumeral striae strongly impressed along middle third, abruptly terminated at basal and apical thirds; internal subhumeral striae strongly impressed, terminating at apical fourth, interrupted at about basal third where broken by the oblique subhumeral stria; 1 st –4 th dorsal striae complete, punctate at regular intervals; 5 th dorsal stria fading to a row of punctures at about basal third (complete in some specimens), whereupon it curves inward, not quite reaching basal margin; sutural striae extending basad before terminating abruptly at about basal third, sometimes extended further by 1 or 2 punctures.

Mesosternum moderately coarsely, densely punctate with fine punctures interspersed; anterior margin feebly emarginate to receive posterior prosternal projection; marginal stria complete, deeply impressed, continuous with lateral metasternal stria; mesometasternal suture represented by a fine line; intercoxal disc of metasternum finely and moderately densely punctate with some more coarse punctures distributed along lateral metasternal striae, especially near metacoxae; lateral metasternal stria deeply impressed, curving outwardly, nearly reaching outer margin of metacoxal cavity; posterior mesocoxal stria diverging from lateral metasternal and about ¾ its length; lateral disc coarsely, sparsely punctate, microrugulosity apparent in glaring light.

Intercoxal disc of 1 st abdominal ventrite finely and moderately densely punctate throughout, bistriate on each side medial to metacoxae; lateral disc coarsely, sparsely punctate with 1 or 2 punctures elongate and striiform, bearing a single stria along outer margin; surface bearing relatively strong microsculpture composed of elongate, irregular sculpticells ( Fig. 2B ).

Propygidium hexagonal, very coarsely, densely punctate with fine punctures interspersed; pygidium finely, densely punctate.

Outer margin of protibia bidentate in distal half; denticles rounded, not projecting much beyond tibial margin; outer margin of mesotibia tridentate with 2 denticles inserted near tibial apex and a 3 rd inserted at the midpoint of the outer margin; outer margin of metatibia bidentate with the 2 denticles inserted near the apex.

Parameres of aedeagus elongate, narrowed, tapering to an acute point, subequal in length to basal piece ( Fig. 9G ).

Comparison with Related Species. This species is very similar in morphology and distribution to C. curtus and C. torquatus , but it differs from these species in that the external subhumeral striae are strongly impressed, the pronotal marginal stria is relatively straight behind the head, not sinuate, and the lateral areas of the metasternum and first abdominal ventrite bear microrugulose surface sculpture ( Fig. 2B ). The last character is not always visible under direct illumination if using a standard binocular dissection microscope and may require some experimenting with the angle of the light source to see it.

Geographic Distribution and Natural History. Carcinops rugulus is known from California and Arizona, USA and in Baja California Sur and Sonora, Mexico. It is associated with a broad diversity of cactus hosts throughout its range including Lophocereus schottii (Engelm.) D. R. Hunt , Opuntia spp. , F. cylindraceus , C. gigantea , and Stenocereus alamosensis (J. M. Coult.) A. C. Gibson & K. E. Horak.

Additional Material Examined. 160 specimens. MEXICO: Sonora: San Carlos, Rancho Palo Fierro, 13.II.2004, ex. necrotic Pachycereus schottii, S. Castrezana (APS, 2), El Sahuaral nr. Guaymas, 13.V.2003, ex. necrotic Pachycereus schottii, Valverde and S. Castrezana , (APS, 4), Arroyo Santa Barbara nr. Alamos, 27.11547°N 108.70767°W, 1,400 m, 3.VI.2007, ex. necrotic Opuntia sp. A . Swanson (APS, 2; DNA voucher: APS129); Rancho San Pablo nr. Alamos, 27.07153°N 108.71231°W, 530m, 1.VI.2007, ex. necrotic Pilosocereus alensis, A. Swanson (APS, 2). Baja California Sur: “L. Cal.” (FMNH, 1); Santa Rosa, G. Beyer (FMNH, 1); nr. La Paz, 23.8259°N 110.28036°W, sea level, 25.VI.2013, ex. necrotic Pachycereus pringlei, E. Reese (EMR, 1), nr. La Paz, 24.29981°N 110.31649°W, sea level, 26.VI.2013, ex. necrotic Lophocereus schottii, E. Reese (EMR, 49; DNA voucher: EMR193), nr. La Paz, 24.29934°N 110.31834°W, sea level, 27.VI.2013, ex. necrotic Lophocereus schottii, E. Reese (EMR, 10; DNA voucher: EMR259). USA: Arizona: Pima Co., Santa Catalina Mts., 32.3088°N 110.7358°W, 4. VI.06, ex. necrotic Ferocactus sp. , A. Swanson (APS, 13), 32.3118°N 110.7179°W, 23.IX.06, ex. necrotic Carnegiea gigantea, A. Swanson (APS, 2; DNA voucher: APS114), Silverbell Mts., 14.II. 1975, K. Stephan (FMNH, 1); Tucson, 12.I.2008, A. Swanson (APS, 3), 2.VII.1938, E. S. Ross (FMNH, 1), 8–16.VIII, Wickham (FMNH, 1); Pima Co., [sic, Santa Cruz Co.], Madera Cyn., 5.VIII. 1993, M. Caterino (SBMNH, 3); Santa Rita Mts., alt. 4,500’, 15.V.1925, A. Nichol (FMNH, 1). Cochise Co. Foothills Rd., 10km N Portal 31.999°N 109.176°W 28 July 2011 (129) BC11 81h x 165 d, ex. Necrotic Ferocactus wislizeni, LSAM team (LSAM, 2). California: San Diego Co., Anza Borrego SP, 33.1039°N 116.1698°W, 2. IV.2005, on rotting cactus, M. Caterino (SBMNH, 3; DNA voucher: APS169), Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, 33.1466696°N 116.276726°W, sea level, 25.III.2013, ex. necrotic Ferocactus cylindraceus, E. Reese (EMR, 30), Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, 33.1466696°N 116.276726°W, sea level, 12. IV.2014, ex. necrotic Ferocactus cylindraceus, E. Reese (EMR, 24), Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, 33.099932°N 116.465996°W, sea level, 12.IV.2014, ex. necrotic Ferocactus cylindraceus, E. Reese (EMR, 3; DNA vouchers: EMR352, EMR558); Los Angeles Co., San Dimas Cyn., 24.XI.1957, reared 9.XII.1957, C.P. Christianson and J.P. Fonseca (FMNH, 2); Riverside Co., 18.III, E. R. Leach (FMNH, 1).

Derivation of Specific Epithet. This species is named for the distinctive rugulate microsculpturing of the lateral discs of the first abdominal ventrite.

Figures

Fig. 9. Aedeagal morphology of Carcinops species, with parameres toward the top of the page and basal pieces toward the bottom. A) C. consors, B) C. gilensis, C) C. corticalis, D) C. papagoanus, E) C. opuntiae, F) C. curtus, G) C. rugulus, H) C. torquatus, I) C. yaqui, J) C. wenzeli. Photographs by A. Swanson.

Fig. 17. Carcinops rugulus morphology. A) Dorsal view, B) Ventral view. Photographs by E. Reese.

Figs. 3–6. Head morphology of Carcinops kumeyaay, with arrows showing key character states: 3) C. kumeyaay; 4) C. corticalis; 5) C. curtus. Photographs by E. Reese. 6) Ground punctation patterns on the pronotum of species in the subgenus Carcinopsida (Carcinops wenzeli). Photograph by A. Swanson.

Figs. 7–8. 7) Long elytral striae highlighted on Carcinops kumeyaay; 8) Short fifth and sutural elytral striae highlighted on Carcinops yaqui. Photographs by E. Reese.

Fig. 2. Variation of the lateral disc of the first abdominal ventrite in Carcinops species. A) Single stria present (C. torquatus), B) Single stria with microsculptures present (C. rugulus), C) Bistriate (C. consors), D) Bistriate (C. yaqui), E) Tristriate (C. wenzeli). Photographs by A. Swanson.