Halipeurus pelagicus ( Denny, 1842 )

Palma, Ricardo L., 2011, New taxa, new synonymies and new host records in the louse genus Halipeurus (Insecta: Phthiraptera: Philopteridae) parasitic on petrels (Aves: Procellariiformes), Zootaxa 3017, pp. 1-45 : 27-29

Halipeurus pelagicus ( Denny, 1842)

( Figs 7 , 23, 25 , 33 , 48 )

Lipeurus pelagicus Denny, 1842: 58 , 173, pl. 14, fig. 2. Type host: Hydrobates pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) . Lectotype Ƥ in NMHL, designated below.

Lipeurus subangusticeps Piaget, 1880: 308 , pl. 25, fig. 5. Type host: Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot, 1818) . Syntypes ƤƤ in NHML.

Lipeurus languidus Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902: 475 , pl. 29, fig. 8. Type host: Oceanodroma tethys (Bonaparte, 1852) . Lectotype 3 in CISC, slide 1047b, designated below.

Lipeurus exiguus Kellogg & Kuwana, 1902: 479 , pl. 30, fig. 2. Type host: Oceanites gracilis (Elliot, 1859) . Syntypes (2 nymphs) presumed lost.

Esthiopterum pelagicum ; Harrison, 1916: 139.

Synnautes pelagicus ; Thompson, 1937: 81.

Halipeurus pelagicus ( Denny, 1842) ; Hopkins & Clay,1952: 164.

Halipeurus pelagicus ; Timmermann, 1961: 413, figs 9, 10. (in part Lipeurus pelagicus Denny, 1842 ; in part Halipeurus pelagodromae ).

Halipeurus (Synnautes) pelagicus ; Edwards, 1961: 155, figs 3V–7V. (in part Lipeurus pelagicus Denny, 1842 ; in part Halipeurus pelagodromae ).

Halipeurus (Synnautes) pelagicus ; Timmermann, 1965: 153, fig. 94, pl. 7, figs 3, 4. (in part Lipeurus pelagicus Denny, 1842 ; in part Halipeurus pelagodromae ).

Halipeurus (Synnautes) pelagicus ( Denny, 1842) s. l.; Pilgrim & Palma, 1982: 13 (in part Lipeurus pelagicus Denny, 1842 ; in part Halipeurus pelagodromae ).

Halipeurus (Synnautes) pelagicus ; Palma & Barker, 1996: 186 (in part Lipeurus pelagicus Denny, 1842 ; in part Halipeurus pelagodromae ).

Halipeurus (Synnautes) pelagicus ; Price et al., 2003: 188 (in part Lipeurus pelagicus Denny, 1842 ; in part Halipeurus pelagodromae ).

MATERIAL EXAMINED

Types

Ex Hydrobates pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) : Lectotype Ƥ of Lipeurus pelagicus , “Stormy Petrel”, Britain, no date ( NHML, Denny Collection). Designated below.

Ex Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot, 1818) : Paralectotype 3 of Lipeurus pelagicus, Carlisle, Britain, Mr Heysham , no date ( NHML, Denny Collection). Designated below.

Ex Oceanodroma tethys (Bonaparte, 1852) : Lectotype 3 and 1 paralectotype Ƥ of Lipeurus languidus, Albermale I. (= Isabela Island), Galápagos Is, 1899 ( CISC, Kellogg Collection: 3 on slide 1047b, Ƥ on slide 1047a). Designated below.

Non-types

Ex Hydrobates pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) : 2Ƥ, Station 54, 13 Sep. 1898, “Deutsche Tiefsee-Expedition” ( CISC, Kellogg Collection 1796); 83, 9Ƥ, Shetland Is, Scotland, Jul. 1984, J.A. Fowler ( MONZ); 23, 3Ƥ, Ailsa Craig I., Scotland, Aug. 1987, B. Zonfrillo ( MONZ); 13, Lunga I., Treshnish Is, Scotland, 20 Jul. 1989, B. Zonfrillo ( MONZ); 23, 2Ƥ, Ailsa Craig I., Scotland, Jul. 1990, B. Zonfrillo ( MONZ); 1Ƥ, Paiño, No Pobra, Baleares Is, Spain, 23 Aug. 1994, J.S. Aguilar ( MONZ); 43, 4Ƥ, Nólsoy, Faroe Is, 9 Aug. 1996, J-K. Jensen ( NHTF); 13, 2Ƥ, oil rig, North Sea, no date ( MONZ).

Ex Oceanites oceanicus (Kuhl, 1820) : 1Ƥ, Chincoteague Bay, Maryland, U.S.A., 7 Mar. 1945 ( KCEM); 23, 1Ƥ, off coast West Africa, 1 Aug. 1964, G.E. Watson ( KCEM; USNM); 83, 3Ƥ, Masirah I., Oman, 12 Nov. 1979 ( MONZ); 23, 2Ƥ, Golfe du Morbihan, Kerguelen Is, 10 Feb. 1985, J.A. Bartle ( MONZ).

Ex Oceanites gracilis (Elliot, 1859) : 13, 1Ƥ, Tagus Cove, Albermale I. (= Isabela I.), Galápagos Is, 29 Jan. 1941, Boulton ( USNM); 103, 10Ƥ, Punta Espinosa, Fernandina I., Galápagos Is, 13 May 1992, R.L. Palma & E. Vilema ( MONZ); 23, 1Ƥ, 13o N-103o W, no date, A.M.B., Beck 206 ( CISC, Kellogg Collection 1422b); 2Ƥ, no locality, no date, Beck 46 ( CISC, Kellogg Collection 1447).

Ex Oceanodroma castro (Harcourt, 1851) : 1Ƥ, Pacific Ocean, off Ecuador, 25 Apr. 1965, Watson & Angle ( KCEM); 33, 1Ƥ, Baixo I., Porto Santo Is, Madeira , North Atlantic Ocean, 14 Jul. 1967, C. Jouanin ( MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Chile, 1969, T.J. Lewis ( KCEM); 2Ƥ, Selvagems Is, North Atlantic Ocean, Oct. 1987, F. Zino ( MONZ); 23, 2Ƥ, Bugio I., Desertas Is, North Atlantic Ocean, Oct. 1989, F. Zino ( MONZ); 113, 10Ƥ, Madeira I., North Atlantic Ocean, 16 Oct. 1990, F. Zino ( MONZ; MFMP); 3Ƥ, Selvagems Is, North Atlantic Ocean, Jun. 1991, F. Zino ( MONZ); 23, 6Ƥ, same data, Sep. 1991 ( MONZ); 93, 9Ƥ, Corona del Diablo I. (near Floreana I.), Galápagos Is, 21 Apr. 1992, R.L. Palma & E. Vilema ( MONZ); 93, 3Ƥ, Plaza Norte I. (near Santa Cruz I.), Galápagos Is, 6 May 1992, R.L. Palma & E. Vilema ( MONZ); 23, 2Ƥ, Selvagems Is, North Atlantic Ocean, Aug. 1992, F. Zino ( MONZ); 1Ƥ, Azores Is, North Atlantic Ocean, Sep. 1993, R.W. Furness ( MONZ); 1Ƥ, Raso I., Cape Verde Is, North Atlantic Ocean, 1 Apr. 1999, R.W. Furness ( MONZ); 1Ƥ, Vila, Santa María I., Azores Is, North Atlantic Ocean, 28 Aug. 2003, E. Gómez Díaz ( MONZ); 23, 2Ƥ, Porto Santo I., Madeira Is, North Atlantic Ocean, no date, B. Zonfrillo ( MONZ).

Ex Oceanodroma monteiroi Bolton et al., 2008: 33, 3Ƥ, Praia I. (off Graciosa I.), Azores Is, North Atlantic Ocean, 16 Apr. 2000, M. Bolton ( MONZ); 33, 3Ƥ, Praia I. (off Graciosa I.), Azores Is, North Atlantic Ocean, 25 May 2000 ( MONZ); 23, 2Ƥ, Praia I. (off Graciosa I.), Azores Is, North Atlantic Ocean, 3 Aug. 2000 ( MONZ); 1Ƥ, Praia I. (off Graciosa I.), Azores Is, North Atlantic Ocean, 8 Aug. 2003, E. Gómez Díaz ( MONZ). New host record.

Ex Oceanodroma leucorhoa (Vieillot, 1818) : 53, 2Ƥ, Coronados Is, México, 19 Jun. 1913, A.B. Howell ( MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Pacific Ocean I., 26 Nov. 1964, 2047 ( KCEM; USNM); 13, 1Ƥ, E. side of Goat I., N. of Brookings, Oregon, U.S.A., 16 Sep. 1967 & 22 Jun. 1968, E. Easton ( USNM); 43, 4Ƥ, North Rona I., Scotland, Jul. 1987, J.A. Fowler & D. Hodson ( MONZ); 113, 5Ƥ, Ninety Mile Beach, Northland, N.Z., 17 Oct. 1998, L. Honnor ( MONZ); 13, Azores Is, North Atlantic Ocean, Oct. 1999, B. Zonfrillo ( MONZ); 123, 4Ƥ, St Kilda, Scotland, 13– 25 Sep. 2009, W. Miles ( MONZ).

Ex Oceanodroma tethys (Bonaparte, 1852) : 1Ƥ, at sea, 70 miles SW off Galápagos Is, 23 Jul. 1963, P.A. Werf ( MONZ); 33, 3Ƥ, Chile, 17–18 Jul. 1969, T.J. Lewis ( USNM).

Ex Fregetta grallaria (Vieillot, 1817) : 13, off Juan Fernández Is, Chile, Mar. 1966, R.F. Cressey ( KCEM); 13, Macauley I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 3 Aug. 1966, J. O’Brian ( MONZ); 23, Gough I., South Atlantic Ocean, Nov. 1985, R.W. Furness ( MONZ); 1Ƥ, Macauley I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., 20 Sep. 1988, A.J.D. Tennyson ( MONZ); 13, 4Ƥ, Curtis I., Kermadec Is, N.Z., Nov. 1989, A.J.D. Tennyson ( MONZ); 13, 1Ƥ, Santa Clara I., Juan Fernández Is, Chile, 3 Mar. 2004, P. Scofield ( MONZ).

Ex Fregetta tropica (Gould, 1844) : 1Ƥ, Antipodes Is, N.Z., 17 Feb. 1969, G. Kuschel ( NZAC).

DISCUSSION: For the morphological and molecular separation of H. pelagicus from H. pelagodromae , see above under the latter species.

DESIGNATION OF LECTOTYPES

Lipeurus pelagicus Denny, 1842

In the original description, Denny (1842: 174) examined two specimens: a female from Hydrobates pelagicus , which he illustrated on plate 14, fig. 2, and a male from Oceanodroma leucorhoa , although he stated that both were females. As Denny did not designate a holotype and, to the best of my knowledge, no designation of a lectotype has been published, the two specimens are syntypes. Thompson (1937: 81) listed the same specimens and designated the type host as Hydrobates pelagicus , an action that has been followed by subsequent authors. Although that type host designation would make the female from Hydrobates pelagicus the sole name bearing type of Lipeurus pelagicus , it is neither the holotype nor the lectotype. At present, Denny’s syntypes are held in the NHML, and labelled as “ TYPE ” (the female) and “ Paratype ” (the male). In order to clarify the status of these “ types ”, I herewith designate the female from Hydrobates pelagicus as the lectotype of Lipeurus pelagicus Denny, 1842 . Thus, the male from Oceanodroma leucorhoa becomes a paralectotype.

Article 74.7.3. of the current International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (I.C.Z.N., 1999: 83) states that, for a lectotype designation to be valid, it must “contain an express statement of the taxonomic purpose of the designation.”. Clarifying the status of the name bearing type of Lipeurus pelagicus , as well as describing a new, closely related taxon (see above under Halipeurus pelagodromae ) fulfil the “taxonomic purpose” of this designation.

Figures

FIGURES 3 – 12. Male clypeal signature (hyaline margin omitted): 3, Halipeurus confusus. 4, Halipeurus pricei. 5, Halipeurus atlanticus. 6, Halipeurus pelagodromae. 7, Halipeurus pelagicus. 8, Halipeurus vincesmithi. 9, Halipeurus spadix subclavus. 10, Halipeurus raphanus. 11, Halipeurus fallacis. 12, Halipeurus nesofregettae.

FIGURES 22 – 25. Dorsal view of head: 22, Halipeurus pelagodromae male. 23, Halipeurus pelagicus male. 24, Halipeurus pelagodromae female. 25, Halipeurus pelagicus female.

FIGURES 28 – 33. Ventral view of male terminalia: 28, Halipeurus confusus. 29, Halipeurus pricei. 30, Halipeurus spadix subclavus. 31, Halipeurus atlanticus. 32, Halipeurus pelagodromae. 33, Halipeurus pelagicus.

FIGURES 43 – 48. Ventral view of female terminalia: 43, Halipeurus confusus. 44, Halipeurus pricei. 45, Halipeurus spadix subclavus. 46, Halipeurus atlanticus. 47, Halipeurus pelagodromae. 48, Halipeurus pelagicus.