Aphonodiacanthus melanocephalus Tonon, Campos & Souza-Dias, 2025
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5729.2.5 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C88A1006-F31D-4AB5-9D90-F7E96D0699A4 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03BF87F7-FFB4-7579-FF15-FCE3FAEBFB26 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Aphonodiacanthus melanocephalus Tonon, Campos & Souza-Dias |
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sp. nov. |
Aphonodiacanthus melanocephalus Tonon, Campos & Souza-Dias sp. nov.
Figs. 1–4 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 ; Table 1
Etymology. The specific epithet melanocephalus is derived from the Greek words melano (μέλᾱς) meaning “black”, and cephalus (κεφαλή), meaning “head”. This name refers to the notable coloration of the head capsule of this species.
Type locality. Foz do Iguaçu , Paraná, Brazil .
Type Material. Holotype: BRAZIL • ♂; Parque Nacional do Iguaçu / Trilha do Poço Preto / 20–30/i/2008 / DIAS, P. G.B.S. & Mello, FAG col. ( MNRJ) Allotype: BRAZIL 1 ♀ ( MNRJ); BR, SC Concórdia / 28.xi–01.2011 / DIAS, P. G.B.S. col . Paratypes: BRAZIL • 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( MZSP); same data as holotype | • 1 ♂, 3 ♀ ( MNRJ); same data as holotype | • 1 ♂ ( MNRJ); Brasil, PR, Foz do Iguaçu / Parque Nac [ional do]. Iguaçu / Trilha das bananeiras / 23.xi.08 DIAS, P.G.B.S col . | • 1 ♂ ( MNRJ); BR, Paraná, Foz do Iguaçu / Par [que]na[cional do] Iguaçu / Trilha do Poço Preto / 11.x.2010 / DIAS, P. G.B.S. col .
Diagnosis. This species is separated from the other Aphonodiacanthus gen. nov. species by the following characters: Body larger; general coloration of head dark brown, margins faded. TI, TII, and TIII with paler macula on proximal region in dorsal view. Thoracic sternites pale yellow. Male genitalia: pseudepiphallus sclerite medial region of anterior margin straight in dorsal view. Pseudepiphallic paramere reaching half of lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus in dorsal view, inner lobe more sclerotized than outer lobe in ventral view; Ectophallic invagination: ventral projection of ectophallic invagination almost equally sized as half arc. Endophallic sclerite: heart-shaped; endophallic apodeme almost half of endophallic sclerite.
Description. Head: Median ocellus absent. Occiput, vertex, frons, and genae pubescent. Fastigium wider than long, pubescent ( Fig. 2D View FIGURE 2 ). Antennal scapes longer than wide in frontal view, pubescent ( Fig. 2D View FIGURE 2 ). Maxillary palps: article 3 slightly longer than articles 4 and 5, last ones almost equally sized, article 5 clavate.
Thorax: Pronotum as long as wide in dorsal view, pubescent, caudal margin covering metanotum ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ). Dorsal disc of pronotum cephalic and caudal margins almost straight ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ). Lateral lobe of pronotum ventro-cephalic angle rounded, ventro-caudal angle gradually ascending. Forewings very short, not surpassing metanotum ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 , red arrow).
Legs: Legs I and II pubescent. TI with three apical spurs, two inner equally sized, one outer longer than internal ones. TII with four apical spurs, two inner equally sized and two outer equally sized, longer than inner. FIII longer than TIII. TIII with subapical spurs formula: 4/5, one to three spines between each subapical spur on outer side, one to two spines between each subapical spur on inner side, nine to ten spines above most proximal subapical spur on inner and outer sides. TIII apical spurs formula: 3/3, inner apical spurs: iad>iam>iav; outer apical spurs: oam>oad>oav, oad and oav almost equally sized. TI, TII, and TIII dorsal proximal region with a distinct paler macula. Basitarsus spines with four spines on outer side and one on inner side, distal subapical spine longer than others, two apical spurs equally sized.
Abdomen: Tergites pubescent ( Fig. 2A–C–; H–J View FIGURE 2 ). Cerci pubescent.
Male ( Figs. 2A–G View FIGURE 2 ). Subgenital plate longer than wide in ventral view, posterior margin rounded ( Fig. 2G View FIGURE 2 ) Supra anal plate posterior margin rounded, lateral margins V-shaped ( Figs. 2F View FIGURE 2 , 5H View FIGURE 5 ).
Male genitalia ( Figs. 3A–D View FIGURE 3 ; Figs 4A–C View FIGURE 4 ). Pseudepiphallus: pseudepiphallic sclerite anterior margin upcurved, C-shaped in lateral view ( Figs. 3C View FIGURE 3 , 4C View FIGURE 4 , red arrow), medial region of anterior margin straight in dorsal view ( Figs. 3A View FIGURE 3 , 4A View FIGURE 4 ). Lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus same as genus description. Pseudepiphallic paramere reaching half of lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus in dorsal view ( Figs. 3A View FIGURE 3 , 4A View FIGURE 4 ), inclined inwards; posterior portion divided into two lobes, not exceeding medial region of lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus in ventral view ( Figs. 3B View FIGURE 3 , 4B View FIGURE 4 ); inner lobe more sclerotized than outer in ventral view ( Figs.3B View FIGURE 3 , 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Rami same as genus description ( Figs. 3A, B View FIGURE 3 ; 4A, B View FIGURE 4 ). Ectophallic invagination: Ectophallic apodeme inclined outwards, elongated; anterior margin rounded, not surpassing rami in dorsal and ventral view ( Figs. 3A, B View FIGURE 3 ; 4A, B View FIGURE 4 ); arc open; ventral projection of ectophallic invagination subequal to half arc ( Figs. 3B View FIGURE 3 , 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Ectophallic fold: membranous, finger-shaped, surpassing pseudepiphallic paramere apex in ventral view ( Figs. 3B View FIGURE 3 , 4B View FIGURE 4 ). Endophallic sclerite: heart-shaped in ventral view, shorter than half ectophallic apodeme length, dorsoventrally flattened ( Figs. 3B View FIGURE 3 , 4B View FIGURE 4 ); Endophallic apodeme anterior margin pointed, subequal to endophallic length ( Figs. 3B View FIGURE 3 , 4B View FIGURE 4 ).
Female ( Figs. 2H–N View FIGURE 2 ). Larger than male. Forewings present, very short, not surpassing metanotum, similar to male. Subgenital plate wider than long, posterior portion medially convex, posterior margin rounded ( Fig. 2L View FIGURE 2 ). Supra anal plate similar to male ( Fig. 2K View FIGURE 2 ). Ovipositor upcurved in lateral view ( Fig. 2I View FIGURE 2 ), lateral margins apex slightly serrated, pointed ( Figs. 2M, N View FIGURE 2 ).
Female genitalia ( Figs. 3E–G View FIGURE 3 ). Copulatory papilla cylindrical, longer than wide, almost straight in lateral view ( Fig. 3F View FIGURE 3 ); posterior portion not sclerotized, margin rounded, anterior margin straight ( Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ). Anterior margin elongated medially in ventral view ( Fig. 3G View FIGURE 3 ).
Coloration. Male and female with similar coloration ( Figs. 2A–C, H–J View FIGURE 2 ). Occiput, frons, genae, vertex, and fastigium dark brown, fading on margins. Clypeus, labrum and whitish. Mandibles dark yellow. Antennal scapes medium brown; antennomeres light brown. Pronotum medium brown, margins darker ( Figs. 2A, C View FIGURE 2 ). Thoracic sternites yellowish-brown to reddish-brown, margins darker, Abdominal sternites pale yellow, posterior sternites darker.Abdominal tergites yellowish-brown, last two tergites posterior margins darker. Supra anal plate dark brown, females lighter, medial region lighter in both ( Figs. 2F, K View FIGURE 2 ). Male subgenital plate dark brown, medial region lighter ( Fig. 2G View FIGURE 2 ). Female subgenital plate yellowish-brown ( Fig. 2L View FIGURE 2 ). Cerci yellowish-brown, apex lighter. Ovipositor apex and margins dark brown, medial region yellowish-brown ( Figs. 2M, N View FIGURE 2 ). Legs I and II with similar coloration, femur distal margin dark brown, proximal margin yellowish-brown ( Figs. 2A–C, H–J View FIGURE 2 ). TI, TII, and TIII with paler macula on proximal region in dorsal view ( Fig. 2C, 2J View FIGURE 2 , red arrows). TI and TII dark brown, distal margin lighter. TIII dark brown, distal third lighter. Spurs and spines pale yellow, apex darker. Basitarsus pale yellow.
Remarks. The color tone varies among specimens: yellowish-brown to reddish-brown.
Aphonodiacanthus maculatus Tonon & Campos sp. nov.
Figs. 5–7 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 ; Table 2
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Latin maculātus or macula, meaning “spot”, referring to the spots present on the pronotum, tergites, and legs of the species.
Type locality. Itamaraju , Bahia, Brazil .
Type Material. Holotype: BRAZIL • ♂; BR, BA, Itamaraju / Par[que]Na[cional do] Monte Pascoal / 08– 11.III.2012 / DIAS, P. G.B.S. et al. col. ( MZSP).
Diagnosis. This species is separated from the other Aphonodiacanthus species by: body covered with spots throughout pronotum, abdominal tergites, and legs.Thoracic sternites medium brown.Male genitalia:pseudepiphallic sclerite medial region of anterior margin sub-straight in dorsal view. Pseudepiphallic paramere not reaching half of lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus in dorsal view. Ectophallic invagination: ventral projection of ectophallic invagination longer than half arc. Endophallic sclerite: endophallic apodeme thin, short, seven times shorter than End.
Description. Head: Median ocellus absent. Occiput and vertex pubescent. Fastigium wider than long, pubescent ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ). Frons, labrum, clypeus smooth. Antennal scapes longer than wide, pubescent. Maxillary palps: articles 4 and 5 almost equally sized, article 3 longer, article 5 clavate.
Thorax: Pronotum longer than wide, pubescent. Posterior margin of pronotum covering metanotum ( Figs. 5A, B View FIGURE 5 ). Dorsal disc of pronotum cephalic margin almost straight, caudal margin almost straight ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Lateral lobe of pronotum ventro-cephalic angle rounded, ventro-caudal angle gradually ascending ( Fig. 5B View FIGURE 5 ). Forewings very short, not surpassing the metanotum ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 , red arrow).
Legs: TI with three apical spurs, two inner and one outer. TII with four apical spurs, two inner and two outer. TIII subapical spurs formula: 4/5, three spines between each spur, 11 a 14 spines above most proximal subapical spur on inner and outer sides. TIII apical spurs formula: 3/3; TIII inner apical spurs: iad>iam>iav; outer apical spurs: oam>oav>oad, oav and oad almost equally sized. Basitarsus spines with four spines on outer side and one on inner side, two apical spurs equally sized.
Abdomen: Tergites pubescent ( Figs. 5A, B View FIGURE 5 ). Cerci pubescent. Supra anal plate posterior margin rounded, lateral margins V-shaped ( Figs. 5F, H View FIGURE 5 , red arrows). Subgenital plate posterior margin rounded, slightly elongated ( Fig. 5G View FIGURE 5 ). Male genitalia ( Figs. 6A–D View FIGURE 6 ; Figs. 7A–C View FIGURE 7 ). Pseudepiphallus: pseudepiphallic sclerite anterior margin upcurved, Cshaped in lateral view ( Fig. 6C View FIGURE 6 , 7C View FIGURE 7 , red arrow), medial region of anterior margin almost straight in dorsal view ( Figs. 6A View FIGURE 6 , 7A View FIGURE 7 ). Lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus same as genus description. Pseudepiphallic paramere not reaching half of lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus in dorsal view ( Figs. 6A View FIGURE 6 , 7A View FIGURE 7 ), posterior portion divided into two lobes, not exceeding the medial region of lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus in dorsal and ventral views ( Figs. 6A, B View FIGURE 6 ; 7A, B View FIGURE 7 ); apex of lobes equally sized, equally and strongly sclerotized, inclined inwards in ventral view ( Fig. 6B View FIGURE 6 ; Fig.7B View FIGURE 7 ). Rami same as genus description ( Figs. 6A, B View FIGURE 6 ; 7A, B View FIGURE 7 ). Ectophallic invagination: Ectophallic apodeme and lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus almost equally sized, inclined outwards in dorsal and ventral views ( Figs.6A, B View FIGURE 6 ; 7A,B View FIGURE 7 ); arc open; ventral projection of ectophallic invagination longer than half arc ( Figs. 6B View FIGURE 6 , 7B View FIGURE 7 ). Ectophallic fold: membranous, finger-shaped, surpassing pseudepiphallic paramere apex. Endophallic sclerite: longer than wide, shorter than half of apodemes, dorsoventrally flattened, endophallic apodeme present, thin, short, seven times shorter than endophallic sclerite ( Figs. 6B View FIGURE 6 , 7B View FIGURE 7 ). Female. Unknown.
Coloration. Occiput, vertex, fastigium, frons and genae yellowish-brown, bristles yellowish-brown. Labrum and clypeus whitish.Antennal scapes and antennomeres light yellow, bristles yellowish-brown ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ). Maxillary palps segments light yellow, the apex of 5 th segment whitish. Pronotum yellowish-brown, bristles darker, irregular spots throughout structure dark brown ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ). Thoracic sternites gray; abdominal sternites pale yellow to medium brown, not uniform ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ). Abdominal tergites yellowish-brown, posterior margin darkened, brown spots throughout structure; sternites medium brown ( Fig. 5A, B View FIGURE 5 ). Male supra anal plate dark brown, lateral margin and medial region lighter ( Fig. 5F View FIGURE 5 ). Male subgenital plate medium brown ( Fig. 5G View FIGURE 5 ). Cerci yellowish-brown. Legs I and II yellowish-brown with brown spots. FIII yellowish-brown with brown spots. TIII yellowish-brown with brown spots, spines yellowish-brown with apex brown, spurs yellowish-brown with basal portion brown. Basitarsus light yellow.
Remarks. The apex of lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus is incomplete on Aphonodiacanthus maculatus Tonon & Campos sp. nov., apparently broken; sternites and subgenital plate have uneven coloring, which may be due to the conservation state of the specimen.
Aphonodiacanthus chlorops Tonon & Campos sp. nov.
Figs. 1 View FIGURE 1 , 8–10 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 ; Table 3
Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the Greek words chloro- (χλωρός) meaning “green” and -ops (ὤψ) meaning “eye”, referring directly to the distinctive green eyes of the living organism ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 ).
Type locality. São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil .
Type Material. Holotype: BRAZIL • ♂; BR, SP, São Paulo / Jardim Caboré / 06.v.2025, Col. Ativa / 23º37’17.4”S 46º44’34.8”W / L. B. Passalacqua col. ( MZSP). GoogleMaps
Diagnosis. This species is separated from the others by: Median ocelli almost non-discernible; supra anal plate medially convex; thoracic sternites dark brown. Male genitalia: pseudepiphallic sclerite anterior portion upcurved, almost right angled in lateral view, medial region of anterior margin slightly convex in dorsal view. Lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus less pointed than A. melanocephalus Tonon, Campos & Souza-Dias sp. nov. Pseudepiphallic paramere reaching base of lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus in ventral view. inner lobe shorter than outer lobe, apex finger-shaped. Ectophallic invagination: ventral projection of ectophallic invagination slightly longer than half arc. Ectophallic fold not surpassing pseudepiphallic paramere apex. Endophallic sclerite: endophallic apodeme apex triangular in ventral view.
Description. Head: Occiput and vertex, pubescent. Fastigium wider than long, pubescent ( Fig. 8D View FIGURE 8 ). Frons, labrum, and clypeus smooth. Antennal scapes longer than wide, apex with bristles. Maxillary palp articles 3 and 5 almost equally sized, article 3 longer, article 5 clavate, article 4 shorter.
Thorax: Pronotum longer than wide, pubescent ( Fig. 8A View FIGURE 8 ). Dorsal disc of pronotum cephalic margin almost straight, caudal margin almost straight ( Fig. 8A View FIGURE 8 ). Lateral lobe of pronotum ventro-cephalic angle rounded, ventro-caudal angle gradually ascending ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 ). Forewings very short, not surpassing metanotum ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 , red arrow).
Legs: TI with three apical spurs, two inner and one outer. TII with four apical spurs, two inner and two outer. TIII subapical spurs formula: 4/5, one or two spines between each spur on inner and outer sides, six to nine spines above most proximal subapical spur on inner and outer sides. TIII inner apical spurs: iad>iam>iav; outer apical spurs: oam>oav>oad, oav and oad almost equally sized. Basitarsus with four spines on outer side and one on inner side; two apical spurs equally sized.
Abdomen: Tergites pubescent ( Figs. 8A, B View FIGURE 8 ). Cerci pubescent. Supra anal plate posterior margin rounded, medially convex; anterior margin slightly rounded ( Fig. 8F View FIGURE 8 ). Subgenital plate posterior margin rounded ( Fig. 8G View FIGURE 8 ). Male genitalia ( Figs. 9A–D View FIGURE 9 ; 10A–C View FIGURE 10 ). Pseudepiphallus: pseudepiphallic sclerite anterior portion upcurved, almost right angled in lateral view ( Figs. 9C View FIGURE 9 , 10C View FIGURE 10 , red arrow), medial region of anterior margin slightly convex in dorsal view ( Figs. 9A View FIGURE 9 , 10A View FIGURE 10 ). Lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus same as genus description, apex less pointed than A. melanocephalus Tonon, Campos & Souza-Dias sp. nov. Pseudepiphallic paramere reaching base of lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus in ventral view ( Figs. 9B View FIGURE 9 , 10B View FIGURE 10 ), posterior portion divided into two lobes, not exceeding the medial region of lateral lobe of pseudepiphallus in dorsal and ventral views ( Figs.9A, B View FIGURE 9 ; 10A, B View FIGURE 10 ); inner lobe shorter than outer lobe, apex of lobes finger-shaped. Rami same as genus description ( Figs. 9A, B View FIGURE 9 ; 10A, B View FIGURE 10 ). Ectophallic invagination: Ectophallic apodeme shorter than rami, inclined outwards in dorsal and ventral views ( Figs. 9A, B View FIGURE 9 ; 10A, B View FIGURE 10 ); arc open; ventral projection of ectophallic invagination slightly longer than half arc ( Figs. 9B View FIGURE 9 , 10B View FIGURE 10 ). Ectophallic fold not surpassing pseudepiphallic paramere apex. Endophallic sclerite: longer than wide, shorter than half of ectophallic apodemes, dorsoventrally flattened, endophallic apodeme present, short, triangular in ventral view ( Figs. 9B View FIGURE 9 , 10B View FIGURE 10 ). Female unknown
Coloration. Omatids margins metallic green ( Fig. 1 View FIGURE 1 , Fig. 8D View FIGURE 8 ). Occiput, vertex, fastigium, orange brown, bristles yellowish-brown. Labrum, clypeus, frons, and genae whitish. Antennal socket with a light-brown macule, antennal scapes and antennomeres light yellow, bristles yellowish-brown ( Fig. 8D View FIGURE 8 ). Maxillary palps segments light yellow, the apex of 5 th segment whitish. Pronotum orange brown, bristles darker, irregular spots throughout structure, dark brown. Thoracic and abdominal sternites dark brown. ( Fig. 8C View FIGURE 8 ); abdominal tergites orange brown, posterior margin banded, irregular spots throughout structure, brown ( Fig. 8A View FIGURE 8 ). Male supra anal plate posterior half dark brown, anterior margin lighter ( Fig. 8F View FIGURE 8 ). Male subgenital plate dark brown ( Fig. 8G View FIGURE 8 ). Legs I and II yellow. FIII orange brown with a line parallel to ventral margin of femur, brown ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ), dorsal margin with brown maculae. TIII yellowish-brown, basal region with a darkened band on dorsal view ( Fig. 8A View FIGURE 8 ), spines yellowish-brown with brown apex, spurs yellowish-brown with basal and apex portions brown. Basitarsus light yellow, spines and spurs with basal and apex portions darkened.
Remarks. Supra anal plate is folded downwards, making it difficult to analyze the structure ( Fig. 8F View FIGURE 8 ).
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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