Danochrysa madseni Willmann, 1993

Makarkin, Vladimir N. & Perkovsky, Evgeny E., 2024, Nothochrysinae (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) from the early Eocene Fur Formation, Denmark, with description of a new genus, Zootaxa 5433 (4), pp. 529-545 : 536-539

Danochrysa madseni Willmann, 1993

( Figs 6–9 )

Danochrysa madseni Willmann, 1993: 240 , 244, Figs 1 , 4 ; Nel et al., 2005: 67; Makarkin & Archibald, 2013: 143, Fig. 2.3 ; Archibald & Makarkin, 2015: 360.

Type material. Holotype: NHMD-624880A, B & DK 306A, B (formerly No. 14-2296) (part and counterpart), deposited in the NHMD. A nearly complete specimen with crumpled left wings.

Additional material. FUM-11100, collected by Erwin Rettig, and deposited in the FM; four wings, all crumpled except one forewing. FUM-13748, collected by Erwin Rettig, and deposited in the FM; a nearly complete forewing overlaying parts of poorly preserved hind wing.

Type locality and horizon. Denmark: northern Jutland (Region Nordjylland): Mors Island ( Morsø Kommune ): Sundby. The locality of FUM-11100: Morsø Kommune : Gullerup , 56.886741ºN, 8.731003ºE; the precise collecting locality of FUM-13748 is unknown. Earliest Eocene, Fur Formation .

Re-description. Holotype NHMD-624880 ( Figs 6 , 7 ). Head with well preserves eyes; antennae: scapus enlarged, dark; pedicellus much smaller, dark; flagellum paler (apical parts not preserved). Thorax, abdomen very poorly discernible; lateral margins of pronotum appears darkish.

Forewing ca. 10.7 mm long, 3.5 mm wide. Costal space moderately broad. All preserved subcostal veinlets simple, rather widely spaced. Sc relative long, indiscernible distally. RA distally and its veinlets indiscernible. Subcostal space moderately narrow; subcostal crossveins not detected (see Remarks). RA space moderately broad, with 13 preserved crossveins, all nearly perpendicular to RA. RP originating relatively far from wing base (at 0.24 wing length). Anterior trace of RP zigzagged (apical part not preserved), with 13 pectinate branches. RP 1– RP 8 relatively deeply forked; RP 9 shallowly forked; RP 10– RP 13 probably simple. Crossvein between MA, MP (1im) rather long, ends on im in its proximal part. M dividing to MA, MP markedly distad origin of RP. MA probably forked distad Psc. MP probably forked at Psc. im rather narrow, pentagonal (length/width ratio 4:1). Crossvein between MA, MP (1im) short. Psm poorly developed, zigzagged. Crossvein 2m-cu in proximal part of im. CuA probably with three branches (forked once in left wing); continuing into well developed, only slightly zigzagged Psc, which continues into outer gradate series of crossveins. 2icu located distad 2m-cu (right wing) or nearly opposite it (left wing). 1c: 2c length ratio 0.3:1. CuP with two branches; proximal one deeply forked. A1 rather deeply forked. A2 shallowly forked (right wing), and simple (left wing). A3 probably simple. Crossvein between A1, A2 rather short; between A2, A3 long. Two gradate series of crossveins: inner series arranged in strongly broken (sigmoid) line, with 12 crossveins distad MA; outer series arranged in smooth line, with 11 crossveins distad RP 2.

Hind wing venation very poorly preserved.

Specimen FUM-11100 ( Fig. 8 ). Forewing 11.2 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide. Costal space moderately broad. All preserved subcostal veinlets simple, widely spaced proximally and medially. Sc relative long, indiscernible distally. RA ending on margin slightly before wing apex; its veinlets poorly discernible. Subcostal space narrow; no subcostal crossveins detected. RA space relatively broad, with 13 crossveins, approximately perpendicular to Sc. RP originating relatively far from wing base (at 0.23 wing length). Anterior trace of RP zigzagged, apically not forked; with 13 pectinate branches. RP 1– RP 3, RP 5, RP 7– RP 8 forked once; RP 4 forked twice; RP 6, RP 9– RP 13 simple. Crossvein between MA, MP (1im) rather long, ends on im slightly distad fork of M. M dividing to MA, MP markedly distad origin of RP. MA presumably forked distad Psc. MP presumably forked at Psc; both branches simple in right wing; basal branch deeply forked, distal branch simple in left wing. im rather broad, pentagonal (length/ width ratio 3.1:1). Crossvein between MA, MP (1im) rather short. Psm poorly developed, zigzagged. Crossvein 2m-cu connected im, CuA in middle of im. CuA presumably with three branches (basal branch forked in left wing); continuing into well developed, only slightly zigzagged Psc, which continues into outer gradate series of crossveins. CuP with two simple branches. A1, A2 forked. A3 simple. Crossvein between A2, A3 long. Two gradate series of crossveins: inner series arranged in sigmoid line, with 12 crossveins distad MA; outer series arranged in more or less smooth line, with 12 crossveins distad RP 2.

Hind wing venation poorly preserved.

Specimen FUM-13748 ( Fig. 9 ). Forewing 11 mm long (as preserved; estimated complete length ca. 11.5 mm), ca. 4.0 mm wide. Costal space moderately broad. Preserved subcostal veinlets simple, rather widely spaced proximally and medially. Sc indiscernible in distal half. RA probably ending on margin before wing apex; its veinlets poorly discernible. Subcostal space moderately broad; basal subcostal crossveins (1sc-r) located slightly proximad origin of RP. RA space relatively broad, with 13 preserved crossveins, more or less perpendicular to Sc. RP originates relatively far from wing base. Anterior trace of RP slightly zigzagged (its distal part not preserved). RP with 13 preserved branches; most of them probably forked once distally (except probably for two to three distal-most). Crossvein between MA, MP (1im) rather long, ends on im in proximal 1/5 of its anterior length. M dividing to MA, MP slightly distad origin of RP. MA probably forked distad Psc. MP probably forked at Psc. im rather narrow, pentagonal (length/width ratio 3.6:1). Crossvein between MA, MP (1im) short. Psm poorly developed, zigzagged. Crossvein 2m-cu connected im, CuA located nearly in middle of im (slightly in proximal portion). CuA probably with four simple branches; continuing into well developed, only slightly zigzagged Psc, which continues into outer gradate series of crossveins. CuP with two branches; anterior branch forked.A1 deeply forked.A2 shallowly forked. A3 strongly curved, simple. Crossvein between A2, A3 long. Two gradate series of crossveins: inner series arranged in sigmoid line, with 13 crossveins distad MA; outer series arranged in more smooth line, with seven preserved crossveins distad RP 3 (presumed ten in life). One additional crossvein between these series, located between RP 9, RP 10.

Hind wing venation almost indiscernible.

Remarks. The veins visible in the subcostal space of the left forewing ( Fig. 7C ) are likely not true subcostal crossveins. The RA and subcostal spaces overlap each other in this area, and these may be crossveins of the RA space.

The forewing venation of three examined specimens of D. madseni shows some variability. The anterior branch of CuP is forked in three wings ( Figs 7A, B , 9B ), and simple in one wing ( Fig. 8C ); similarly, A2 is forked in three wings ( Figs 7A , 8C , 9B ), and simple in one wing ( Fig. 7B ). The crossvein 2m-cu is located proximad 2icu in the holotype right wing ( Fig. 7A ), oppositely to 2icu in the holotype left wing ( Fig. 7B ), but distad it in three other wings ( Figs 8B, C , 9B ). This is related to the position of the crossvein 2m-cu relative to the length of the intramedian cell, i.e., mainly in its middle, but in the proximal part in one wing ( Fig. 7A ).

An additional crossvein between RP9 and RP10 (labelled “add.irp” in Fig. 9B ) in FUM-13748 is here considered an aberration (anomaly).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Stephenbrooksia multifurcata Willmann, 1993, holotype. A, part (NHMD-624881A); B, counterpart (NHMD- 624881B). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 2. Stephenbrooksia multifurcata Willmann, 1993, wing venation of the holotype based on the part and counterpart.A, forewing; B, hind wing. Scale bar = 2 mm (both to same scale).

FIGURE 4. Furochrysa alisae gen. et sp. nov., holotype MGUH 34321. A, specimen as preserved; B, basal part of wings; C, apical part of wings. Scale bars = 2 mm (A), 1 mm (B, C).

FIGURE 6. Danochrysa madseni Willmann, 1993, holotype. A, part (NHMD-624880A); B, counterpart (NHMD-624880B). Scale bars = 2 mm.

FIGURE 7. The forewing venation of Danochrysa madseni Willmann, 1993, holotype NHMD-624880. A, right wing; B, left wing. Scale bar = 2 mm (both to same scale).

FIGURE 8. Danochrysa madseni Willmann, 1993, specimen FUM-11100. A, specimen as preserved; B, venation of right forewing; C, venation of left forewing. Scale bars = 2 mm (B, C to same scale).

FIGURE 9. Danochrysa madseni Willmann, 1993, specimen FUM-13748.A, specimen as preserved; B, venation of forewing. Scale bars = 2 mm.