Filogranula Langerhans, 1884

Ten Hove, Harry A. & Kupriyanova, Elena K., 2009, Taxonomy of Serpulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta): The state of affairs, Zootaxa 2036, pp. 1-126 : 44-45

12. Filogranula Langerhans, 1884

( Fig. 19)

Type-species: Filogranula gracilis Langerhans, 1884

Number of species: 6

Tube white, opaque, with elaborate peristomes; keel present. Granular overlay absent. Operculum with chitinous endplate, may have additional spines in the center. Peduncle cylindrical, smooth, without wings (however, see Remarks); inserted as second dorsal radiole on one side. Opercular constriction present (but for F. stellata , absent). Pseudoperculum absent. Radioles arranged in semi-circles, up to 7 per lobe. Inter-radiolar membrane and stylodes absent. Branchial eyes may be present. Mouth palps not observed. 7 thoracic chaetigerous segments. Collar generally non-lobed (may be trilobed) with entire edge, continuous with short thoracic membranes, ending at second thoracic chaetiger. Tonguelets absent. Collar chaetae fin-and-blade ( Fig. 19A) and limbate. Apomatus chaetae present ( Fig. 19B). Thoracic uncini saw- or saw-to-rasp-shaped with 12–14 teeth in profile, up to 5 teeth in a row above anterior peg (P), blunt, gouged underneath (e.g., dental formula P:5:3:3:2:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1, Fig. 19C). Triangular depression absent. Abdominal chaetae short, flat triangular with wide distal denticulate blade ( Fig. 19E); abdominal uncini rasp-shaped ( Fig. 19D). Achaetous anterior abdominal zone present. Long posterior capillary chaetae present. Posterior glandular pad absent.

Remarks. Zibrowius (1983) and Kupriyanova (1993a) remark that the genera Chitinopoma and Filogranula are very similar in general structure of the operculum, chaetal structure, and length of the thoracic membranes. See also comments to Chitinopoma . Filogranula exilis is unusual as it shows a pinnulate radiole functioning as peduncle.

1. Filogranula annulata (O.G. Costa, 1861) , Mediterranean, Portugal

2. Filogranula calyculata (O.G. Costa, 1861) , Mediterranean, Lusitania, Mauretania

3. Filogranula exilis Imajima, 1979 , Japan, Seychelles

4. Filogranula gracilis Langerhans, 1884 , Eastern Atlantic , Hawaii ?

5. Filogranula revizee Nogueira & Abbud, 2009 , South Brazil

6. Filogranula stellata ( Southward, 1963) , Mediterranean Atlantic