Doryrhina cyclops (Temminck, 1853)

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Hipposideridae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 227-258 : 230

7.

Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat

Doryrhina cyclops

French: Phyllorhine cyclope I German: Zyklopen-Rundblattnase I Spanish: Doryrina ciclope

Other common names: Cyclops Roundleaf Bat

Taxonomy. PhyUorrhina cyclops Temminck, 1853 ,

Boutry River, Ghana.

This species is monotypic.

Distribution. Widespread in tropical Africa from Senegal E to extreme S South Sudan, NE DR Congo, W Uganda, Rwanda, and Burundi, with isolated populations in W & SE Kenya and NE Tanzania; also on Bioko I.

Descriptive notes. Head—body 70—95 mm, tail 18—36 mm, ear 28—38 mm, hindfoot 18—22 mm, forearm 59—75 mm; weight 21—45 g. The Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat has a distinctive noseleafwith two median club-shaped processes. Pelage is dense, long and soft, blackish brown with pale frosting dorsally, somewhat paler with inconspicuous frosting ventrally. Ears are long, narrow and pointed at tip. A frontal sac is present in both sexes. An anal sac is present between penis and anus in males. Females do not have this sac but fur around vagina has been replaced by long stiff hairs. This species is difficult to distinguish from the Greater Leaf-nosed Bat (D. caTzzmznmris) but is slighdy smaller.

Habitat. The Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat inhabits lowland rainforest up to 2000 m or more, but also occurs in the transition zone between rainforest and savanna mosaic, and even extends into Guinea woodland, where relict and gallery forests are present.

Food and Feeding. The Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat is insectivorous, feeding predominantly on moths (particularly hawk moths of the family Sphingidae ), but it may feed on a variety of other insects including Neuroptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera, and Diptera. It forages by sallying out from a perch on a branch or twig typically less than 6 m aboveground. Captured prey is returned to the perch where it is consumed.

Breeding. The Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat gives birth to a single young that is bom immediately prior to, or during, the local rainy season.

Activity patterns. The Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat roosts predominantly in the hollow trunks of large trees, but may occasionally also use anthropogenic structures such as disused mines. Echolocation call includes a F component at c.60 kHz.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. The Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat regularly shares its roost with other bats, as well as rodents (including anomalures). Based on recapture rates, it has been estimated that its home range is small, in the order of several hectares. It roosts singly or in small groups of up to 18 individuals. Groups typically consist of 1-3 males and several females.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCNRed List (as Hipposideros cyclops ). It has a wide distribution and occurs in several protected areas and forest reserves. However, its dependence on large trees for day roosts is of concern for this species in logged forests.

Bibliography. Aellen (1952), Cockle et al. (1998), Decher & Fahr (2005), Eisentraut (1956, 1973), Fahr (2013j), Hill (1963a), Juste & Ibânez (1994b), Lang & Chapin (1917a, 1917b), Patterson & Webala (2012), Schütter et al. (1986), Thom & Kerbis Peterhans (2009), Verschuren (1957).

Figures

1. Arabian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia arabica), 2. Somalian Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia italosomalica), 3. Patrizi’s Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia patrizii), 4. Geoffroy’s Trident Leaf-nosed Bat (Asellia tridens), 5. Greater Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina camerunensis), 6. Telefomin Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina corynophyllus), 7. Cyclops Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina cyclops), 8. Hill’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina edwardshilli), 9. Fly River Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina muscinus), 10. Semon’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina semoni), 11. Northern Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina stenotis), 12. Wollaston’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Doryrhina wollastoni), 13. Commerson’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Macronycteris commersonii), 14. Madagascar Cryptic Leaf-nosed Bat (Macronycteris cryptovalorona), 15. Giant Leaf-nosed Bat Macronycteris gigas rench: (Phyllorhine géante), 16. Sao Tome Leaf-nosed Bat Macronycteris thomensis rench: Phyllorhine de (Sao Tomé), 17. Striped Leaf-nosed Bat (Macronycteris vittatus), 18. Dong Bac Trident Bat (Aselliscus dongbacanus), 19. Stoliczka’s Trident Bat (Aselliscus stoliczkanus), 20. Temminck’s Trident Bat (Aselliscus tricuspidatus), 21. East Asian Tailless Leaf-nosed (Bat Coelopsfrithii), 22. Malayan Tailless Leaf-nosed Bat (Coelops robinsoni), 23. Solomons Leaf-nosed Bat (Anthops omatus)

Distribution. Widespread in tropical Africa from Senegal E to extreme S South Sudan , NE DR Congo , W Uganda , Rwanda , and Burundi , with isolated populations in W & SE Kenya and NE Tanzania ; also on Bioko I.