Hipposideros bicolor, Temminck, 1834

Don E. Wilson & Russell A. Mittermeier, 2019, Hipposideridae, Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 9 Bats, Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, pp. 227-258 : 250

63.

Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat

Hipposideros bicolor

French: Phyllorhine bicolore / German: Zweifarb-Rundblattnase / Spanish: Hiposidérido bicolor

Other common names: Bicolored Roundleaf Bat

Taxonomy. Rhinolophus bicolor Temminck, 1834 , “ Java, Amboina en op Timor.” Restricted by G. H. H. Tate in 1941 to “ Java and Timor.”

Hipposideros bicolor was formerly included in the bicolor species group, but is now in the new ater species group. Seven subspecies recognized.

Subspecies and Distribution.

H. b. bicolor Temminck, 1834 -Borneo, Java, and W Lesser Sunda Is.

H.b.atroxK.Andersen,1918—SThailand,MalayPeninsula(includingTarutaoandTiomanIs),Sumatra,andBangkaIs.

H.b.erigensLawrence,1939-Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,andBoholIs)H.b.hilliKitchener,1996—TimorI,ELesserSundas.

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H.b.majorK.Andersen,1918-NiasandEngganoIs,offWSumatra.

H.b.selatanKitchener,1996—SavuandRotiIs,ELesserSundas.

H. b. tanimbarensis Kitchener, 1996 — Tanimbar Is (Selaru).

Previous records from Taiwan I, Laos, and Vietnam may prove to be misidentifications and need further verification.

Descriptive notes. Forearm 43-48 mm. Noseleaf of the Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat has one thin supplementary leaflet on each side. Anterior leaf is somewhat rounded. Intemarial septum is parallel-sided. Pelage is grayish brown to dark brown, or reddish brown. Skull is small; sagittal crest is moderately developed. P3 is small and extruded from tooth row. Baculum is very small, c. 3 mm in length, with thin, curved shaft with blunt base and bifid tip. Chromosomal complement has 2n = 32 and FN = 60.

Habitat. The Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat forages in forest gaps, and the understory of primary rainforest, dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, and secondary forest. It can be found in orchards, rubber and oil-palm plantations near roosting caves. It is abundant in lowland forests in limestone karst habitat and can be found up to 600 m.

Food and Feeding. The Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat feeds on small insects in forest gaps and along trails or over water bodies; it feeds in the understory, c. 3 m aboveground.

Breeding. In peninsular Thailand, females were found pregnant in March-May and the young with lactating females were observed in late April-June.

Activity patterns. The Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat roosts in limestone caves, rock crevices, houses, old buildings, underground pipes or hollow trees. Call frequency of the F segment is 127—135 kHz.

Movements, Home range and Social organization. Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bats roost in small to large groups, in caves; these can be shared with Kunz’s Leaf-nosed Bats ( H. kunzi ), Least Leaf-nosed Bats ( H. cineraceus ), Great Himalayan Leaf-nosed Bats ( H. armiger ), Horsfield’s Leaf-nosed Bats ( H. larvatus ), Diadem Leaf-nosed Bats (W. diadema ), Pendlebury’s Leaf-nosed Bats { H. pendleburyi ), and also various Rhinolophus species.

Status and Conservation. Classified as Least Concern on The IUCN Red List. The Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat is fairly common and is found in several protected areas.

Bibliography. Corbet & Hill (1992), Csorba, Bumrungsri, Francis, Bates & Gumal (2008), Douangboubpha, Bumrungsri, Soisook, Satasook et al. (2010), Heaney et al. (1998), Kingston et al. (2006), Murray et al. (2018), Phillipps & Phillipps (2016), Simmons (2005), Tate (1941a).

Figures

47. Short-tailed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros curtus), 49. Aellen’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros marisae), 50. Schneider’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros speoris), 51. Spurred Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros calcaratus), 52. Fawn-colored Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ceruinus), 53. Cox’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coxi), 54. Cantor’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros galeritus), 55. Aba Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros abae), 56. Benito Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros beatus), 57. Sundevall’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros caffer), 58. Sooty Leaf-nosed (Bat Hipposiderosfuliginosus), 59. Lamotte’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros lamottei), 60. Noack’s Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ruber), 61. Maghreb Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros tephrus), 62. Dusky Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros ater), 63. Bicolored Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros bicolor), 64. Short-headed Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros breviceps), 65. Least Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros cineraceus), 66. Large Mindanao Leaf-nosed Bat (Hipposideros coronatus)

Subspecies and Distribution. H. b. bicolor Temminck, 1834 -Borneo, Java, and W Lesser Sunda Is. H.b.atroxK.Andersen,1918—SThailand,MalayPeninsula(includingTarutaoandTiomanIs),Sumatra,andBangkaIs. H.b.erigensLawrence,1939-Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,andBoholIs)H.b.hilliKitchener,1996—TimorI,ELesserSundas. . H.b.majorK.Andersen,1918-NiasandEngganoIs,offWSumatra. H.b.selatanKitchener,1996—SavuandRotiIs,ELesserSundas. H. b. tanimbarensis Kitchener, 1996 — Tanimbar Is (Selaru). Previous records from Taiwan I, Laos , and Vietnam may prove to be misidentifications and need further verification.