Cnemaspis purnamai, Riyanto & Hamidy & Sidik & Gunalen, 2017

Riyanto, Awal, Hamidy, Amir, Sidik, Irvan & Gunalen, Danny, 2017, A new species of Rock Gecko of the genus Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Belitung Island, Indonesia, Zootaxa 4358 (3), pp. 583-597 : 585-595

Cnemaspis purnamai sp.nov.

English common name: Belitung Rock Gecko Indonesia common name: Cicak Batu Belitung ( Figures 2–6 )

Holotype ( Fig. 2 ). MZB.Lace.14076 ( Field number MUN 14), an adult male from the village (desa) of Burong Mandi , Damar district (kecamatan), Belitung Timur Regency (kabupaten), Kepuluan Riau Province (propinsi), Belitung Island, Indonesia (2o46’13”S; 108o14’48” E; elevation 13 m above sea level); collected by Amir Hamidy, Irvan Sidik, Danny Gunalen, and Fify Lety Indra Purnama on March 25 or 26, 2017.

Paratype. MZB.Lace.14074 (Field number MUN 12), adult female, MZB.Lace.14075 (Field number MUN 13), adult male ( Fig. 2 ). Same data as the holotype.

Diagnosis. The following combination of characters distinguish Cnemaspis purnamai sp. nov. from all other Southeast Asian congeners: (1) a known maximum SVL of 54.1 mm, (2) five or six postmental scales, (3) enlarged submetacarpal scales present on the first finger, (4) enlarged submetatarsal scales present on the first toe, (5) ventral scales keeled, (6) absence of precloacal pores, (7) absence of enlarge femoral scales, (8) absence of shieldlike subtibial scales, (9) caudal tubercles encircling the tail, (10) an interrupted median row of enlarged keeled subcaudal scales, (11) presence of a distinct furrow on the lateral surface of the tail, (12) 22–24 lamellae beneath fourth toe, and (13) two postcloacal tubercles on each side of the base of the tail.

Description of holotype. An adult male, 50.8 mm SVL; head moderately large, elongate, narrow, distinct from neck, its length 27.4% of SVL; head width 65.2% of head length and 17.8% of SVL; snout short, its length 44.0% of head length and much greater (178.1%) than eye diameter, concave in lateral profile; eye large, its diameter 81.5% of eye to ear distance and 24.7% of head length; interorbital region relatively broad, with interorbital distance 14.0% of head length; pupil rounded; ear length 59.2% of eyes diameter. A profile of the head of the holotype in lateral view is provided in Fig. 4A .

Rostral divided by a median groove, postventrally in contact with first supralabials, contacted posteriorly by two nasals and postdorsally by two enlarged supranasals that are in contact with one another, no internasal scales between supranasals ( Fig. 4B ); nostril oval, dorsally oriented (upward); scales of snout keeled, larger than those of occipital region; scales of interorbital and superciliary regions weakly keeled, smaller than occipital scales; 11 supralabials and 9 infralabials.

Mental large, subtriangular, elongate, its length 117.2% of its width and 7.7% of HeadL ( Figures 4C–D ), and reaches posteriorly to a point equal to the anterior part of third infralabial, laterally in contact with first infralabials, postero-laterally bordered by 5 postmental scales; the arrangement of the postmentals on the holotype not symmetrical, slightly damaged on the right side of the postmental (the postmentals are symmetrical in all paratypes); postmentals bordered posteriorly by 12 much more weakly keeled scales; scales on throat raised, also weakly keeled.

Body slender, elongate, with axilla groin distance 48.3% of SVL; middorsal granules pointed, homogeneous, weakly keeled, intermixed with slightly enlarged tubercles; dorsal tubercles moderately prominent and randomly distributed; no tubercles on flanks; dorsal scales at midbody smaller than ventrals at same level; paravertebral tubercles 15, flat, sub-pyramidal and weakly tricarinate, each about two or three times as large as granules separating them; abdominal and ventral scales subequal in size, ovoid, tricarinate, juxtaposed; ventral scales 40 across midbody; lateral scales smooth; no precloacal and femoral pores; no enlarged femoral scales.

Forelimbs short with antebrachium length 19.5% of SVL, brachium length 15.1% of SVL; dorsal scales on both antebrachium and brachium tricarinate, same size as abdominal scales; ventral scales of antebrachium slightly larger than on brachium, keeled; ventral scales of brachium weakly tricarinate; digits well developed, elongate, slender, all bearing slightly recurved claws; enlarged submetacarpal present at base of first finger ( Fig. 5A ); relative lengths of fingers 4>3>5>2>1; 10 LamF1, 18 LamF2, 20 LamF3, 23 LamF4, and 16 LamF5.

Hindlimbs relatively long, tibia length 23.3% of SVL, thigh short, its length 24.9% of SVL; dorsal scales on both tibias and thighs weakly tricarinate, size relatively homogeneous; ventral scales on tibias and thighs keeled, slightly larger than ventral thighs; digits well developed, elongate, slender, all bearing slightly recurved claws; enlarged submetatarsal present at the base of first toe ( Fig. 5B ); relative length of toes 4>3>5>2>1; 8 LamT1, 17 LamT2, 21 LamT3, 24 LamT4, and 24 LamT5.

The tail of the holotype is regenerated with a total length 529.9 mm. Base of tail swollen with two conical postcloacal spurs on each side. The unregenerated proximal part of the tail is 8.4 mm in length; segmented with two whorls of tubercles and encircling tail, each whorl with eight enlarged keeled tubercles and separated from each other by 6–8 small scales dorsally and by 4 subcaudals ventrally. Dorsal scales of unregenerated tail about one third in size of subcaudal scales, dorsal scales tricarinate and subcaudals unicarinate. The regenerated portion of the tail is 44.5 mm in length and covered by homogeneous small unicarinate scales without tubercles. Dorsal scales of this portion rather smaller than subcaudal scales.

The longest original tail is exhibited by one of the two paratypes (MZB.Lace.14075) and is also described here. Tail base swollen; two conical postcloacal spurs present on each side; dorsal scales on tail rounded, posteriorly pointed and keeled; tail segmented with 11 whorls of tubercles, each whorl consisting of eight enlarged keeled tubercles separated from one another by 1 to 7 small scales; each whorl separated from adjacent whorls by 5 to 6 small scales; caudal tubercles encircling tail; a distinct furrow on the lateral surface of the tail present ( Fig. 6A ); subcaudal scales unicarinate; interrupted median row of enlarged unicarinate subcaudals ( Fig. 6B ).

Color pattern in life. Dorsal ground color brick-red; a median yellowish spot on rostrum, canthus rostralis bearing yellowish line; thin, white-yellowish nuchal loop extending from posterior margin of one orbit to the other; an upper nuchal loop present in the form of a black line; paired whitish markings on occiput; small, yellowish, linearly arranged spots on side of neck and nape; large, faint, dark, linearly arranged blotches on anterior portion of body and nape; flanks bearing small, round, yellow spots that extend onto lateral margins of abdomen; five blackish bands consisting of irregular rows of three, transversely aligned blotches occur between limb insertions and extend onto original tail, interspersed by yellow blotches; no vertebral stripe. Dorsal ground color of unregenerated tail is brick-red, the blackish transverse stripe on the second whorl (adjacent to regenerated portion of tail) forming a black band. Yellowish spots present on the dorsal and subcaudal regions of the regenerated portion.

Variation. The paratypes resemble the holotype in coloration and there seems to be no sexual dimorphism in coloration, although one of female paratypes (MZB.Lace.14075) is more vividly patterned. Meristic and mensural differences are presented in Table 1.

Etymology. The species name “ purnamai ” is in dedication to the phenomenal public figure, Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, regent of Belitung Timur Regency from 3 August 2005 until 22 December 2006 and Governor of Jakarta from 19 November 2014 until 9 May 2017, who ran a strong and honest government in these administrative areas.

Distribution and natural history. At present, the new species only known from the type locality ( Fig. 1 ). The species was diurnally active in lowland primary forest habitats. The type series was collected on a large stone at night between 20.00–23.00h when they were inactive. All three individuals were 1˗1.5 meters above the forest floor.

Species Comparison. Cnemaspis purnamai sp.nov. can be readily distinguished from its congeners from Borneo, Sumatra, and Peninsular Malaysia with the exception of the superficially similar C. kendallii , C. peninsularis Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Chan, Quah & Pauwels, 2014a , and C. rajabasa Amarasinghe, Harvey, Riyanto & Smith, 2015 , in having the following unique combination of characters: both ventral and subcaudal scales keeled, no precloacal pores, and the caudal tubercles encircling the tail.

The new species differs from C. kendallii in having a smaller SVL in adults (54.1 versus 60.9 mm), the presence (versus absence) of enlarged submetatarsal scales on the first toe, and fewer lamellae under the fourth toe (22–24 versus 27–33); from C. peninsularis by a smaller SVL in adults (54.1 versus 60 mm), presence (versus absence) of enlarged submetatarsal scales on the first toe, and fewer lamellae under the fourth toe (22–24 versus 29–35); and from C. rajabasa by the presence (versus absence) of enlarged submetatarsal scales on the first toe, absence (versus presence) of a single median row of keeled subcaudals and fewer lamellae under the fourth toe (22–24 versus 28–34).

The new species lacks precloacal pores which distinguishes it from the following species all of which have precloacal pores: C. baueri Das & Grismer, 2003 , C. bidongensis Grismer, Wood, Amirrudin, Sumarli, Vazquez, Ismail, Nance, Muhammad, Mohamad, Syed, Kuss, M., Murdoch & Cobos, 2014b , C. biocellata Grismer, Chan, Nurolhuda & Sumontha, 2008a , C. chanthaburiensis Bauer & Das, 1998 , C. hangus Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Chan, Quah & Pauwels, 2014a , C. kumpoli Taylor, 1963 , C. limi Das & Grismer, 2003 , C. leucura , C. monachorum Grismer, Norhayati, Chan, Belabut, Muin, Wood & Norhayati, 2009 , C. shahruli Grismer, Chan, Quah, Mohd, Savage, Grismer, Norhayati, Greer & Remegio, 2010a ; whereas C. andalas Iskandar, McGuire & Amarasinghe, 2017 , C. affinis ( Stoliczka, 1870) , C. argus Dring. 1979 , C. bayuensis Grismer, Grismer, Wood & Chan, 2008b , C. flavigaster Chan & Grismer, 2008 , C. dezwani Das, 2005 , C. dringi , C. flavolineata ( Nicholls, 1949) , C. gismeri Wood, Quah, Anuar & Muin, 2013 , C. harimau Chan, Grismer, Shahrul, Quah, Muin, Savage, Grismer, Norhayati, Remegio & Greer, 2010 , C. karsticola Grismer, Grismer, Wood & Chan, 2008b , C. minang Iskandar, McGuire & Amarasinghe, 2017 , C. mcguirei Grismer, Grismer, Wood & Chan, 2008b , C. modiglianii Das, 2005 , C. narathiwatensis Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010b , C. neangthyi Grismer, Grismer & Thou, 2010c , C. nigrida , C. pagai Iskandar, McGuire & Amarasinghe, 2017 , C. paripari C. perhentianensis Grismer & Chan, 2008 , C. pseudomcguirei Grismer, Norhayati, Chan, Belabut, Muin, Wood & Norhayati, 2009 , C. selamatkanmerapoh Grismer, Wood, Mohamed, Chan, Heinz, Sumarli, Chan & Loredo, 2013 , C. stongensis Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Chan, Quah & Pauwels, 2014a , C. tapanuli Iskandar, McGuire & Amarasinghe, 2017 , C. temiah Grismer, Wood, Anuar, Riyanto, Ahmad, Muin, Sumontha, Grismer, Chan, Quah & Pauwels, 2014a and C. whittenorum Das, 2005 .

keeleđ gular scales, 4= paravertebral tubercles, 5 = keeleđ abđominal scales, 6 = keeleđ subcauđal scales, 7 = enlargeđ međian subcauđal row, 8 = cauđal tubercles encircling

, 9 = number of precloacal pores, 10 = number femoral pores, 11 = enlargeđ submetatarsal scales on first toe, 12 = number of lamellae unđer fourth toe, 13 = single međian row

keeleđ subcauđal scales, anđ 14 = đistribution. Reference. A7 Amarasinghe et al. (2015); B7Das (2005); C7Das & Bauer (1998); D7 Gray (1845); E7 Grismer & Das 2005); F7 Grismer et al. (2014a); G7 Iskanđar et al. (2017); anđ H7this stuđy (specimen examination).

tapanuli 32.1 24 0 1? 0 0 1 0 4,3 4 or 5 on each 0 18 0 Sumatra G,H

siđe, 3

Cnemaspis dezwaani is known from two ađult male type specimens (see Das 2005). Hence, it is currently unknown whether females have pores.

Cnemaspis minang is also known from two male type specimens (see Iskanđar et al. 2017). Hence, it is currently unknown whether females have pores.

Cnemaspis pagai is known from single male type specimen (see Iskanđar et al. 2017). Hence, it is currently unknown whether females have pores.

purnamai rajabasa leucura nigridia paripari dringi kendallii sundainsula mumpuniae ......continued on the next page

The ventral scales in the new species are keeled, whereas the following species have smooth ventrals: Cnemaspis andalas , C. aurantiacopes Grismer & Ngo, 2007 , C. biocellata , C. boulengeri , C. caudanivea Grismer & Ngo, 2007 , C. chanthaburiensis , C. flavigaster , C. huaseesom Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010b , C. kumpoli , C. laoensis Grismer, 2010 , C. monachorum , C. minang , C. neangthyi , C. niyomwanae Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010b , C. nuicamensis Grismer & Ngo, 2007 , C. psychedelica Grismer, Ngo & Grismer, 2010d , C. punctatonuchalis, Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010b , C. tapanuli and C. tucdupensis Grismer & Ngo, 2007 .

By lacking enlarged femoral scales, the new species can be distinguished from C. boulengerii Strauch, 1887 and C. psychedelica .

The new species possesses keeled subcaudal scales, which separates it from Cnemaspis andalas , C. aurantiacopes , C. biocellata , C. boulengeri , C. caudanivea , C. chanthaburiensis , C. flavigaster , C. kumpoli , C. laoensis , C. limi , C. minang , C. monachorum , C. neangthyi , C. niyomwanae , C. nuicamensis , C. psychedelica , C. sundainsula . C. tapanuli , and C. tucdupensis .

The new species possesses enlarged submetatarsal scales on the first toe which distinguishes it from the following species all of which lack enlarged submetatarsals under the first toe: C. affinis , C. argus , C. bayuensis , C. baueri , C. bidongensis , C. biocellata , C. caudanivea , C. chanardi , C. chanthaburiensis , C. flavolineata , C. grismeri Wood, Quah, Anuar & Muin, 2013 , C. hangus , C. harimau , C. huaseesom , C. kamolnorranathi Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010b , C. karsticola , C. kendallii , C. limi , C. mcguirei , C. mumpuniae , C. narathiwatensis , C. pemanggilensis , C. peninsularis , C. perhentianensis , C. punctatonuchalis , C. rajabasa , C. selamatkanmerapoh , C. shahruli , C. siamensis ( Smith, 1925) , C. stongensis , C. sundagekko , C. tapanuli , C. temiah , and C. vandeventeri Grismer, Sumontha, Cota, Grismer, Wood, Pauwels & Kunya, 2010b .

The new species possesses caudal tubercles encircling the tail which differentiates it from Cnemaspis affinis , C. andalas , C. argus , C. bayuensis , C. boulengerii , C. biocellata , C. caudanivea , C. chanardi , C. chanthaburiensis , C, dringi , C. flavigaster , C. leucura , C. grismeri , C. hangus , C. huaseesom , C. kamolnorranathi , C. karsticola , C. kumpoli , C. laoensis , C. limi , C. minang , C. mcguirei , C. monachorum , C. narathiwatensis , C. neangthyi , C. nigridia , C. niyomwanae , C. nuicamensis , C. aurantiacopes , C. pagai , C. paripari , C. perhentianensis , C. pseudomcguirei , C. psychedelica , C. punctatonuchalis , C. roticanai , C. selamatkanmerapoh , C. sundainsula , C. shahruli , C. siamensis , C. stongensis , C. tapanuli , C. temiah , C. tucdupensis , and C. vandeventeri .

The new species has an enlarged median row of subcaudals distinguishing it from C. aceh , C. andalas , C. aurantiacopes , C. baueri , C. bidongensis , C. biocellata , C. bidongrndid . C. boulengeri , C. chanardi , C. dezwaani Das, 2005 , C. jacobsoni Das, 2005 , C. kumpoli , C. limi , C. minang , C. modiglianii , C. monachorum , C. mumpuniae , C. neangthyi , C. nigridia , C. niyomwanae , C. nuicamensis , C. pagai , C. paripari , C. pemanggilensis , C. psychedelica , C. punctatonuchalis , C. siamensis , C. sundagekko , C. sundainsula , C. whittenorum , C. tapanuli , and C. vandeventeri .

Cnemaspis purnamai sp. nov. has a distinct furrow on the lateral margin of the tail that separates it from C. boulengerii and C. psychedelica . The new species lacks a pale vertebral stripe (species with variable present of this character donated ‘*’) which separates it from Cnemaspis aceh , C. andalas , C. dezwaani , C. flavolineata *, C. jacobsoni , C. narathiwatensis , C. pseudomcguirei *, C. shahruli *, C. tapanuli , C. temiah * and C. whittenorum .

A summary of the diagnostic characters used to distinguish Cnemaspis species in the kendallii group of the Southern Sunda Clade (sensu Grismer et al. 2014a) and occurring in Sumatra presented is in Table 2. We also compared the color pattern on the new species to the species in the kendallii group based on data provided by Grismer et al. (2014a) ( Table 3). Based on color pattern, the new species is superficially similar C. mumpuniae with differs in the presence of caudal bands and yellow caudal bands anteriorly.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Distribution of Cnemaspis on Sumatra, Peninsular Malaysia and part of Borneo based on the type localities. Blue square = C. aceh, yellow square = C. tapanuli, pink squares = C. andalas, red square = C. minang, brown square = C. jacobsoni, green squares = C. dezwaani, blue hexagon = C. whittenorum, red hexagon = C. pagai, yellow hexagon = C. modigliani, red circle = C. purnamai sp. nov., green circle = C. nigridia, yellow circle = C. leucura, blue circle = C. paripari, brown circle = C. dringi, pink triangle = C. baueri, red triangle = C. pemanggilensis, dark green triangle = C. peninsularis, green triangle = C. rajabasa, blue triangle = C. sundagekko, yellow triangle = C. sundainsula, and brown triangle = C. mumpuniae. The distribution of C. kendallii on Borneo is not shown because the type description did not provide precise locality information.

FIGURE 2. The holotype of Cnemaspis purnamai sp. nov. (MZB.Lace.14076). A. Lateral view from left side. B. Lateral view from right side. Photo by A. Riyanto.

FIGURE 3. Paratype of Cnemaspis purnamai sp.nov.(MZB.Lace.14075). Photo by A. Riyanto, B. Photo by A. Hamidy.

FIGURE 4. Close up views of the head of Cnemaspis purnamai sp. nov. A. Lateral view of holotype. B. Rostral region of holotype.C. Mental region of holotype.D. Mental region of paratype MZB.Lace.14075. Bar = 5 mm. Photos by A. Riyanto.

FIGURE 5. Ventral views of palmar and tarsal regions of the holotype of Cnemaspis purnamai sp. nov. A. Palmar view showing the enlarged submetacarpal scale on the base of the first finger. B. Tarsal view showing the enlarged submetatarsal scale on the base of the first toe.Bar = 5 mm. Photos by A.Riyanto.

FIGURE 6. Tail of Cnemaspis purnamai sp. nov., paratype MZB.Lace.14075. A. Lateral view the furrow separated by paired tubercles. B. Ventral views showing the unicarinate subcaudal scales, and the interrupted median row of enlarged uncarinate subcaudals. Bar = 5 mm. Photos by A. Riyanto.