Lysmata ankeri Rhyne & Lin, 2006

Pachelle, Paulo P. G., Carvalho, Leina, Alves, Douglas F. R. & Anker, Arthur, 2020, A revision of the Brazilian species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 (Decapoda: Caridea Lysmatidae), with discussion of the morphological characters used in their identification, Zootaxa 4789 (1), pp. 55-90 : 57-60

Lysmata ankeri Rhyne & Lin, 2006

( Figures 1 , 2 )

Lysmata ankeri Rhyne & Lin, 2006: 179 , figs. 7–9, pls. 1C, 2 (map) [partim?] Wirtz et al. 2009: 2, table 1, fig. 4; Alves et al.

2015: 54, figs. 1, 2; Giraldes & Freire 2015: 424, fig. 6; Barros-Alves et al. 2016: 2, fig. 1a; Terossi et al. 2018: 82. Lysmata wurdemanni— Christoffersen 1980: 228 (partim?) [not L. wurdemanni ( Gibbes, 1850) ].

Material examined. Brazil: 4 non-ov. specimens (pocl 10.2– 8.4 mm), 2 ov. specimens (pocl 9.2, 8.0 mm), MZUSP 34848 , Bahia, exact locality unknown, collector unknown, purchased from aquarium shop in São Paulo, 26.vii.2016 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 9.6 mm), MZUSP 36970 , Bahia, exact locality unknown, collector unknown, purchased from aquarium shop in São Paulo, 09.ii.2018 ; 1 ov. specimen (pocl 9.8 mm), MZUSP 36971 , same collection data as for previous specimen, 09.ii.2018 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 9.0 mm), MZUSP 39101 , same collection data as for previous specimen, x.2018 ; 15 non-ov. specimens (pocl 11.0–6.0mm), MZUSP 39103 , same collection data as for previous specimen, x.2018; 21 specimens (pocl 9.0– 7.5mm) , MZUSP 39098 , same collection data as for previous specimen, x.2018 ; 2 non-ov. specimens (pocl 8.2 –6.0 mm), MZUSP 12916 , Espírito Santo, Guarapari, Ilhas Rasas, collector unknown, 31.i.1999 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 8.0 mm), MZUSP 17016 , Espírito Santo, Guarapari, Ilha Escalvada , coll. P. Wirtz, vi.2006 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 5.3 mm), MZUSP 34360 , Espírito Santo, Guarapari, Ilha Escalvada , 15 m, coll. J.L. Gasparini, 19.i.1997; 1 specimen (pocl 6.1 mm) , 1 ov. specimen (pocl 8.9 mm), MZUSP 32014 , Rio de Janeiro , Ilha Grande bay , collector unknown, i.2007 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 8.6 mm), MZUSP 31740 , Rio de Janeiro , Cabo Frio, collector unknown, 01.vi.1981 ; 2 non-ov. specimens (pocl 9.3, 6.3 mm), MZUSP 32641 , São Paulo, Ubatuba , Ilhote das Couves, coll. D.F. R. Alves, vi.2013 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 6.9 mm), MZUSP 12563 , São Paulo, Ubatuba, Enseada de Ubatuba , collector unknown, viii.1996 ; 1 non-ov. specimen, (pocl 5.4 mm), MZUSP 25508 , São Paulo, Ubatuba, Enseada de Ubatuba , collector unknown, 27.vii.1996 ; 1 nonov. specimen (pocl 4.4 mm), MZUSP 31562 , São Paulo, Ubatuba, Enseada de Ubatuba , coll. unknown, 20.vii.1999 ; 2 non-ov. specimens (pocl 6.0, 5.5 mm), MZUSP 32091 , São Paulo, Ubatuba, Enseada de Ubatuba , collector unknown, 07.iii.1999; 1 specimen (pocl 4.6 mm) , MZUSP 32170 , São Paulo, Ubatuba, Enseada de Ubatuba , collector unknown, 07.iii.1999 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 4.2 mm), MZUSP 32285 , São Paulo, Ubatuba, Enseada de Ubatuba , collector unknown, 20.iii.1996 ; 1 non-ov. specimen (pocl 8.0 mm), MZUSP 32093 , same collection data as for previous specimen, 26.i.1999 .

First record for Brazil. Bahia and Rio de Janeiro ( Rhyne & Lin 2006) .

Distribution. Western Atlantic: USA (Florida), Haiti, Venezuela, Panama, Suriname, French Guyana and Brazil (Bahia, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Santa Catarina) ( Rhyne & Lin 2006; Wirtz et al. 2009; Alves et al. 2015; Giraldes & Freire 2015; Barros-Alves et al. 2016; Terossi et al. 2018) ( Fig. 16 ).

Ecology. Various types of hard bottoms, especially on coral reefs rich in rubble, rocky reefs and fossilized shallow reefs with abundance in caves and shelters ( Alves et al. 2015; Giraldes & Freire 2015; Barros-Alves et al. 2016), depth range: 1–35 m ( Rhyne & Lin 2006; Terossi et al. 2018); generally free-living, but may occasionally associate with sea anemones, e.g. Condylactis gigantea (Weinland, 1860) ( Wirtz et al. 2009) .

Remarks. Lysmata ankeri is one of the three species of the L. wurdemanni complex, which are known to occur in Brazil, the others being L. bahia and L. wurdemanni (see below). Compared to L. bahia and L. wurdemanni , living individuals of L. ankeri are readily recognised by the lack of a transverse band on the posterior margin of the second pleonite and the more uniform and continuous dorsal stripes on the second and third pleonites ( Fig. 1 ; see also Rhyne & Lin 2006: pl. 1; Terossi et al. 2018: fig. 2C–D). Morphologically, L. ankeri can be reliably separated from L. bahia by the shorter stylocerite, reaching only to the mid-length of the first article of the antennular peduncle (versus reaching or almost reaching the distal margin of this article in L. bahia ), and the more protruding intraorbital process of the carapace ( Fig. 2 A–C; see also Rhyne & Lin 2006: figs. 7A–B, 16A–B). According to Rhyne & Lin (2006), L. ankeri differs from L. wurdemanni in the number of subdivisions in the second pereopod carpus (33–41 in L. ankeri vs. 27–30 in L. wurdemanni ), and in the armature of the dorsal margin of the rostrum (6–8 teeth in L. ankeri versus 4–6 in L. wurdemanni ; it must be noted that Rhyne & Lin (2006) counted the post-orbital teeth on the carapace as rostral teeth). However, Terossi et al. (2018) ’s material of L. wurdemanni and part of our specimens of L. ankeri suggest that neither of these two characters is reliable to separate L. ankeri from L. wurdemanni (see Discussion). For instance, while trying to separate morphologically the photo-vouchered individuals of L. ankeri and L. bahia , we noted that sometimes the number of subdivisions of the second pereopod carpus contradicted the colour pattern (e.g., the specimen depicted in Fig. 1 has 21 subdivisions on the right carpus and 29 on the left carpus; see also Table 1). Alves et al. (2015) also reported specimens of L. ankeri with 5–7 teeth on the dorsal margin of the rostrum, which further overlaps with the expected range for L. wurdemanni (4–6 teeth according to Rhyne & Lin 2006). Therefore, as for now, the most reliable morphological distinction between L. ankeri and L. wurdemanni is the colour pattern. Lysmata ankeri also differs from both L. bahia and L. wurdemanni by the colour of freshly laid eggs, which are pink in L. ankeri and green in the other two species. The genetic divergence between L. ankeri and the other species of the L. wurdemanni species complex has been shown in several phylogenetic studies using molecular data ( Baeza et al. 2009; Baeza 2010). Rhyne & Lin (2006: fig. 8C) illustrated a specimen with a considerably long stylocerite, atypical for L. ankeri , which leads us to believe that this specimen could be another species within the complex (likely L. bahia ), but probably with the number of carpal subdivisions on the second pereopod matching L. ankeri .

Figures

FIGURE 1. Lysmata ankeri Rhyne & Lin, 2006: ov. specimen from Bahia (pocl 9.8 mm; MZUSP 36971) in dorsal (A) and lateral (B) views. Scale bars: 10 mm. Photographs: P. Pachelle.

FIGURE 2. Lysmata ankeri Rhyne & Lin, 2006, non-ov. specimen from Bahia (pocl 9.6 mm; MZUSP 36970): (A) frontal margin and cephalic appendages, lateral view; (B) infraorbital region, lateral view; (C) same, dorsolateral view; (D) left third maxilliped, antepenultimate and penultimate articles, ventromesial view; (E) left antennule, third article of antennular peduncle and flagella, mesial view; (F) same, bifurcation between upper flagellum and accessory ramus, mesial view; (G) right first pereopod, merus to propodus, lateral view.

FIGURE 16. Distribution map for 11 species of Lysmata Risso, 1816 currently known from the Brazilian coast and offshore islands. Abbreviations: Alagoas (AL), Amapá (AP), Atol das Rocas (AR), Bahia (BA), Ceará (CE), Espírito Santo (ES), Maranhão (MA), Pará (PA), Paraíba (PB), Paraná (PR), Pernambuco (PE), Piauí (PI), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Santa Catarina (SC), São Paulo (SP), São Pedro e São Paulo (SPSP), Sergipe (SE), Trindade e Martim Vaz (TMV).