Celsifornix carteri Baliński and Sun, 2010a

Sun, Yuanlin & Baliński, Andrzej, 2011, Silicified Mississippian brachiopods from Muhua, southern China: Rhynchonellides, athyridides, spiriferides, spiriferinides, and terebratulides, Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 56 (4), pp. 793-842 : 831

Celsifornix carteri Baliński and Sun, 2010a

Figs. 4K, L , 5A, B, D, 6D, F , 29 .

2010 Voiseyella carteri sp. nov.; Baliński and Sun 2010a: 96–97, pl. 1: 1–33, text−fig. 5.

Material.—43 single ventral and 88 dorsal valves, generally well preserved. All specimens from sample MH 1 apart from a single ventral valve was found in sample M2−8.

Remarks.—This species was recently described in detail by Baliński and Sun (2010a: pl. 1, text−fig. 4). It is distinguished from the other species of the genus by its strongly transverse outline (dorsal valve width to length ratio varies from 2.2 to 5.0; Fig. 29A–E ). This great variability is connected mainly with a very variable development of cardinal extremities which in some exceptionally fusiform specimens may be extremely expanded and delicate ( Fig. 29C ). It is noteworthy that the great variability in the shell width to length ratio is associated with similar variability in the number of lateral costae which varies from 14 to 32: generally the wider valves have more radial costae.

Stratigraphic and geographic range.—Known exclusively from the type locality and horizon. One of the most numerous spiriferids in the Muhua Formation.

Figures

Fig. 4. Shell damage in silicified brachiopods from the Tournaisian Muhua Formation, southern China. A. Drilled ventral valve of Subglobosochonetes gedongguensis Sun and Baliński, 2008, PKUM02−0390, in exterior (A1) and interior (A2) views. B, C. Two shells of Cleiothyridina deroissyi (Léveillé, 1835) with boreholes, PKUM02−0391 (B) and PKUM02−0392 (C), in dorso−lateral (B) and ventral (C) views, respectively. D, E. Two damaged shells of Cleiothyridina tenuilineata (Rowley, 1900) with boreholes, PKUM02−0393 (D) and PKUM02−0394 (E), in dorsal (D1, E1) and enlarged (D2, E2) views. F. Damaged ventral valve of Cleiothyridina tenuilineata (Rowley, 1900), PKUM02−0395, in general exterior (F1) and more detailed (F2) views. G, H. Two shells of Crurithyris cf. nastus Brunton and Champion, 1974 with boreholes, PKUM02−0396 (G) and PKUM02−0397 (H), in general dorsal (G1, H1) and detailed (G2, H2) views. I. Shell of Cleiothyridina deroissyi (Léveillé, 1835), PKUM02−0398, with a few small−sized boreholes in dorsal valve. J. Shell of Cleiothyridina tenuilineata (Rowley, 1900) with a series of small−sized boreholes, PKUM02−0399, in ventral (J1) and enlarged (J2) views. K, L. Two dorsal valves of Cesifornix carteri Baliński and Sun, 2010a, PKUM02−0400 (K) and PKUM02−0401 (L), bored from the exterior (K1, L1) and showing “blister” deposits in the interior (K2, L2) as a response to borings. M. Dorsal valve of Schellwienella sp., PKUM02−0317, showing numerous external borings of a barnacle (M1) and internal “blisters” sealing the damages (M2) (illustrated by Baliński and Sun 2008: fig. 21D; M2 new photograph). N. Koskinoid perforations in posterior region of ventral valve of Serratocrista sp., PKUM02−0402. Samples GB/GT (A, N), MH1 (B–G, I–L), and MH2 (H, M).

Fig. 6. Shell damage and malformation in silicified brachiopods from the Tornaisian Muhua Formation, southern China. A. Incomplete dorsal valve of orthotetide Schuchertella sp., PKUM02−0320, in general external (A1) and more detailed (A2) views showing damage to the middle anterior margin at the earlier stage of growth resulting in bilobate outline of the valve; note also disturbance of median costellae and a later recovery after some arrest of growth (specimen illustrated also by Sun and Baliński 2008: fig. 22C). B, C. Two dorsal valves of orthotetide Lamellispina spinosa Sun and Baliński, 2008, PKUM02−0406 and PKUM02−0407, viewed from the interior showing distortion/malformation of growth due to crowding. D. Seriously damaged ventral valve of spiriferide Celsifornix carteri Baliński and Sun, 2010a, PKUM02−0408, in external (D1) and internal (D2) views showing full recovery after some arrest of growth; note another (subsequent) repaired damage on the left flank of the specimen. E. Incomplete ventral valve of spiriferide Parallelora sp., PKUM02−0409, in external (E1) and enlarged (E2) views showing repaired damage. F. Incomplete ventral valve of spiriferide Celsifornix carteri Baliński and Sun, 2010a, PKUM02−0410, in external (F1) and internal (F2) views showing broken off and repaired the lateral part of the right flank. G. Ventral valve of spiriferide Eochoristites neipentaiensis Chu, 1933, PKUM02−0411, in oblique lateral view showing repaired damage of the right lateral extremity. H. Dorsal valve of spiriferide Eochoristites neipentaiensis, PKUM02−0412, in external (H1) and internal (H2) views with scalloped anterolateral margin of the left flank showing full repair of the damage. Samples MH1 (A–D, F), MH2 (G, H), and GB (E). Scale bars 2 mm.

Fig. 29. Strophopleurid brachiopod Celsifornix carteri Baliński and Sun, 2010a from the Tornaisian Muhua Formation, southern China. A. Complete dorsal valve, PKUM02−0542, in exterior (A1), interior (A2), posterior (A3), and anterior (A4) views.B. Complete dorsal valve, PKUM02−0543, in exterior (B1), lateral (B2), posterior (B3), and anterior (B4) views. C. Incomplete dorsal valve, PKUM02−0544, showing exterior (C1), interior (C2), enlarged right half of the valve (C3), and enlargement of surface ornamentation (C4); note distinct growth lamellae on C3 showing development of the cardinal extremities during ontogeny. D. Incomplete ventral valve, PKUM02−0545, in exterior (D1) and posterior (D2) views. E. Incomplete dorsal valve, PKUM02−0546, in exterior (E1), lateral (E2), and posterior (E3) views. F. Interior of a damaged ventral valve, PKUM02−0547, showing partially closed delthyrium by the umbonal callosity and dental adminicula. G. Interior of a complete ventral valve, PKUM02−00382 (G1) and enlargement showing open delthyrium and dental adminicula (G2); specimen illustrated by Baliński and Sun 2010a: pl. 1: 24–26, new photographs. H. Enlargement of the posterior region of the holotype PKUM02−0381 (figured by Baliński and Sun 2010a: pl. 1: 22–23; new photograph), viewed internally, showing cardinalia. All from sample MH1. Scale bars 5 mm.