Xanthocotelles, TORO & CABEZAS, 1978

Ferrari, Rafael R & Packer, Laurence, 2021, Morphological phylogeny and review of the generic classification of Colletinae (Hymenoptera: Colletidae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193 (1), pp. 199-216 : 211-212

XANTHOCOTELLES TORO & CABEZAS, 1978

( FIGS 1E, 1F )

Type species: Xanthocotelles adesmiae Toro & Cabezas, 1978 .

Diagnosis: Females of Xanthocotelles are unique among Colletinae in having S6 broader than long (this study; Supporting Information, Fig. S10A) [S6 longer than broad (Supporting Information, Fig. S10B–F) in the females of Colletes , Hemicotelles and Mourecotelles ]. Males of Xanthocotelles can be diagnosed through the combination of horizontal surface of T1 much shorter than T2 (modified from: Michener, 1989; see also Supporting Information, Fig. S12C) and T6 marginal zone covered with pale tomentum (this study) [T1 subequal in length to T 2 in females of Colletes (Supporting Information, Fig. S12D) and T6 marginal zone without tomentum in females of both Hemicotelles and Mourecotelles ]. Xanthocotelles can be further differentiated from Colletes and Hemicotelles by metapostnotum without transverse carina in both sexes (modified from: Michener, 1989; see also Fig. 4C ) [metapostnotum with transverse carina ( Fig. 4D, E ) in Colletes and Hemicotelles ] and from Mourecotelles by having pale-yellow to dark-orange hind tibia and basitarsus in both sexes (modified from: Toro & Cabezas, 1978; see also Fig. 1E, F ) [hind tibia and basitarsus dark-brown to black ( Fig. 1C, D ) in Mourecotelles ].

KEY TO THE GENERA OF COLLETINAE 1. Subhorizontal and vertical surfaces of metapostnotum separated from each other by a transverse carina that may be complete ( Fig. 4E ) or interrupted medially ( Fig. 4D ) (modified from: Michener, 1989). Female: mandible with apical and preapical teeth forming an obtuse angle (modified from: Toro & Cabezas, 1977; see also Supporting Information, Fig. S6E ). Male: mandible with apical tooth distinctly longer than preapical one (this study; Supporting Information, Fig. S15A) ......................................................................2

–. Subhorizontal and vertical surfaces of metapostnotum not separated from each other by a carina, the two surfaces united in a smooth curve (modified from: Michener, 1989; see also Fig. 4C ). Female: mandible with apical and preapical teeth forming a right angle (modified from: Toro & Cabezas, 1977; see also Supporting Information, Fig. S6F ). Male: mandible with apical tooth only slightly longer than preapical one (this study; Supporting Information, Fig. S15B) ...................................................................................................... 3

2. Subhorizontal surface of metapostnotum with longitudinal carinae or sinuous striae (modified from: Michener, 1989; see also Fig. 4E ); forewing with second recurrent (2m-cu) vein sigmoidal ( Fig. 3D ) or, at least, with posterior part arcuate outwardly ( Fig. 3C ) (modified from: Toro & Cabezas, 1977). Female: T 6 without posteromedial longitudinal ridge (this study; Supporting Information, Fig. S9A). Male: T 1 subequal in length to T 2 (modified from: Michener, 1989; see also Supporting Information, Fig. S12D) ................................................................................................................................................................. Colletes

–. Subhorizontal surface of metapostnotum with neither longitudinal carinae nor low striae (modified from: Michener, 1989; see also Fig. 4D ); forewing with second recurrent (2m-cu) vein straight (modified from: Toro & Cabezas, 1977; see also Fig. 3B ). Female: T 6 with a posteromedial longitudinal ridge (this study; Supporting Information, Fig. S11B). Male: T 1 much shorter than T 2 (modified from: Michener, 1989; see also Supporting Information, Fig. S12C)....................................................................................... Hemicotelles

3. Hind tibia and basitarsus dark-brown to black (modified from: Toro & Cabezas, 1978; see also Fig. 1C, D ). Female: mandible with preapical tooth broadly truncate (this study; Supporting Information, Fig. S6D ); hind tarsal claws with subapical teeth (modified from: Toro & Cabezas, 1978; see also Supporting Information, Fig. S16J). Male: T 6 marginal zone not covered with tomentum (this study)..... Mourecotelles

–. Hind tibia and basitarsus pale-yellow to dark-orange (modified from: Toro & Cabezas, 1978; see also Fig. 1E, F ). Female: mandible with preapical tooth narrowly rounded (this study; Supporting Information, Fig. S6C ); hind tarsal claws without subapical teeth (modified from: Toro & Cabezas, 1978; see also Supporting Information, Fig. S16I). Male: T 6 marginal zone covered with pale tomentum (this study) ................................................................................................................................................... Xanthocotelles

Additional species: Xanthocotelles aisen Toro & Cabezas, 1978 , X. andinus ( Ruiz, 1938) , X. atacama Toro & Cabezas, 1978 , X. basitarsalis Toro & Cabezas, 1978 , X. fritzi Toro & Cabezas, 1978 , X. incahuasi Toro & Cabezas, 1978 , X. plantaris (Vachal, 1909) , X. sicheli (Vachal, 1909) , X. subandinus Toro & Cabezas, 1978 and X. tarsalis Toro & Cabezas, 1978 .

Comments: Xanthocotelles is endemic to Chile and Argentina ( Toro & Cabezas, 1977, 1978; Michener, 1989, 2007; Moure & Urban, 2002; Moure et al., 2007; Ascher & Pickering, 2020). Even though X. plantaris was not included in our phylogenetic analyses, Toro & Cabezas’ (1978:143) drawings of the male terminalia show that the species is undoubtedly a Xanthocotelles .

Figures

Figure 1. Lateral habitus of some Colletinae showing some of their diversity. A–P, females, Hemicotelles magallanes (A), H. ruizii (B), Mourecotelles mixtus (C), Mourecotelles sp.1 (D), Xanthocotelles atacama (E), X. fritzi (F), Colletes cyanescens (G), C. cyaniventris (H), C. fulvipes (I), C. halophilus (J), C. nigritulus (K), C. petropolitanus (L), C. rugicollis (M), C. slevini (N), C. solidaginis (O) and C. zuluensis (P). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 3. Diagnostic features of Colletinae. Numbers shown in red indicate derived character states. A–D, lateral view of male forewing, Hexantheda entrerriana (A), Hemicotelles ruizii (B), C. albomaculatus (C) and C. rufipes (D); E, F, dorsal view of female metasomal apex, C. gilvus (E) and Bicolletes rufiventris (F). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 4. Diagnostic features of Colletinae. Numbers shown in red indicate derived character states. A, B, Lateral view of male propodeum, Trichocolletes dowerinensis (A) and Colletes gilvus (B); C–E, posterior view of male metapostnotum, Xanthocotelles atacama (C), Hemicotelles magallanes (D) and C. atripes (E); F, ventral view of male S7 of Mourecotelles sp.1. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Figure 6. Most-parsimonious tree (part two) from the EW analysis showing character state changes. Black rectangles represent unique changes and white rectangles represent homoplastic ones. Character numbers are indicated above branches and the corresponding state changes below the branches. Asterisks indicate type species of the genus. The position of Colletes clypeonitens is doubtful (see text). The Colletinae shown are (from top to bottom) Hemicotelles ruizii, C. cyanescens, C. nigritulus and C. slevini.