Condyloderes shirleyi, Neuhaus & Zotto & Yamasaki & Higgins, 2019

Neuhaus, Birger, Zotto, Matteo Dal, Yamasaki, Hiroshi & Higgins, Robert P., 2019, Revision of Condyloderes (Kinorhyncha, Cyclorhagida) including description of Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov., Zootaxa 4561 (1), pp. 1-91 : 63

Description of Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov. Neuhaus & Higgins

( Figs 33–44 ; Tables 1, 5–7) http://zoobank.org/ urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:0A136401-7882-45BA-A92C-9D1FA76E08EA

Condyloderes sp.—Neuhaus 2013: pp. 232, 239, 267, figs 5.1.14, 5.1.15.—Neuhaus 2017: p. 146.

Diagnosis. Neck placids with condyles in two rows in narrower placids and three rows in broader placids; each narrower placid with one apical and two basal condyles except paraventral placid next to midventral placid revealing in majority of specimens one apical and one basal condyle; each broader placid usually with two apical condyles, two condyles in intermediate row, and four basal condyles; midventral placid always with three apical condyles and usually two in intermediate row and four in basal row; acicular spine middorsally on segments 1–9 (and on segment 10 in male only), midterminally on segment 11, lateroventrally on segments 1–9, and laterodorsally on segment 10 (in male only); cuspidate spine ventrolaterally on segments 2, 5, 7 and 9, lateral accessorily on segments 2, 4, 6 and 8, and middorsally on segments 5 and 7; type-5 (?) sensory spot ventromedially on segment 11; type-6 sensory spot ventromedially on segments 1 (slightly more paraventrally) and 29, lateroventrally on segment 10, sublaterally on segments 1–3, 5-7 and 9, midlaterally on segments 1 and 2, laterodorsally on segments 1–9, subdorsally on segment 10, and paradorsally on segments 1 (almost subdorsally), 2 and 4–9; gland cell outlet ventromedially on segment 10 in male only; ventromedial appendage on segments 6–8 and area of micropapillae ventromedially on segment 9 in female only.

Material examined. Holotypic male (USNM 1480999), 44 paratypic males (USNM 1480980-1480998, 1481000-1481019; ZMB 11598-11602), 27 paratypic females (USNM 1481020-1481029, 1481031-1481042; ZMB 11603-11607), and one paratypic female exuvia (USNM 1481030), mounted for light microscope study; 6 males and 5 females, mounted for examination with the SEM (USNM 1481164, 1481166-1481172). All specimens originate from the same sample in Alaska ( Fig. 1 ; Table 1).

Deposition of material. The holotype and 62 paratypes are deposited at the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington D.C., catalogued under the numbers USNM 1480999 (holotype) and USNM 1480980-1480998, 1481000-1481042 ( Table 1). Also, all specimens mounted for SEM investigation are kept at the Smithsonian Institution (USNM 1481164, 1481166-1481172). Ten additional paratypes are located in the “worm” collection of the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin and catalogued in the “Generalkatalog freilebende Würmer” under the numbers ZMB 11598-11607 ( Table 1).

Type locality. North Pacific Ocean, Alaska, Glacier Bay, Berg Bay , North Element , 58°32’48’’ N, 136°09’00’’ W .

Etymology. The species is named in honour of Prof. Dr Thomas Shirley, who supported sampling in Alaska.

Figures

FIGURE 1. Map of locations of all known species of Condyloderes identified to species level; see Table 1 for location data. Filled symbols indicate specimens studied in this article, open symbols refer to specimens not investigated here.

FIGURE 33. Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov. A, B. Habitus of holotypic male (USNM 1480999). Placids not illustrated because of dirt particles hiding details. A. Ventral view. Sternal and tergal plate slightly separated on left side during mounting but still covered by interplate cuticle. Pachycyclus and cuticular hairs on surface indicated on segment 3. B. Dorsal view. Pores shown in segments 2 and 5. C. Segments 6–11 of paratypic female (USNM 1481025), ventral view. Variation of cuspidate spine of segment 7 in lateral accessory instead of ventrolateral position. Pores and cuticular hairs indicated on segment 9. Cuspidate spines highlighted by grey colour. Scale bar 100 µm, valid for A–C. Abbreviations: ac, acicular spine; amp, female-specific area of micropapillae; ap, female-specific appendage; cu, cuspidate spine; ff, free flap; gc, gland cell outlet of male; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; md7, middorsal spines of segment 7; mts, midterminal spine; ne, protonephridial openings; ssp3, type-3 sensory spot.

FIGURE 34. Diagram of mouth cone, introvert, and placids of adult Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov. with indication of inner and outer oral styles as well as scalid and placid distribution. Placids symbolized by bold, bent bars around the introvert diagram. Abbreviation: is, introvert sector.

FIGURE 35. Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov., holotypic male (USNM 1480999) in ventral (A, D–G) and dorsal view (B, C), DIC. A. Habitus, mouth cone and introvert withdrawn. B. Segments 6–8; notice middorsal cuspidate spines. C. Placids. D. Segments 1–3; arrows point to reduced free flap. E. Segments 4–6. F. Segments 7 and 8. G Segments 9–11; extended focus image of five images. Arrowheads in B and D–G mark type-6 sensory spots. Scale bar in A 200 µm. Scale bar in F 50 µm, valid for B–G. Abbreviations: bpl, broader placid; cu, cuspidate spine; gc, gland cell outlet of male; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv5, lateroventral spine of segment 5; md6, middorsal spine of segment 6; npl, narrower placid; pl, placid; s1, segment 1; ssp3, type-3 sensory spot; tr, trichoscalid.

FIGURE 36. Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov., paratypic females (ZMB 11603, A; USNM 1481022, B, C, E, F; USNM 1481040, D) and paratypic male (USNM 1480983, G) from right (A–F) and dorsal side (G), DIC. A–G. Segments 1 and 2 (A), 3 and 4 (B), 5 and 6 (C), 2–5 (D), 7 and 8 (E), 10 and 11 (F, G). White arrows mark reduced free flap (A). Black arrows indicate modified attachment sites of tergal plates for lateral accessory cuspidate spines (A, D), spine lost in A. Arrowheads in A–G mark type-6 sensory spots. Black arrowhead in A points to type-6 sensory spot located centrally on segment instead of posteriorly. Scale bar in G 50 µm, valid for A–G. Abbreviations: amp, female-specific area of micropapillae; ap, femalespecific appendage; cu, cuspidate spine; ld10, laterodorsal spine of segment 10; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv3, lateroventral spine of segment 3; md1, middorsal spine of segment 1; mts, midterminal spine; ne, protonephridial openings; pa, pachycyclus; ssp3, type-3 sensory spot; st, sternal plate; tp, tergal plate.

FIGURE 37. Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov., paratypic females (ZMB 11606, A, C, D; USNM 1481025, B, F) and paratypic males (USNM 1480986, E; 1481000, G, H; 1481012, I; 1481003, J, K) in ventral (A–E, G–J) and dorsal view (F, K), DIC. A. Habitus, introvert and mouth cone protruded. B–E. Mouth cone; notice tapering tips of outer oral styles (C, D, arrows) and mouth cone weir (E). F–H, J, K. Variation of placids; notice broad instead of narrow middorsal placid (F), midventral placid fused with neighbouring right placid (G, H, same specimen at different focal levels), midventral placid neighboured by three instead of two narrow placids on right side (J), and middorsal placid neighboured by two narrow placids instead of a broad placid (K, arrowheads point to additional condyles). I. Trichoscalid plates and filamentous appendages. Notice association of a trichoscalid with a placid except for narrow placids neighbouring midventral placid (G–K). Scale bar in A 200 µm. Scale bar in D 50 µm, valid for B–E. Scale bar in G 50 µm, valid for F–K. Abbreviations: bpl, broader placid; fa, filamentous appendage; in, introvert; ios, inner oral style; ip, interstitial placid; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; mc, mouth cone; mdpl, middorsal placid; mts, midterminal spine; mvpl, midventral placid; npl, narrower placid; oos, outer oral style; tr, trichoscalid or its basal plate; we, mouth cone weir.

FIGURE 38. Condyloderes shirleyi sp. nov., paratypic females (ZMB 11604, A, B, H; ZMB 11607, C, E; USNM 1481038, D; 1481026, F; 1481032, G) in ventral view, DIC. A, B. Segments 6–8, same specimen, showing surface (A) and pores through trunk cuticle (B) of female-specific appendages. C. Segments 7–9 of recently moulted specimen with thickened cuticular structures anterior to free flap (arrows). D. Segment 6, appendage on right sternal plate only. E. Lateral terminal accessory spine with two thin areas (arrows). F, G. Segments 9–11, different extension of area of micropapillae; black arrowhead points to unusual type-6 sensory spot (F), arrows mark paraventral folds (G). H. Segment 11, sclerotization of gonopores. Arrowheads in A–D, F, and G mark type-6 sensory spots. Scale bar in F 50 µm, valid for A–F. Scale bar in G 50 µm, valid for G and H. Abbreviations: amp, female-specific area of micropapillae; ap, female-specific appendage; cu, cuspidate spine; gp, gonopore; ltas, lateral terminal accessory spine; lv8, lateroventral spine of segment 3; s6, segment 6; ssp3, type-3 sensory spot; st, sternal plate; tp, tergal plate.