Homalopoda, Howard, 1894

Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11), pp. 1-921 : 54-55

Key to Costa Rican species of Homalopoda

(Females)

1. Fore wing ( Figs 74, 83, 93, 98) with a pair of distinct, but sometimes faint, paler subapical spots; hyaline area at apex of venation with a virtually straight lower margin, never extended proximally towards opposite hyaline area .................................. 2

- Fore wing ( Fig 103, 111, 1 15, 119, 126, 134), without a pair of paler subapical spots, sometimes whole apex slightly paler; hyaline area at apex of venation with lower margin sometimes distinctly extended proximally towards opposite hyaline area ( Figs 119, 126,134) ...............................................................................................5

2 (1) Middle of fore wing below marginal vein sometimes paler but never with a well-defined hyaline spot ( Fig. 74, 83) ..................................................................................... 3

- Middle of fore wing area below marginal vein with a well-defined hyaline spot ( Fig. 93, 98) ........................................................................................................................ 4

3 (2) Apex of scutellum with one pair of bristle-like setae ( Fig. 72); second valvifer without subapical setae; linea calva not interrupted ( Fig. 75) ...... onothrix sp.nov. (p. 55)

- Apex of scutellum with two pairs of scale-like setae arranged in a line ( Fig. 79); second valvifer with at least 3 subapical setae; linea calva interrupted by at least 3 setae ( Fig. 83) .............................................................................. aesira sp.nov. (p. 57)

4 (2) Antenna ( Fig. 90) with all funicle segments at least about 1.5X as long as broad, flagellum clearly more than 0.9X as long as head width; apex of scutellum with 2 pairs of bristle-like setae ( Fig. 91), outer pair slightly anterior to inner pair (occasionally inner pair very slightly flattened and scale-like, but outer pair always bristle-like); fore wing ( Fig. 93) with subapical hyaline spots separated by much less than length of marginal vein, usually less than half length ............................................ ......................................................................................... cristata Howard (p. 60)

- Antenna ( Fig. 96) with relatively shorter funicle segments so that F2 is subquadrate, flagellum less than 0.8X as long as head width; apex of scutellum with two pairs of scale-like setae in a line; fore wing ( Fig. 98) with subapical hyaline spots separated by about length of marginal vein ...................... rehdera sp.nov. (p. 61)

5 (1) Antenna ( Fig. 101) with F1-F3 transverse, F4 slightly longer than broad ........................ ............................................................................................. aibeus sp.nov. (p. 63)

- Antenna ( Figs. 108, 113, 122, 127, 133) with all funicle segments longer than broad ..... 6

6 (5) Opposite hyaline spots distad of venation separated by more than their own greatest diameter ( Figs 111, 115) ...................................................................................... 7

- Opposite hyaline spots distad of venation separated by much less than their own greatest diameter, sometimes more or less touching ( Figs 119, 126, 134) ........................ 8

7 (6) Apex of scutellum with a single pair of bristle-like setae; hind tibia with an abrupt subbasal constriction; mandible ( Fig. 107) with one tooth and a broad truncation; middle of fore wing ( Fig. 111) below marginal vein with a well-defined hyaline spot ..................................................................................... beatriz sp.nov. (p. 65)

- Apex of scutellum with two pairs of scale-like setae arranged in a line ( Fig. 118); hind tibia not abruptly constricted subbasally; mandible 4-dentate ( Fig. 117); middle of fore wing ( Fig. 115) below marginal vein sometimes paler but never a well-defined hyaline spot ........................................................... carpha sp.nov. (p. 67)

8 (6) Scape pale orange ( Fig. 122); fore and mid legs generally pale orange, mid tibia with a narrow incomplete subbasal brown band; fore wing ( Fig. 119) evenly infuscate distad of subapical pair of hyaline spots ............................ baunos sp.nov. (p. 69)

- Scape dark brown ( Figs 127, 133); fore and mid legs generally brown to dark brown, mid tibia dark brown in proximal half; fore wing ( Figs 126, 134) with apical area conspicuously paler than area immediately distad of subapical pair of hyaline spots ..................................................................................................................... 9

9 (8) Frontovertex less than one-quarter head width; paler apical area of fore wing less than 0.3X as deep as width of wing ( Fig. 126) .............................. opsis sp.nov. (p.70)

- Frontovertex ( Fig. 130) more than one-quarter head width; pale apical area of fore wing at least 0.4X as deep as width of wing ( Fig. 134) ............. donatos sp.nov. (p. 72)