Cheiloneurus goldus, Noyes, 2023

Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11), pp. 1-921 : 331-333

Cheiloneurus goldus sp.nov.

( Figs 824-827; Hab. E 120)

DIAGNOSIS. Female (length about 1.5-2.3mm): body mostly from orange-brown to dark brown with orange scutellum, darker areas with a weak to moderate sheen; antenna ( Fig. 827) with scape mostly white with dorsal and ventral margins largely brown; pedicel dark brown; funicle dark brown with F2-F4 partially or completely white; clava dark brown; mesoscutum with silvery setae in posterior half; fore and hind coxae white, mid coxa dark brown; legs otherwise white to pale orange, with extensive dark brown areas, hind femur and tibia dark brown; fore wing ( Fig. 825) mostly infuscate with an extensive V-shaped hyaline area in basal cell, a small hyaline area at apex of venation and another opposite; head ( Fig. 826) about 5.9-7.0X as wide as frontovertex, in facial view slightly longer than broad, suboval, genae converging, virtually straight but strongly curved inwards near mouth; frontovertex naked medially between anterior ocellus and scrobes; eye separated from scrobe by about diameter of anterior ocellus, area between eye and scrobe completely smooth and shiny; scrobes deep, sharply margined; interantennal prominence with about 25 moderately conspicuous setae and dorsally rounded; mandible virtually tridentate; antenna ( Fig. 827) with scape about 5.8X as long as broad; F1-F5 longer than broad, F6 transverse; linear sensilla on F1-F6; clava 3-segmented, about as long as F4-F6 combined; sensory area enlarged, extending ventrally about 0.5X length of clava, apex obliquely truncate; head width hardly longer than funicle; mesoscutum with fine polygonally reticulate sculpture, slightly elongate laterally; scutellum with a distinct, apical tuft of setae; wings fully developed, fore wing ( Fig. 825) about 2.8-2.9X as long as broad; parastigma downcurved; costal cell dorsally naked save for one or two apical setae, ventrally with a line of setae that is broadly interrupted above parastigma; area below proximal part of parastigma with a group of about 35 setae; apices of postmarginal and stigmal veins connected by a naked hyaline area that hardly continues into disc ( Fig. 824); apical bristle of postmarginal vein about 0.6X as long as marginal vein; mid tibial spur slightly shorter than basitarsus; propodeum with about eight silvery setae adjacent to spiracle, side naked; syntergum about 1.3X as long as mid tibia with apex angular; ovipositor about 3.8X gonostylus or about 1.3X as long as mid tibia; gonostylus about 1.2X as long mid tibial spur; exserted part of ovipositor about 0.5X as long as mid tibial spur. Male: unknown.

Female (holotype): length, including ovipositor, 1.84mm; excluding ovipositor, 1.76mm ( CPD) .

Head generally orange; occiput pale orange-brown, darker towards foramen; temple and gena with a broad pale brown streak from occipital margin towards base of mandible; ocellar area orange-brown; occipital margin to dorsal part of temple narrowly dark, metallic blue; area between occipital margin and posterior ocelli margined purple, within this brassy; area between ocelli metallic blue and purple; frontovertex in front of ocelli mainly weakly brassy; area between eye and scrobe with a weak, mixed brassy and purple sheen, distinctly coppery and purple laterally; temple metallic blue, more coppery anteriorly and on brown areas; gena weakly coppery and brassy; top of scrobes pale orange, narrowly bordered dark brown laterally; interantennal prominence dorsally orange-brown with a weak green, blue and purple sheen, ventrally pale orange with a weak brassy sheen; frontovertex with inconspicuous pale brown setae along inner eye margins, these continued as a single line of slightly more conspicuous translucent, pale brown, setae below eye; gena and interantennal prominence with numerous, scattered, pale brown setae; maxillary palpus orange-brown, terminal segment dark brown; antenna ( Fig. 827) with radicle orange proximally, apex narrowly dark brown; scape largely white to very pale orange with proximal 0.7X of ventral margin dark brown, dorsal dark brown at extreme apex and base, otherwise orange; pedicel and F1 dark brown, F2 white dorsally, dark brown ventrally, F3-F4 white, F5-F6 and clava dark brown; pronotum orange with weak purple, blue and brassy reflections, posterior margin translucent, neck widely dark brown; propleuron orange, brown in front of coxa; prosternum mainly white, pale orange anteriorly; mesoscutum black with weak brassy reflections, posterior margin dark purple-brown with slight brassy reflections, anterior half with golden brown to dark brown setae, posterior half with similarly spaced, but more conspicuous, translucent, silvery setae; tegula dark brown, apex slightly paler, translucent orange-brown; axilla orange with weak coppery and brassy reflections, with dark brown setae; scutellum orange-brown between axillae and in apical one-third, otherwise orange with weak coppery reflections, anteriorly with translucent pale brown setae, posteriorly with black setae, subapical tuft black; metanotum dark brown; mesopleuron orange-brown, generally with a weak brassy lustre, additionally with weak purple, blue and gold reflections anteriorly and a purple and coppery lustre posteriorly; fore coxa white; proximal half of fore femur more or less white, margined dark brown, more widely so in middle, apex orange, fore tibia and tarsus brown; mid coxa dark brown; mid femur white in proximal half, apex orange mixed dark brown dorsally, tibia with a narrow, subbasal, dusky white band, otherwise dark brown proximally with apical half orange to pale orange, spur and tarsus pale orange; hind coxa white; hind femur dark brown with a pale orange area ventrally towards apex, tibia and basitarsus dark brown, tarsus otherwise pale orange; fore wing ( Fig. 825) mostly infuscate but hyaline towards base, submarginal vein pale orange, otherwise venation brown; propodeum dark brown with a purple sheen medially, green laterally, dark blue and purple on side, a group of about 6 or 7 conspicuous silvery setae anterolateral to spiracle; gaster dark brown, Gt1 dorsally with a coppery sheen, remaining tergites mostly with a weaker coppery, purple and slight brassy sheen, sides of tergites mainly metallic blue-green and green mixed with some copper and purple, remainder of gaster with a brassy, coppery and purple sheen; gonostylus pale orange, proximally brown.

Head ( Fig. 826) about 6.7X as wide as frontovertex, in profile 1.7X as high as deep, anteriorly evenly rounded from occipital margin to top of scrobes then fairly straight towards mouth margin with interantennal prominence slightly protuberant; occipital margin sharp, distinctly carinate; ocelli forming an angle of about 45°; frontovertex quite shiny, completely smooth between occipital margin and posterior ocelli, otherwise with conspicuous, fine, polygonally reticulate sculpture of mesh size a little smaller than diameter of facet, area immediately above scrobes with coarser, more irregular, transversely elongate sculpture; narrowest point between eye and scrobe about equal to diameter of anterior ocellus and completely smooth and mirrorlike; temple with relatively shallow, irregular, elongate, sculpture; gena with slightly deeper more regular, polygonally reticulate sculpture; scrobes deep, very broadly ∩-shaped, meeting, dorsally very smooth, sharply margined dorsally and laterally, carinate laterally; interantennal prominence without median ridge, dorsally completely smooth and broadly rounded, lower parts with relatively shallow, polygonally reticulate sculpture; antenna as in Fig. 827; scape hardly broadened and flattened, about 5.8X as long as broad; F1-F4 clearly longer than broad, F5 slightly longer than broad, F6 transverse, segments larger and broader distad; clava hardly broadened, about as long as F4-F6 combined, sutures oblique, sensory area enlarged, extending ventrally about 0.5X length of clava, apex strongly obliquely truncate; eye reaching occipital margin, clothed in sparse, inconspicuous, setae, each clearly shorter than diameter of facet; inner eye margins clearly diverging in front of anterior ocellus; malar sulcus present, but indistinct; clypeal margin virtually straight medially; mandible with one acute tooth and a broad, slightly concave truncation, virtually tridentate; apical segment of maxillary palpus not enlarged, about 1.6X as long as radicle. Relative measurements: HW 77, HH 81, FV 11.5, POL 5, OOL 0, OCL 11.5, AOL 9, EL 60, EW 44, MS 31.5, SL 46, SW 8.

Thorax with pronotum short, hardly exposed behind head, about 0.6X as long as mesoscutum; pronotum, mesoscutum, axilla and scutellum with polygonally reticulate sculpture that is deeper and coarser than that on frontovertex, sculpture on pronotum perhaps a little shallower than elsewhere on thoracic dorsum and slightly more elongate on sides of mesoscutum; visible part of mesoscutum about 1.9X as broad as long; scutellum about as long as broad, with a distinct subapical tuft, setae about 0.6X as long as scutellum; mid tibia with a weak external carina for about half its length; hind femur about 5.1X as long as broad; fore wing with venation and setation as in Figs 824, 825; costal cell naked dorsally at apex; apices of postmarginal and stigmal veins connected by a naked, hyaline streak ( Fig. 824); propodeum medially about 0.21X as long as scutellum and virtually smooth. Relative measurements: FWL 72, FWW 24.5; HWL 63, HWW 14.5.

Gaster with hypopygium reaching about 0.4X to apex; syntergum about as long as mid tibia, with apex angular; ovipositor slightly exserted, the exserted part about 0.5X length of mid tibial spur or about 0.13X mid tibia.

Paratype. Funicle with linear sensilla present only on F1-F6; gaster without “gland-like” structures on Gt1 or Gt5. Relative measurements: OL 59, GL 15.5 [MT 47].

Variation. Females vary in overall length from 1.48-2.26mm, some specimens may be significantly darker than the holotype with the head largely orange-brown to brown, the axilla and apical one-third of the scutellum orange-brown and the head may vary from about 5.9-7.0X as wide as the frontovertex.

Male. Unknown.

DISTRIBUTION. Costa Rica.

HOSTS. Unknown.

MATERIAL EXAMINED.

Type material. Holotype E: COSTA RICA, Guanacaste, Sta Rosa NP, Hacienda 4-C, 5-26.x.1985 (Janzen, Gauld). Paratypes: COSTA RICA, 19E, Guanacaste, NP, various localities and dates, 28.xii.1985 - 23.i.1988 (Janzen, Gauld); 4E, Guanacaste, NW Volcan Orosi, Cerro El Hacha, 300m, 1988; 1E, Guanacaste, Murcielago ( ACG), MT, 24.i-4.ii.1996 (J. Ugalde); 2E, Guanacaste, Guanacaste NP, Est. Pitilla, 700m, YPT, iii.1990 (J.S. Noyes); 4E, Guanacaste, Pitilla ( ACG), MT/YPT, 24.i-27.ii.1996 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Guanacaste, Est. Maritza ( ACG), LN 326900 373000, 600m, iii.1996 (M. Pereira); 1E, Guanacaste, Est. Pitilla ( ACG), Sector Rio Mena, 11°00’N 85°27’W, 700m, 4-7.i.2001 (C.Moraga, P.N.Thomas);1E, Guanacaste,Murcielago, 3km NNW Cerro Guachipelin, LN 323000 336500, 40m, 28.ii.1996 (M. Araya); 1E, Guanacaste, Las Pallas ( ACG), 10°46’N 85°21’W, 600m, 28.i-2.ii.2001 (C. Moraga, P.N. Thomas); 1E, Guanacaste, 10km NW Cañas, Mojica, rice, 12-26.ix.2011 (P. Hanson); 1E, Guanacaste, Cañas, Rio Chiquito, LN 292000 4417000, 410m, #74625, 25.vii.2003 (J. Azofeifa); 2E, Guanacaste, ZP Nozara, Fila Maravilla, LN 221350 381700, 800m, #66663, 24.xi-21.xii.2001 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Bosque Diría, 10°10’N 85°34’W, 200m, 14-15.ii.2011 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Sector Palo Verde, LN 260952 385020, 50m, #54954, 5-18.i.2000 (I. Jiménez); 3E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Sector Catalina, Fila Catalina , 250m, LN 257400 400000, 8.i-8.ii.2000 and ix.1999 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Sector Catalina, Ojo de Agua, LN 388500 257300, 20m, #62106, 13.iii-9.iv.2001 (I. Jiménez); 4E, Guanacaste, PN Palo Verde, Camino de Alto Viejo, LN 386300 260770, 40m, #61363, 11.i-10.ii.2001 (I. Jiménez); 1E, Alajuela, RF Arenal, PN Volcan Arenal, Sector Colada, LN 269900 456750, 600m, #54371, 1-26.x.1999 (G. Carballo); 1E, Alajuela, PN Arenal, Sendero Pilón, LN 458050 269200, 650m, T. Malaise, #59234, 5.ix-7.x.2000 (G. Carballo); 1E, Alajuela, Chiles de Agua Zarcas, 300m, café, xii.1989 (C. Céspedes); 2E, Alajuela, Agua Zarcas, La Chiles, café, xi.1989 and i.1990 (P. Hanson); 1E, Alajuela, San Cristobal, LN 318056 383200, 600-820m, #51902, 23.ii-25.iii.1996 (F.A. Quezada, D. Briceño); 1E, Heredia, Est. Biol. La Selva, 10°26’N 84°01’W, x.1995 ( OET / INBio); 1E, San José, San Pedro, Tigre Cacao, ii-iv.1990 (P. Hanson); 1E, Cartago, Turrialba, CATIE, 700m, MT/YPT, 14-15.iii.1990 (J.S. Noyes); 2E, Cartago, Turrialba, CATIE, v.1994 and viii,1994 (P. Hanson); 7E, Puntarenas, Res. Priv. Karen Mogensen, 9°52’N 85°03’W, 305m, 14-15.ii.2005, 19-20.ii.2019, 17-18.ii.2011 and 23-24.ii.2013 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Puntarenas, Res. Priv. Karen Mogensen, 9°52’N 85°03’W, 305m, 11-21.ii.2005 (C. Hansson); 1E, Puntarenas, Reserva Absoluta Cabo Blanco, 9°35’N 85°06’W, 30m, 16-17.ii.2009 (J.S. Noyes); 1E, Puntarenas, Manuel Antonio, 26.vii.1986 (L. Masner); 1E, Puntarenas, NP Manuel Antonio, 8-14.xii.1987 (Grenierre & Bertrand); 1E, Puntarenas, Coto Brus, Melizas Sabalito, LS 315500 598500, 1400-1500m, #55162, 28.xii.1995 (P. Navarro); 2E, Puntarenas, RF Golfo Dulce, 5km W Piedras Blancas, 8°46’N 83°17’W, vi-vii.1992 and x.1992 (P. Hanson); 1E, Limón, RB Hitoy Cerere, Est. Hitoy Cerere, Sendero Bobócara, LN 184250 640500, 640m, MT, #52905, 18.v-18.vi.1999 (F. Umaña); 1E, Limón, RB Hitoy Cerere, Est. Hitoy Cerere, Rompe Pechos, LS 400250 571500, 600m, #53324, 6.ix.1999 (F. Umaña); 1E, Limón, RB Hitoy Cerere, Send. Tepezcuintle, LN 199225 395300, 0-100m, #72363, 6-10.ii.2002 (P. Thomas); 1E, Limón, RB Hitoy Cerere, Calle del Silencio, LS 570120 400702, 560m, #58066, 17.vi-17.vii.2000 (F. Umaña). Holotype in MZUCR, paratypes in NHMUK, MZUCR, USNM and CNC.