Psyllaephagus, Ashmead, 1900

Noyes, John Stuart, 2023, ENCYRTIDAE OF COSTA RICA (HYMENOPTERA: CHALCIDOIDEA), 4 Subfamily Encyrtinae: tribes Arrhenophagini, Habrolepidini, Cerapterocerini, Cheiloneurini, Trechnitini, Cercobelini, Polaszekiini, Protyndarichoidini, Gahaniellini and Syrphophagini (part), mainly primary parasitoids and hyperparasitoids of Coccoidea and Psylloidea (Hemiptera), Taxonomic Monographs on Neotropical Hymenoptera (Oxford, England) 2 (11), pp. 1-921 : 579-582

Key to Costa Rican species of Psyllaephagus

(Females and males)

1 Clava 3-segmented (e.g. Figs 1513, 1529, 1539, 1567) EE ........................................... 2 Clava entire (e.g. Figs 1535, 1549, 1566, 1592) GG .................................................. 21

FEMALES

2 (1) Scape mostly, or completely, pale yellow or orange, much paler than pedicel or flagellum .............................................................................................................. 3

- Scape completely or mostly dark brown, sometimes metallic and not paler than pedicel or flagellum .......................................................................................................... 5

3 (2) Fore wing (Fig. 1511) with only a single line of dorsal setae in apical half of costal cell; linea calva open; head about 4X as wide as frontovertex; antenna (Fig. 1510) with F1 at least 2.5X as long as broad and linear sensilla absent from F1-F2; mid femur yellow ............................................................. domitius Noyes & Hanson (p. 582)

- Fore wing (Fig. 1514, 1522) with at least a complete line of dorsal setae on costal cell; linea clava at least partially closed; head at most about 3X as wide as frontovertex; antenna (Fig. 1513, 1521) with F1 less than 2X as long as broad, at most hardly more than 1.5X as long as broad and with linear sensilla on at least F2; mid femur mostly brown ....................................................................................................... 4

4 (3) Antenna (Fig. 1513) with linear sensilla on all funicle segments; scutellum convex and with sculpture that is mostly a little deeper than that on mesoscutum; dorsal surface of costal cell of fore wing (Fig. 1514) with nearly two complete lines of setae; Gt3 without a distinctive strongly reticulate area anteromedially; mandible with two acute teeth and a broad truncation ....... ufens Noyes & Hanson (p. 583)

- Antenna (Fig. 1521) with linear sensilla absent from F1; scutellum flat and with sculpture that is clearly shallower than that on mesoscutum; dorsal surface of costal cell of fore wing (Fig. 1522) with only a single line of submarginal setae; Gt3 without a distinct, strongly reticulate area anteromedially; mandible with two acute lower teeth and a truncate upper tooth .......................................... heles sp.nov. (p. 584)

5 (2) Tegula yellow at base ................................................... othrys Noyes & Hanson (p. 586)

- Tegula completely dark brown ....................................................................................... 6

6 (5) Scutellum very flat (occasionally slightly concave) but rounded at margins, usually with shallower sculpture than mesoscutum and sometimes quite smooth, occasionally with sculpture about as deep as that on mesoscutum ........................................... 7

- Scutellum convex throughout and with sculpture at least as deep as that on mesoscutum, often much deeper ................................................................................................ 8

7 (6) Scape (Fig. 1534) not more than 2.6X as long as broad; funicle dusky pale yellow, contrasting with brown clava; sculpture on mesoscutum as deep as that on scutellum; fore wing (Fig. 1535) at least 2.5X as long as broad ............................ ........................................................................................ alisanos sp.nov. (p. 586)

- Scape (Fig. 1529, 1541) at least 2.8X as long as broad; funicle and clava concolourous (some extralimital specimens may have contrasting funicle and clava, but these have the scape at least 3.3X as long as broad); sculpture on mesoscutum clearly shallower than that on scutellum; fore wing (Fig. 1546) about 2.4X as long as broad ................................................................... trioziphagus (Howard) (p. 588)

8 (6) Hind tibia with brown area reaching more than half-way to apex ..................................9

- Hind tibia mostly yellow or pale orange with brown area not reaching half-way towards apex .................................................................................................................... 13

9 (8) Frontovertex (Figs 1547, 1556) with piliferous punctures each at least about 2.5X diameter of eye facet, mostly separated by much less than their own diameters; posterior ocellus closer to occipital margin than eye margin; funicle (Figs 1554, 1558) with all segments longer than broad (F6 hardly so) and with linear sensilla ............................................................................................................................ 10

- Frontovertex (Figs 1569, 1574) with piliferous punctures hardly wider than diameter of eye facet, separated by more than their own diameters; posterior ocellus closer to eye than to occipital margin; funicle (Figs 1569, 1572) with at least some segments quadrate or transverse, at least F1 without linear sensilla ................................. 11

10 (9) Antennal clava (Fig. 1554) with apical segment much shorter than middle segment, almost giving it a 2-segmented appearance; mouth opening slightly narrower (Fig. 1547), about 0.35X head width; fore wing (Fig. 1551) with only a single line of dorsal setae on costal cell; ovipositor not longer than mid tibia and hidden .......... ........................................................................... creusa Noyes & Hanson (p. 589)

- Antennal clava (Fig. 1558) with apical segment about as long as middle segment, clearly 3-segmented; mouth opening slightly broader, about 0.4X head width; fore wing (Fig. 1557) with a complete line of dorsal setae on costal cell plus at least a partial second line of setae in proximal half; ovipositor nearly twice as long as mid tibia and slightly exserted, the exserted part about half as long as mid tibial spur ......... ...................................................................................... kallichoa sp.nov. (p. 590)

11 (9) Funicle (Fig. 1563) with at least F1-F3 clearly longer than broad, linear sensilla on at least F2-F6; mouth nearly half as wide as head; clypeal margin slightly convex and protuberant; ovipositor slightly exserted, the exserted part about one-third as long as mid tibial spur; linea calva (Fig. 1559) completely open ........................... ............................................................................. epulo Noyes & Hanson (p. 592)

- Funicle (Figs 1567, 1572) with all funicle segments quadrate or transverse, linear sensilla absent from F2; mouth (Figs 1569, 1574) less than one third as wide as head; clypeal margin straight, not protuberant; ovipositor hidden; linea calva (Figs 1564, 1573) partially closed by a line of setae dorsally ..................................... 12

12 (11) Fore wing (Fig. 1564) with costal cell densely setose, dorsally with more than two complete lines of setae; legs completely dark brown and weakly metallic; mesoscutum and scutellum with similar sculpture ............ pilosus Noyes (p. 593)

- Fore wing (Fig. 1573) with only a partial line of setae dorsally on costal cell; legs with at least tibiae partially pale orange; scutellum with longitudinally elongate striate-reticulate sculpture that contrasts strongly with the shallower more evenly rounded, polygonally reticulate sculpture on mesoscutum ..................................... ........................................................................................... yaseeni Noyes (p. 594)

13 (8) Scape (Figs 1579, 1583, 1587, 1593) more than 4X as long as broad ......................... 14

- Scape (Figs 1599, 1603, 1609, 1613, 1624) less than 4X as long as broad ..................17

14 (13) Posterior ocellus closer to occipital margin than to eye; fore wing (Fig. 1580) with marginal vein at least 2X as long as broad .......................... xepo sp.nov. (p. 596)

- Posterior ocellus not closer to occipital margin then to eye; fore wing (Figs 1584, 1594) with marginal vein more or less punctiform, not more than 1.5X as long as broad ........................................................................................................................... 15

15 (14) Ocelli forming a strongly obtuse angle; scape shorter than minimum width of frontovertex ........................................................ thonis Noyes & Hanson (p. 598)

- Ocelli forming an angle of about 90°; scape at least as long as minimum width of frontovertex ........................................................................................................ 16

16 (15) Mesoscutum rather dull metallic green and not more shiny than scutellum; sculpture of scutellum (Fig. 1588) rather finely reticulate, cells not arranged in whorls or longitudinal lines .............................................. alexion Noyes & Hanson (p. 599)

- Mesoscutum bright metallic green, conspicuously more shiny than scutellum; sculpture of scutellum (Fig. 1598) coarsely reticulate, cells appearing to be arranged in lines or indistinct whorls ............................................ rotundiformis (Howard) (p. 600)

17 (13) Hind tibia completely pale orange ................................................ korus sp.nov. (p. 601)

- Hind tibia with at least narrow, subbasal brown ring ................................................... 18

18 (17) Mesoscutum relatively bright, metallic dark blue or green and contrasting with the relatively dull scutellum which is slightly coppery towards base and dull blue or green apically; Gt3 with a distinct, strongly reticulate area anteromedially ...... 19

- Mesoscutum and scutellum similar, both relatively dull, dark blue or blue-green; scutellum coppery towards base; Gt3 without a distinct, strongly reticulate area anteromedially ................................................................................................... 20

19 (18) Pedicel (Fig. 1603) not longer than F1, F1 as long as F2, all funicle segments longer than broad; costal cell (Fig. 1604) with only one line of setae dorsally; clypeal margin (Fig. 1607) clearly convex and protuberant ............................................................ ............................................................................. tyche Noyes & Hanson (p. 603)

- Pedicel (Fig. 1609) longer than F1, F1 smaller than F2, at least one funicle segment quadrate or transverse; costal cell (Fig. 1612) of fore wing with a partial second line of setae dorsally that extends at least about half length of costal cell; clypeal margin straight or very weakly convex, not protuberant or hardly so .................... ........................................................................................... moros sp.nov. (p. 603)

20 (18) Clypeal margin (Fig. 1614) straight; head about 3X as wide as mouth opening; diameter of piliferous punctures on frontovertex about 1.5X diameter of eye facet; mandible with one tooth and broad truncation; ovipositor with about 16-18 subapical setae on second valvifer ............................................................. phelys sp.nov. (p. 605)

- Clypeal margin (Fig. 1623) clearly convex, slightly protuberant; head about 2.6X as wide as mouth opening; diameter of piliferous punctures on frontovertex about 2X diameter of eye facet; mandible with two teeth and a truncation, upper tooth short; ovipositor with about 9 or 10 subapical setae on second valvifer .......................... ............................................................................. gyces Noyes & Hanson (p. 607)

MALES

21 (1) Tegula yellow at base ................................................... othrys Noyes & Hanson (p. 586)

- Tegula competely dark brown ...................................................................................... 22

22 (21) Frontovertex with deep, conspicuous, piliferous punctures which are separated by less than their own diameters and extend downwards between antennal scrobe and eye (similar to Fig. 1547); posterior ocellus much closer to occipital margin than eye ........................................................................... creusa Noyes & Hanson (p. 589)

- Frontovertex without conspicuous piliferous punctures, if present small and separated by much more than their own diameters and hardly extending below anterior ocellus; posterior ocellus about equidistant from occipital margin and eye ................... 23

23 (22) Funicle (Figs 1517, 1545, 1562) with F1 at least 2X as long as broad ........................ 24

- Funicle (Figs 1566, 1571, 1592) with F1 relatively short and broad, less than 1.5X as long as broad ...................................................................................................... 26

24 (23) Sculpture of scutellum relatively shallow, sometimes almost smooth and never deeper than that on mesoscutum; smaller species: <1.2mm ............................................... ............................................................................. trioziphagus (Howard) (p. 588)

- Sculpture of scutellum at least slightly deeper than that on mesoscutum; larger species:> 1.5mm .............................................................................................................. 25

25 (24) Scape largely yellow (Fig. 1517) and clearly paler than flagellum; legs except hind femur and coxae mostly yellow; frontovertex slightly less than half head width ............. ............................................................................. ufens Noyes & Hanson (p. 583)

- Scape dark brown (Fig. 1562), concolourous with flagellum; legs almost entirely dark brown, with some paler areas, especially on apices of tibiae and tarsi; frontovertex slightly more than half head width ...................... epulo Noyes & Hanson (p.592)

26 (23) Fore wing with costal cell densely setose, dorsally with a complete line of submarginal setae and at least two more lines in distal half; legs more or less completely dark brown; mesoscutum dull, dark blue-green hardly contrasting with dull coppery scutellum, both with similar sculpture .............................. pilosus Noyes (p. 593)

- Fore wing with at most one line of setae dorsally on costal cell; legs with at least mid and hind tibiae marked pale yellow; mesoscutum bright metallic green, contrasting strongly with coppery scutellum, sculpture on mesoscutum shallower than on scutellum ............................................................................................................ 27

27 (25) Antenna (Fig. 1592) with F6 at least 1.35X as long as broad; basal cell of fore wing with at least 50 setae dorsally .................................... rotundiformis (Howard) (p. 600)

- Antenna (Fig. 1571) with F6 not more than 1.25X as long as broad; basal cell of fore wing with not more than 40 setae dorsally ....................... yaseen i Noyes (p. 594)