Ceropales (Ceropales) pallida Ødegaard, Abenius & Paukkunen, 2022

Ødegaard, Frode, Abenius, Johan & Paukkunen, Juho, 2022, Ceropales pallida sp. nov. (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae, Ceropalinae) described from northern Europe, Zootaxa 5159 (1), pp. 103-116 : 104-113

Ceropales (Ceropales) pallida Ødegaard, Abenius & Paukkunen sp. nov.

( Figs 1–5 )

Type material. Holotype ♂: Norway, TEY, Skien municipality, Nenset [E 9.62571° – N 59.17178°], 25. VII. 2010, Barcode ID: NOPOM068 , NTNU209549 , leg. Frode Ødegaard ( Fig. 1A ).

Paratypes: (90 males; 83 females): Norway, Ø, Fredrikstad municipality, Øra [E 10.96953° – N 59.22412°], 1 ♀, 22. VIII. 2007, Barcode ID: HYMNI538 , NTNU209554 , leg. Frode Ødegaard ; Ø, Halden municipality, Orød [E 11.43537 ° – N 59.11557 °], 1 ♂, 27. VI. 2009, NTNU209548 , leg. Frode Ødegaard ; Ø, Eidsberg municipality, Monaryggen [11.29250°–N 59.57247°], 1 ♂, MT 4.–24. VII. 2016, NTNU209547 , leg. Frode Ødegaard ; Ø, Sarpsborg municipality, Oppstad [E 11.04266° – N 59.29343°], 1 ♂, 5. VIII. 2012, NTNU209538 , leg. Frode Ødegaard ; Ø, Aremark municipality, Kutjernmosen [E 11.69472° – N 59.33641°], 1 ♂ NTNU209545 , and 1 ♀, NTNU209553 , MT 4.–24. VII. 2016, leg. Frode Ødegaard ; Ø, Aremark municipality, Fossby [E 11.69669° – N 59.22135°], 1 ♂, 9. VIII. 2015, NTNU209544 , leg. Frode Ødegaard ; BØ, Hole municipality, Søhol [E 10.21017° – N 60.07547°], 1 ♂, 24. VII. 2010, Barcode ID: NOPOM070 , NTNU209535 , leg. Frode Ødegaard ; BØ, Øvre Eiker municipality, Hokksund, Nordre Haga [E 9.93973° – N 59.77582°], 1 ♂, NTNU209543 , MT 5.–23. VII. 2016 ; 1 ♀, NTNU209552 , MT 23. VII.–15. VIII. 2016, leg. Frode Ødegaard ; BØ, Kongsberg municipality, Laugerudmoen [E 9.66144° – N 59.63728°], 1 ♂ MT 11. VI.–12. VII. 2012, NTNU209536 ; [E 9.66692° – N 59.62675°], 1 ♂ MT 5. VII.–8. VIII. 2014, NTNU209542 , leg. Frode Ødegaard ; BV, Nes municipality, Kvarteig [E 9.14454° – N 60.55614°], 1 ♂, MT 23. VI.–21. VII. 2014, NTNU209541 , leg. Frode Ødegaard ; TEI, Seljord municipality, Heggenes [E 8.78332° – N 59.44048°], 1 ♂, 3. VII. 2008, Barcode ID: HYMNI535 , NTNU209540 , leg. Frode Ødegaard ; TEY, Drangedal , Liaråsen [E 9.26901° – N 59.03816°], 2 ♂, MT 23. VI.–19. VII. 2021, NTNU209555 , NTNU209556 , leg. Frode Ødegaard ; HES, Elverum municipality, Starmoen [E 11.69784° – N 60.85158°], 1 ♂, 18. VII. 2007, Barcode ID: HYMNI537 , NTNU209537 ; 1 ♂, 19. VII. 2007, NTNU209539 ; 1 ♀, 19 VII. 2007, Barcode ID: HYMNI541 , NTNU209550 ; 1 ♀, 4. VIII. 2008, NTNU209546 ; leg. Frode Ødegaard ; HES, Eidskog municipality, Skotterud [E 12.15702° – N 59.97415°], 1 ♀, 17. VIII. 2015, NTNU209551 , leg. Frode Ødegaard.

Sweden, Sk, Trelleborg , [E 13.16252° – N 55.37044°], 1 ♀, VII. 1887; 1 ♀, VII. 1888; 1 ♂, VII. 1889, leg. C.F. Möller ; Maglehem , [E 14.15093° – N 55.77069°], 1 ♀, 10–17 VIII. 1930, leg. Daniel Gaunitz ; Hälsingborg , [E 12.70624° – N 56.05592°], 1 ♂, 19 VII. 1939, leg. Oscar Ringdahl ; Barkåkra , [E 12.83391° – N 56.29553°], 1 ♀ and 1 ♂, 31 VII.; 1 ♂, 7 VIII. 1951; Hjärnarp, [E 12.90835° – N 56.32465°], 1 ♂, 22 VII. 1951, leg. Edgar Wieslander ; Bl, Kyrkhult, Slagesnäs , [E 14.52731° – N 56.35835°], 1 ♀, 1 IX. 1919, leg. P.A. Roman ; Ha, Karup , [E 12.94761° – N 56.42593°], 1 ♀, 6VIII. 1902; 1 ♂, 3VIII. 1908; 1 ♂, 29 VIII. 1909, leg. Henning Nordenström ; Fjärås , [E 12.18706° – N 57.44867°], 1 ♀ and 1 ♂, VIII. 1951, leg. Christer Holmquist ; Sm, Nackebo [E 13.89098° – N 57.82571°], 5 ♀ and 4 ♂, 5 VII.–2 VIII. 2021, leg. Thomas Karlsson ; Södra Ljunga , [E 13.97126° – N 56.73995°], 1 ♀, 25–26 VIII. 1930, leg. Daniel Gaunitz ; Vetlanda, Drags udde, [E 15.59402° – N 57.48968°], 1 ♂, Malaise trap 2012, leg. Niklas E. Johansson ; Öl, Rälla , [E 16.55497° – N 56.76448°], 1 ♀, 4 VIII. 1930, leg. Carl Bertil Gaunitz , 1 ♂, 8 VIII. 1932, leg. Daniel Gaunitz ; Borgholm, 1 ♂, 11 VII. 1932; Glömminge , [E 16.54010° – N 56.72370°], 1 ♂, 20 VII. 1932, leg. Gustaf Hedgren , 1 ♂, 23 VII. 1932, leg. Daniel Gaunitz ; Ekerum , [E 16.56020° – N 56.79010°], 1 ♀, 13 VIII. 1930, leg. Carl Bertil Gaunitz , 1 ♀ and 1 ♂, 27 VII. 1932, leg. Daniel Gaunitz , 1 ♀ and 1 ♂, 17–24 VII. 1934, leg. Carl Bertil Gaunitz , 2 ♀, 25 VII. 1952, NHRS-HYME000002578 , NHRS-HYME000002579 , leg. Eric Kjellander ; Gärdslösa, [E 16.73790° – N 56.79399°], 1 ♂, 25 VII. 1932, leg. Daniel Gaunitz ; Halltorp , [E 16.57389° – N 56.80087°], 1 ♀ and 1 ♂, 11 VIII. 1934, leg. Daniel Gaunitz , 1 ♀, NHRS-HYME000002555 and 2 ♂, NHRS-HYME000002554 , 24–30 VII. 1938, leg. Nils Bruce ; Hornsjön , [E 16.95931° – N 57.19578°], 1 ♀, 9–14 VII. 1938, leg. Nils Bruce ; Bredinge , [E 16.42337° – N 56.48082°], 1 ♂, VIII. 1940, leg. Daniel Gaunitz ; Vickleby , [E 16.45930° – N 56.58115°], 1 ♀, 15 VIII. 1945, NHRS-HYME000002577 , leg. Sten Selander ; Mörbylånga , [E 16.39264° – N 56.52334°], 1 ♂, 26 VII. 1952, NHRS-HYME000002580 , leg. Eric Kjellander ; Borge hage [E 16.64238° – N 56.87172°], 1 ♀, 25 VII. 2011, leg. Magnus Stenmark ; Go, Ardre , [E 18.69766° – N 57.37948°], 1 ♂, 10 VIII. 1926; Ljugarn, [E 18.71273° – N 57.33148°], 1 ♂, 16 VIII. 1926, leg. Gustaf Hedgren ; Västerhejde, Sigreifs , [E 18.26533° – N 57.58683°], 1 ♂, 11 VIII. 1931, leg. Carl Bertil Gaunitz ; Visby, Snäckgärdet , [E 18.33171° – N 57.66920°], 1 ♂, 25 VII. 1939, leg. Edgar Wieslander ; Lärbro , [E 18.78963° – N 57.78672°], 1 ♂, 7 VII. 1954, leg. Eric Kjellander ; Visby , 3 ♂, 24 VII. 1956, leg. Olov Lundblad ; Lojsta [E 18.30059° – N 57.31799°], 1 ♂, 18 VII. 2020, leg. Michael Tholin ; Ög , 3 ♂, leg. P.F. Wahlberg [1800–1877] ; Åby , [E 16.17620° – N 58.67024°], 1 ♀, 25 VII., leg. C.J.E. Haglund [1837–1901] ; Ledberg , [E 15.44959° – N 58.44036°], 1 ♀, 13 VIII. 1918, leg. Henning Nordenström ; Motala , [E 15.00935° – N 58.55101°], 2 ♀, 31 VIII. 1938, leg. Sven Gaunitz ; Vg, Skövde , [E 13.85935° – N 58.39174°], 1 ♂, 15 IX. 1928, leg. Carl Bertil Gaunitz ; Stenum , [E 13.51239° – N 58.35367°], 1 ♀, 1 VIII. 1952, NHRS-HYME000002710 , leg. Eric Kjellander ; Bohuslän [Bo], Grebbestad , [E 11.25489° – N 58.69524°], 2 ♀, 18 VIII. 1911, NHRS-HYME000002712 , NHRS-HYME000002713 , leg. P.A. Roman ; Edshultshall , [E 11.46600° – N 58.11046°], 1 ♂, 21 VII. 1944, leg. Stellan Erlandsson ; Sämstad , [E 11.58305° – N 58.42174°], 2 ♀, 21 VII. 1945, NHRS-HYME000002714 , NHRSHYME000002715 , leg. Edgar Wieslander ; Morlanda church [E 11.50910° – N 58.19371°], 1 ♀, 5 VIII. 1946, leg. Stellan Erlandsson ; Nä , Örebro area, [15.22357°–N 59.27357°], 1 ♀, leg. Anton Jansson [1880–1963] ; Degerfors, Sveafallen [E 14.43604° – N 59.22935°], 1 ♀, 30 VIII. 1974 , NHRS – HYME000010982 ; Hidinge, Svartkärr , [E 14.92980° – N 59.24484°], 1 ♀, 9 VIII. 1977 , NHRS – HYME000010983 ; Lerbäck, Kassmyra , [E 15.02668° – N 59.01598°], 1 ♀, 1 IX. 1973, NHRS-HYME000010980 ; Åsbro, [E 15.06478° – N 58.98770°], 1 ♂, 25 VII. 1993, NHRS-HYME000010984 , leg. Gunnar Hallin ; Sö , 1 ♂, leg. C.H. Boheman [1796–1868] ; Rönninge , [E 17.74709° – N 59.19460°], 1 ♀, 25 VII. 1939, leg. Nils Bruce ; Gnesta, Nysätter, [E 17.30908° – N 59.10955°], 1 ♂, 28 VII. 1994; Gnesta , Björkhem , [E 17.20929° – N 59.02355°], 1 ♂, 8 VIII. 2004, leg. Lars Norén ; Stora Vika [E 17.79368° – N 58.94688°], 1 ♂, 8 VIII. 1998 ; Utö, Stenviken [E 18.26170° – N 58.91775°], 1 ♂, 29 VI. 2009, leg. Johan Abenius ; Katrineholm, Djulö [E 16.21822° – N 58.98348°], 1 ♀, 20 VII.–22 VIII. 2018, leg. Thomas Karlsson ; Stockholm, [E 18.07323° – N 59.32136°], 1 ♂, leg. C.H. Boheman [1796–1868] ; Up, Svartsjö , [E 17.72741° – N 59.36338°], 1 ♂, 2 VII.; 1 ♂, 22 VII.; 1 ♂, 13 VIII.; 1 ♀, 17 VIII. 1922, NHRS-HYME000002736 , leg. Gustaf Hedgren ; Håbo-Tibble [E 17.65994° – N 59.58782°], 1 ♀, 10 VII., NHRS-HYME000002747 ; 1 ♂, 19 VII.; 1 ♀, 2 VIII. 1940, NHRSHYME000002749 , leg. Sten Selander ; Danderyd, Nora villastad [E 18.01160° – N 59.40779°], 5 ♂, 24 VII. 1943, leg. P.A. Roman ; Skå-Edeby [E 17.73987° – N 59.34612°], 1 ♂, 16 VII. 1999, leg. Johan Abenius ; Vs, Köping, 1 ♂, 29 VII., NHRS-HYME000002758 ; Köping city [E 15.99901° – N 59.51793°], 1 ♂, 31 VII.; 1 ♂, 7 VIII. 1975, leg. Walter Siering ; Vr , 1 ♀, 31 VII. 1916, NHRS-HYME000002759 , leg. P.A. Roman ; Dr, Ludvika, Hillänget [E 15.21059° – N 60.15082°], 1 ♂, 17 VIII. 1939, leg. Edgar Wieslander ; Hs, Hudiksvall, Änga [E 17.31148° – N 61.71193°], 2 ♂, 22 VIII. 1993, leg. Johan Abenius ; Stensjön-Lomtjärn [E 16.28610° – N 62.14033°], 1 ♀, MT 17–30 VII. 2003, leg. Swedish Malaise Trap Project ; Me, Sundsvall [E 17.33538° – N 62.38369°], 2 ♀, 7 VII.–12 IX. 2017, leg. Daniel Segerlind ; Nb, Båtskärsnäs [E 23.40262° – N 65.77404°], 1 ♀, 9 VIII. 2005, leg. Johan Abenius ; Boden [E 21.71344° – N 65.83298°], 2 ♀, 6 VI.–25 VII. 2018, leg. Thomas Karlsson .

Finland, Al , Geta [E 19.874° – N 60.374°], 1 ♀, 16 VII. 1951, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112016 , leg. Adolf Nordman ; Saltvik [E 20.061° – N 60.275°], 1 ♀, [no date], http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112013 , leg. Thorwald Grönblom ; Ab , Lohja, Jalassaari [E 23.896° – N 60.312°], 1 ♂ and 1 ♀, 19 VII. 1972, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112011 , http://id.luomus. fi/ GP.112033 , leg. Jonny Perkiömäki ; Lohja , Karjalohja, Pipola [E 23.713° – N 60.261°], 1 ♀, 29 VII. 1966, http:// id.luomus.fi/ GP.112010 , 1 ♂, 30 VII. 1967, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112032 , leg. Jonny Perkiömäki ; Raasepori , Karjaa, Enbacken [E 23.704° – N 60.123°], 1 ♂, 7–18 VII. 2004, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112046 , leg. Juho Paukkunen ; Salo , Särkisalo, Finnari [E 22.945° – N 60.138°], 1 ♂, 6 VIII. 1959, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112045 , leg. Rabbe Elfving ; Vihti [E 24.317° – N 60.417°], 2 ♂ and 1 ♀, 21 VIII. 1996, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112021 , http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112030 , http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112031 , leg. Jonny Perkiömäki ; Vihti , Päivölä [E 24.308° – N 60.349°], 1 ♂, 2 VIII. 1956, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112044 , leg. Wolter Hellén ; N, Espoo , Nuuksio, Solvalla [E 24.558° – N 60.293°], 1 ♀, 28 VII. 1973, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112012 , leg. Jonny Perkiömäki ; Helsinki [E 24.938° – N 60.169°], 1 ♂, 21 VII. 1980, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112035 , leg. Olli Ranin , 1 ♂, 68 VIII. 1977, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112034 , leg. Viljo Karvonen ; Helsinki , Myllypuro [E 25.044° – N 60.219°], 1 ♀, 26 VII. 2005, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112025 , leg. Juho Paukkunen ; Helsinki , Viikki, [E 25.020° – N 60.230°], 1 ♂, 4 VIII. 1976, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112036 , leg. Martti Koponen ; Helsinki , Vuosaari [E 25.159° – N 60.222°], 1 ♀, 7 VIII. 2003, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112023 , leg. Juho Paukkunen ; Lapinjärvi , Kirkonkylä [E 26.193° – N 60.615°], 1 ♂, 30 VII. 2003, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112048 , leg. Juho Paukkunen ; Loviisa , Harmaakallio [E 26.209° – N 60.445°], 1 ♀, 23 VII. 2008, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112018 , 1 ♀, 26 VII. 2008, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112017 , leg. Jari Flinck ; Loviisa , Trollberget [E 26.255° – N 60.462°], 1 ♀, 18–19 VII. 2011, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.100455 , leg. Jari Flinck ; Loviisa , Valko [E 26.233° – N 60.410°], 1 ♀, 25–26 VII. 2011, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.100454 , leg. Jari Flinck ; Vantaa , Hakunila [E 25.127° – N 60.276°], 1 ♀, 12 VIII. 2008, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.71214 , leg. Tomi Salin ; Ka , Lappeenranta , Joutseno, Monnonmäki [E 28.711° – N 61.060°], 1 ♀, 20 VII.–10 VIII. 2008, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112019 , leg. Jussi Vilén ; Virolahti [E 27.631° – N 60.544°], 1 ♀, 29 VII.–4 VIII. 2014, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.100464 , leg. Arno & Jaakko Kullberg ; St , Säkylä, Säkylänharju [E 22.530° – N 61.023°], 1 ♂, 28 VII.–23 VIII. 2006, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.2941, leg. Erkki Kallio , [E 22.530° – N 61.024°], 1 ♀, 5–27 VIII. 2004, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112024 , leg. Seppo Karjalainen, Jere Salminen & Hannu Koski ; Ta , Loppi, Komio [E 24.313° – N 60.669°], 1 ♀, 2–18 VIII. 2004, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112026 , 2 ♀, 6–25 VIII. 2004, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112027 , http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112028 , [E 24.291° – N 60.686°], 1 ♀, 25 VIII.–23 IX. 2004, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112029 , leg. Seppo Karjalainen & Jere Salminen , [E 24.293° – N 60.687°], 1 ♂, 6–25 VIII. 2004, http://id.luomus.fi/GL.2940, leg. Seppo Karjalainen ; Loppi , Räyskälä [E 24.122° – N 60.742°], 1 ♀, 6–24 VIII. 2004, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112020 , leg. Seppo Karjalainen & Hannu Koski ; Sa , Mikkeli [E 27.139° – N 61.663°], 1 ♂, 5 VIII. 2007, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.89250 , leg. Martti Koponen ; Mikkeli , Hietanen [E 27.024° – N 61.582°], 1 ♂, 6 VIII. 1993, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112043 , leg. Martti Koponen ; Oa , Ilmajoki [E 22.364° – N 62.761°], 1 ♂, 9 VII. 1999, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112039 , leg. Martti Koponen ; Sb , Lapinlahti, Nerkoo [E 27.344° – N 63.411°], 3 ♂ and 2 ♀, 27 VII. 1958, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112008 , http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112009 , http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112040 , http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112041 , http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112042 , leg. Rabbe Elfving ; Tuusniemi , Loukeinen [E 28.440° – N 62.896°], 1 ♀, 1 VIII. 1951, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112014 , leg. Rabbe Elfving ; Kb , Kitee [E 30.065° – N 62.247°], 19 VII. 1982, leg. Martti Koponen, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112038 ; Kontiolahti, Lehmonharju [E 29.818° – N 62.643°], 1 ♂, 18 VII.–2 VIII. 2006, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112047 , leg. Jukka Kettunen, 1 m ; Tohmajärvi [E 30.091° – N 62.263°], 1 ♂, 21 VII. 1982, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112037 , leg. Martti Koponen ; Ok , Kajaani , Paltaniemi and Kuluntalahti [E 27.848° – N 64.274°], 1 ♀, 22 VII. 1950, http://id.luomus. fi/ GP.112015 , leg. Rabbe Elfving.

Estonia, Tartu, Toomemägi [E 26.710° – N 58.381°], 1 ♂, 29 VII., 29 VII. 2018, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112052, leg. Juho Paukkunen.

Latvia, Naujene , Slutiški [E 26.895° – N 55.917°], 1 ♀, 26 VII. 2018, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112051, leg. Juho Paukkunen.

Austria, Villach [E 13.8° – N 46.6°], 1 ♀, 1870, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112049, leg. Johan Axel Palmén.

Russia, Novosibirsk, Akademgorodok [E 83.10 ° – N 54.85 °], 1 ♀, 14–16 VIII. 1982, http://id.luomus.fi/ GP.112050, leg. Hans Silfverberg.

Diagnosis. Combination of characters which clearly distinguish Ceropales pallida from all other species of the maculata -group ( Townes 1957): Male. Clypeus and labrum completely yellowish white, or in extreme dark specimens, with a small central shady spot in clypeus and labrum. Metafemora often with distal 1/3 to 1/4 darkened. Distal part of gonocoxite in ventral view, with two brown side folds which are symmetrical, rather small, blunt and of equal size. Surface of the gonocoxite lobe in ventral view, with an area beside the side folds with small cuticular scales in a reticulate pattern. Outer outline of subgenital plate narrow, and lateral side bristles of the raised process long and prominent. In lateral view, the membrane connecting the subgenital plate with the raised process evenly curved and not emarginated. Female. Scapus laterally about 1.2–1.3 times as long as wide. Anteroventral row of sensillar setae of A3–A6 are perpendicularly protruding from surface of segments. Frons between antennal sockets and median ocellus slightly concave, and a small area at the anterior edge of the median ocellus shiny and without punctures. Metatibia orange with the distal ca. 1/5 of darker colour, and metatarsus and hind claws brown to orange.

Description. Female. Body length 6.8–8.5 mm. Fore wing length 6.4–7.2 mm.

Colour. Body black with yellowish white patterns. Mandible black with a reddish-brown band in the middle. Labrum completely black or with a narrow pale margin. Clypeus whitish with a broad longitudinal black stripe that covers about 1/3 of the clypeal area. The pale pattern of clypeus continues along inner eye orbit to middle of eye emargination. A narrow pale band along upper outer orbit. A subtriangular pale spot between antennal sockets. Antenna black with a narrow pale stripe underside A1 and sometimes also A2. Pale band along posterior margin of pronotum sometimes broken in the middle. Anterolateral pronotal pale spot sometimes present. Metanotum medially, and posterior angle of propodeum with pale spots. Meso- and metacoxa, and sometimes procoxa with distal spot. Tergite 1 with a large transverse pale spot on each side, or like an interrupted band. Tergite 2 with pale band along posterior margin that can be interrupted. Tergite 5 often with a medial transverse spot. Tergite 6 often with a large circular spot. Legs red with trochanters, distal parts of femora, hind tibia and hind tarsomeres darkened. Wings hyaline, brownish, veins dark brown, pterostigma pale brown.

Head with dense micropunctation. Vertex and clypeus in addition with sparsely spread larger punctures. Clypeus slightly convex, anterior margin nearly truncate, hardly emarginate medially. Labrum exposed, nearly of same length as clypeus. Mandible bidentate with subapical tooth smaller. Lower frons slightly concave, and the area between antennal sockets evidently elevated. Frontal line indistinct and disappearing at median frons. Gena shiny with very fine and dispersed micropunctures. POD: OOD = 0.77–0.84 (n=5). Length (mm) of A1–A 12 in dorsal view 0.43, 0.25, 0.41, 0.47, 0.47, 0.47, 0.42, 0.40, 0.38, 0.37, 0.33, 0.41. Anteroventral row of sensillar setae of A3–A6 perpendicularly protruding from surface of segments, visible at 40* magnification.

Mesosoma. Pronotum with dense micropunctation and additional densely spread large punctures, anterolateral angle tuberculate with distal rugae, posterolateral angle rounded, lower angle of anterior margin acute. Mesoscutum with dense micropunctation and large punctures separated 0–2.5 puncture diameters apart. Mesopleuron with dense micropunctation and large and diffuse punctures separated 0–2.5 puncture diameters apart, posterior margin with rugae. Scutellum convex with sculpture as in mesoscutum, prescutellar line depressed. Metanotum elevated, convex and shiny. Metapostnotum shiny with longitudinal rugae, medial area broadened towards propodeum and without rugae. Propodeum dorsal surface alutaceous with weak and irregular transverse rugae, anterior half convex, posterior half flat. Lateral surface of propodeum, as well as metapleuron with dense, fine inconspicuous transverse striae. Posterolateral angle of propodeum rounded, posterior rim elevated in the middle. Legs: Claws of fore and mid tarsi with subapical tooth, claws of hind tarsus angularly curved. Wings: see Fig. 1A and 1B .

Metasoma fusiform, slightly shiny with regular microreticulation. Sternite VI strongly compressed, in lateral view ventral margin straight, rounded apically.

Male. Body length 5.4–6.3 mm; holotype: 5.7 mm. Fore wing length 5.2–6.8 mm; holotype 5.2 mm. Labrum completely pale or with a small dark central spot. Clypeus completely pale whitish or yellow. In rare cases with an irregular brownish central pattern in clypeus. Otherwise colours as in females. Pale spots may be present also on front coxa and anterolateral pronotal tubercle. Some small males have a completely black metasoma except for an interrupted pale band on T2. POD: OOD = 0.80–0.92. Genitalia ( Fig. 3A ) and genital plate (sternum 8) ( Figs. 3C and 3E ). Diagnostic characters under comparative notes.

Genetic differences. DNA-barcoding was successful for six specimens of Ceropales pallida and two specimens of C. maculata . The success rate varied from 39–99% (i.e., 256 to 652 bp). C. pallida clustered together with specimens identified as C. maculata from France and Germany (BIN: ABU9713) (data from BOLD Systems downloaded Jan. 2020). C. maculata made up a unique BIN 5% different from C. pallida (BIN: ACM6421) ( Fig. 4 ).

Taxonomy. The lectotype female and one paralectotype male of Evania maculata Fabricius, 1775 are deposited in the Natural History Museum of London (BMNH) ( Day 1979). Eight additional paralectotypes are deposited in the Natural History Museum of Copenhagen. We have studied photos of these specimens, and there is no doubt that both males (one in London and one in Copenhagen) belong to C. maculata . Five female paralectotypes in Copenhagen also fit well with characters of C. maculata . The two other paralectotypes in Copenhagen are in poor condition and are not possible to identify with certainly, but one of these is most likely C. pallida . The lectotype, a female in poor condition, probably also belongs to C. pallida . However, since there is some uncertainty around the identity of the lectotype, and the proposed identity of the lectotype is not in taxonomic accordance with prevailing usage of the name C. maculata , we have requested the Commission to set aside the existing name-bearing type. The male paralectotype in London is therefore designated as a neotype for C. maculata under particulars 75.3.1 and 75.6 of the ICZN.

De Beaumont (1947) and Móczár (1987) studied the synonyms and subspecies of C. maculata ( Ceropales tristis Tournier, 1889 , Ceropales perligera Costa, 1882 , Ceropales major Costa, 1888 Ceropales rufipes Stephens, 1829 Ceropales balearicus Costa, 1893 ) and discussed the variation in colour patterns within deviant forms. None of these, neither the subspecies established by these authors fit the description of the new species. Móczár (1987) noted that among the material studied by him, occasionally males have a completely yellow clypeus, and that this trait occurs independently of size and colour patterns elsewhere. Such specimens are most likely identical with C. pallida , but this observed variation is not linked to particular described taxa. We also studied the type of Ceropales semiannulatus Curtis, 1839 (deposited in Melbourne Museum, Victoria). This specimen turned out to be an exceptionally dark female of C. maculata . Since there are no old names that with certainty can be associated with the new species, a new name, Ceropales pallida is designated here.

Etymology. The specific epithet (adjective) is derived from the latin term pallida which means pale, indicating that the species has more pronounced pale patterns than its close relative C. maculata , including the completely pale clypeus in the males.

Distribution. Austria, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Latvia, Norway, Russia and Sweden.

Bionomics. C. pallida has been found in a wide range of boreonemoral biotopes from wet mires, dry pastures, meadows, roads sides, military areas, esker slopes, lake shores and sand pits. However, the species has not been recorded from sand dunes along the coast, and neither in boreal areas of higher elevation where C. maculata is rather common. The wide habitat range indicates that the species can utilize a wide range of pompilid hosts. The adults of C. pallida are active in July and August with a few exceptions. C. maculata seems to have a longer activity period, as there are several records also in May and June. Contrary to the situation in Sweden, most Finnish specimens of C. pallida are relatively recently collected, and the oldest ones are from the 1950s. Therefore C. pallida species seems to be increasing in Finland, whereas the populations of C. maculata seem to be more stable.

Comparative notes and distributional remarks. Ceropales pallida sp. nov. belongs to the Ceropales maculata -group and is closely related to C. maculata . The size range of the two species overlaps to a large extent, but we have noticed the occurrence of a small proportion of considerably larger specimens (> 10 mm) in maculata , possibly as a result of different habitat and/or host choice as indicated below.

The two species are easily separated by studying male sexual characters. In C. pallida , the distal part of the gonocoxite in ventral view has two brown side folds which are symmetrical, rather small, blunt and of equal size. In C. maculata , these folds are asymmetrical with the broadest parts pointing downwards, and with the lower fold angular pointed and larger than the dark and blunt upper one. In C. pallida , the surface of the gonocoxite lobe in ventral view, has an area beside the side folds with small cuticular scales in a reticulate pattern. In C. maculata , this area is smooth. The general outline of the distal part of the gonocoxite is also different in the two species ( Figs. 3A and 3B ). In C. pallida , the outer outline of the subgenital plate (sternite 8) is narrower than in C. maculata , and lateral side bristles of the raised process are longer and more prominent ( Figs. 3C and 3D ). In lateral view, the membrane connecting the subgenital plate with the raised process is evenly curved in C. pallida , whilst in C. maculata it is more emarginated ( Figs. 3E and 3F ).

Females are more difficult to separate and, in some cases, probably not possible without support from molecular methods. On average, C. pallida (n = 5) has a larger frontal ocellus than C. maculata . In C. pallida the diameter of the frontal ocellus is 0.92–1.13x the distance to one of the posterior ocelli. In C. maculata (n = 5) the diameter of the frontal ocellus is 0.79–1.00x the same distance ( Figs. 2C and 2D ). The antennae of C. pallida are somewhat thinner and not so clearly thickening towards the apex as in C. maculata . The scapus of C. pallida is laterally about 1.2–1.3 times as long as wide, whereas in C. maculata , the scapus is shorter, about 1.1 times as long as wide. Anteroventral row of sensillar setae of A3–A6 are perpendicularly protruding from surface of segments in C. pallida females, whereas in C. maculata they are shorter or inclining along the segmental surface. This minute character is generally persistent also in worn and old dry conserved specimens. The frons between antennal sockets and median ocellus is slightly concave in C. pallida , and a small area at the anterior edge of the median ocellus is shiny and without punctures ( Fig. 2C ). In C. maculata , the frons is either even or slightly convex and the anterior area of the median ocellus has similar or nearly similar dense punctures as the surrounding area of the frons ( Fig. 2D ). In some specimens there is a larger triangular unpunctured but semidull area due to some microrugae.

The colour patterns of both males and females provide some useful characters for separation of the two species, but there is a certain variability that has a distinct geographical component. Males: In C. pallida , the clypeus and labrum are completely yellowish white, or in extreme dark specimens, with a small central shady spot in clypeus and labrum. C. maculata has always a broad black median stripe along clypeus that continues through labrum. This stripe is narrower towards the anterior margin of clypeus, and the black pattern occupies often more than 1/3 of the clypeal area ( Figs. 2A and 2B ). In males of C. pallida , the metafemora are often darker, with the distal 1/3 to 1/4 darkened. Metafemur of males of C. maculata is often red with the distal 1/10 darkened. Females: In C. pallida , there are sometimes pale spots on the anterolateral pronotal tubercle, and regularly on the distal parts of the mesocoxa. Spot on outer side of metacoxa is larger and often covering more than half the distal coxal length. In C. maculata , the anterolateral pronotal, and lateral mesocoxal spots are usually missing, and the metacoxal spot is often reduced to a small spot in the distal part. The pale spots on tergite 1 are often transverse resembling a broken band in C. pallida . In C. maculata , these spots are often very reduced and mostly not transverse. Small males of C. pallida may have very reduced colour patterns, but still completely pale clypeus. Legs in female C. pallida are normally of bright orange colour, while in C. maculata they are darker orange red. In female C. pallida , metatibia is orange with the distal ca. 1/5 of darker colour, and even the metatarsus and hind claws are brown to orange. Metatibia in female C. maculata with distal 1/3–1/4 black, metatarsus with at least the two apical segments brownish black, often completely black. Hind claws mostly brown to black. ( Figs. 1B and 1C ).

Ceropales pallida sp. nov. is hitherto recorded in northern Europe from Norway (provinces: Ø, BØ, BV, TEY, TEI, HES), Sweden (provinces: Sk, Bl, Ha, Sm, Öl, Go, Ög, Vg, Bo, Nä, Sö, Up, Vs, Vr, Dr, Hs, Me and Nb), Finland (provinces: Al, Ab, N, Ka, St, Ta, Sa, Oa, Sb, Kb and Ok), Estonia (Tartu) and Latvia (Naujene, Slutiški). The northernmost records are from Sweden, Nb: Boden (65.83°N; two females collected 2018) and Båtskärsnäs (65.77°N; one female collected 2005), and Finland, Kn: Kajaani (64.27°N; one female collected 1950) ( Fig. 5 ). There is also one female from Austria (Villach) and another female from Russia (Novosibirsk) in the collection of MZH. The Siberian specimen indicates that C. pallida is a Trans-Palaearctic species. Results from DNA barcoding in the BOLD database ( Ratnasingham & Hebert 2007) show that there are two specimens from Germany and one from France with DNA barcodes identical to C. pallida . Probably C. pallida is also widely distributed in Central Europe. C. maculata s.l. is widely distributed in the Holarctic. In the Nearctic, this taxon occurs from Canada in the north to Mexico in the south ( ssp. caenosa Townes, 1957 , ssp. fraterna Smith, 1855 , ssp. rhodomera Townes, 1957 and ssp. stretchii Fox, 1892 ), in the Palaearctic from western Europe and North Africa in the west to Japan in the east ( Móczár 1987). The Nearctic subspecies ssp. fraterna seems to be closer related to C. pallida than C. maculata , since for example the clypeus of the male is completely pale. However, they have more extensive pale markings on their body, such as double pale spots laterally on the propodeum and on the meso- and metacoxa. A revision of C. maculata s.l. is needed to clarify a more complete distribution of C. pallida , as well as C. maculata s.str.

Figures

FIGURE 1. A–C. Habitus of Ceropales. A. Holotype male, Ceropales pallida sp. nov.; B. Female, C. pallida sp. nov; C. Female, C. maculata.

FIGURE 2. A–B. Head of male in frontal view; A. Ceropales pallida sp. nov.; B. C. maculata. C–D. Head of female in dorsal view; C. Ceropales pallida sp. nov.; D. C. maculata.

FIGURE 3. A–B. Genitalia, ventral view; A. Ceropales pallida sp. nov.; B. C. maculata. C–D. Subgenital plate (sternite 8) of male, dorsal view; C. Ceropales pallida sp. nov.; D. C. maculata. E–F. Subgenital plate (sternite 8) of male, lateral view; E. Ceropales pallida sp. nov.; F. C. maculata.

FIGURE 4. ID-tree of Ceropales from selected sequences of COI-5P markers, based on neighbor joining clustering, using the Kimura 2-parameter substitution model. Sample ID, sex, locality, sequence length, and their respective BINs are presented for each specimen.

FIGURE 5. Distribution map for Ceropales pallida sp. nov. in Fennoscandia based on the studied material.