Gondwanoscurus socotrensis, Ježek & Tkoč, 2012

Ježek, Jan & Tkoč, Michal, 2012, A new species of the genus Gondwanoscurus, and two new records of non-biting moth flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Psychodinae) from Socotra Island, Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52, pp. 545-557 : 548-554

Gondwanoscurus socotrensis sp. nov.

( Figs. 1–33 )

Type locality. Yemen, Socotra Island, Al Haghier Mts., Scant Mt., 1450 m a.s.l., 12°34.6′N 54°01.5′E ( Fig. 34 ).

Type material. HOLOTYPE: J, Yemen, Socotra Island, Al Haghier Mts. , Scant Mt., 1450 m a.s.l., 12°34.6′N 54°01.5′E. 12.−13.xi.2010, at light, J. Hájek and J. Bezděk leg. ( NMPC, slide Cat. No. 34568, Inv. No. 19769) . PARATYPES: 14 JJ and 13 ♀♀, same data as holotype ( NMPC), slides Cat. No. 34569−34595, Inv. No. 19770– 19796 (allotype 34583/19784) ; Al Haghier Mts. , wadi Madar, 1180−1230 m a.s.l., 12°33.2′N 54°00.4′E, 12.−14. xi.2010, at light, 3 JJ and 23 ♀♀, J. Hájek and J. Bezděk leg. ( NMPC, slides Cat. No. 34596−34621, Inv. No. 19797–19822) .

Description. Male. Eyes contiguous ( Figs. 3, 4 ), touching for more than three facet diameters, facets hardly hexagonal or inconspicuously globular, eye-bridge of four facet rows, ratio of facet diameter to the width of basis of scape 1: 3, vertex pyramidal, rounded, vertex ratio (width versus high) 2.4: 1. Only one row of sockets of side setae above dorsal apices of eyes. Frontoclypeus with oval area of insertions of setulae, setula patch has dorso-ventral cleft. Antenna with 16 antennomeres. Scape cylindrical, 2.4 times as long as pedicel, pedicel almost globular ( Fig. 24 ); flagellomeres 2–13 with long necks, flagellomere 1 amphora-shaped ( Fig. 24 ), flagellar nodes (2−12) conspicuously excentrically bulbous with great width of one side ( Figs. 16 , 24, 25 ), last two flagellomeres with conical nodes, apical flagellomere with asymmetrical side protuberance and terminal long digit ( Fig. 16 ). Sensory filaments (ascoids) of flagellomeres multiple, arranged in ring ( Fig. 25 ), threadlike, multibranched (3–6 arms). Length ratios of maxillary palpomeres 1.0: 2.0: 1.8: 2.4, palpomere 4 thinest, cylindrical, annulate ( Fig. 17 ), scales of maxillary palpomeres maculated (compare as well the scales of wing on Fig. 1, P 1 on Fig. 12 , haltere on Fig. 19 , surstylus on Fig. 31 ). Terminal lobes of labium bulbous ( Fig. 5 ), with many sensory setae. Cibarium, labrum and epipharynx as in Fig. 18 . Thoracic sclerites and spiraculum as in Figs. 10 and 11 .

Wings broadly lancet-shaped, 2.9 mm long (holotype), paratypes 2.4–3.0 mm, slightly clouded, rounded at apex, with well developed and enlarged cubital area ( Fig. 1 ), membrane bare, with conspicuous infuscation patches at apices of longitudinal veins, in area between R 1 and C, at basis of R 2+3, and between CuA 2 and hind margin of the wing. Radial fork complete, medial one incomplete (very faint connection of M 1 to M 2). Following veins or their parts strengthened: R 2+3 and R 2, CuA 1 and CuA 2, A 1 distad. Some parts of basal cell are more sclerotized. Basal costal wing node distinct, Sc uninterrupted, straight. CuA 1 basally without connection to M 3 and to CuA 2. R 5 extending distally and reaching wing margin slightly below wing apex. Veins r-r, r-m and m-m not developed. Wing 1.8 times as long as wide. Haltere 2.7 times as long as wide ( Fig. 19 ). Length ratios of femora, tibiae and first tarsomeres: P 1 = 1.7: 2.0: 1.0; P 2 = 1.9: 2.5: 1.2; P 3 = 2.0: 2.9: 1.2. Fore claws as in Fig. 27 .

Basal apodeme of male genitalia straight and narrow in dorsal view ( Fig. 28 ), bent in lateral and diagonal view (proximal end rounded – Figs. 20 , 29 ). Aedeagus simple with internal structures of characteristic shape ( Figs. 20 , 28, 29 ). Gonocoxites long and thin, almost straight, gonostyli elongate, 1.2 times as long as gonocoxites, gradually tapering to apex, little bent, bifurcate, slightly tapered, digitiform, subequal in length ( Figs. 20 , 28, 29 ). Epandrium with two irregularly formed fields of caudal insertions of setulae on both sides, hardly connected caudally, and two central circular openings (apertures) ( Figs. 30, 31 ). Caudal epandrial notch deep. Sclerotized remainders of 10th segment inside of epandrium developed and safely indicated, triangular from dorsal view ( Fig. 30 ). Hypandrium little widened medially ( Figs. 20 , 28, 29 ). Epiproct linear, fold-shaped, hardly visible, hypoproct longly triangular, rounded, both parts with microtrichia ( Fig. 30 ). Surstylus cylindrical, 3.7 times as long as its basal diameter (with a small protuberance), bent from lateral view, straight from dorsal one ( Figs. 30, 32 ), 23 retinacula subapically, not frazzled ( Figs. 21 , 32 ).

Female. Eyes contiguous ( Fig. 15 ), vertex pyramidal, vertex ratio (width and high) 2.6: 1, frontoclypeal area of insertions of setulae as in male, however, near tentorial pits expanding to small obtuse corners. Sensory filaments (ascoids) of flagellomeres multiple ( Fig. 26 ). Palpomere 4 annulate, scales maculate ( Fig. 6 ).

Wings narrowly lancet-shaped, 3.0 mm long (allotype 2.5 mm, paratypes 2.2–3.0 mm), slightly clouded, rounded at apex, cubital area not enlarged ( Fig. 2 ), membrane bare, with conspicuous infuscation patches at apices of longitudinal veins, in area between R 1 and C, at basis of R 2+3. Radial fork complete, longly triangular, medial one with almost very imperceptible wide connection of M 1 to M 2. Following veins or their parts strengthened: Sc, CuA 1 and CuA 2, A 1 distad. Some parts of basal cell are more sclerotized. Basal costal wing node distinct, Sc uninterrupted, straight. CuA 1 basally without connection to M 3 and to CuA 2. R 5 extending distally and reaching wing margin slightly below wing apex. Wing 2.1 times as long as wide.

Genitalia as figured ( Figs. 7−9 , 13−14 , 22−23 , 33 ). Subgenital plate bilobed ( Figs. 14 , 22−23 ), with deep caudal concavity, with microtrichia, many scales and setae; complicated sclerotized forms of genital chamber with wartlike structures ( Figs. 7−9 , 14 ). Cerci short, triangular, rounded caudaly, setose ( Figs. 13 , 33 ), connected by wrinkled membrane ( Fig. 13 ).

Differential diagnosis. Gondwanoscurus socotrensis sp. nov. (J) has vertex ratio 2.4: 1 (width and high); the end of R 4 is above rounded wing apex; scales of palp segments, wings, legs, halteres and surstyli are maculated; hypandrium widened medially; gonostyli elongate, gradually tapering to apex, bifurcate apically, rami digitiform, subequal in length; aedeagus simple, with one short pointed part inside of a sheath. G. malaysiensis differs by vertex ratio 1.8: 1; the end of R 4 is in pointed apex of wing; scales of palpomeres, wings, legs and surstyli are without maculation; hypandrium narrow; gonostyli with broad semiglobular basal portion, cylindrical medial portion, and abruptly narrowed at the beginning very narrow terminal portion; aedeagal complex composed from three free long pointed parts, trowel-shaped in lateral view.

Etymology. The new species name (adjective) is based on the name of the island where it was collected.

Biology and collecting circumstances. Unknown. The individuals were caught at light.

Distribution. Socotra Island.

Figures

Figs. 1–2. Gondwanoscurus socotrensis sp. nov., wing (1 – male; 2 – female).

Figs. 3–6. Gondwanoscurus socotrensis sp. nov. 3 – head, male; 4 – frontal suture and facets, male; 5 – terminal lobes of labium, male; 6 – terminal (fourth) palpomere, female.

Figs.7–9. Gondwanoscurus socotrensis sp. nov., female. 7 – genital chamber ventrally; 8 – same, laterally; 9 – same, anteriorly.

Figs. 10–14.Gondwanoscurus socotrensis sp. nov.10 – lateral view of thoracic sclerites, male; 11 – thoracal spiracle, male; 12 – connection of tibia and first tarsomere of P1 with a botka laterally, male; 13 – ovipositor ventrally (from a slide), female; 14 – subgenital plate and genital chamber ventrally, female.

Figs. 15–23. Gondwanoscurus socotrensis sp. nov. 15 – head, female; 16 – apical antennomeres, male; 17 – maxilla and palpus maxillaris, male; 18 – cibarium, labrum and epipharynx, male; 19 – haltere, male; 20 – aedeagus and gonopod diagonally, male; 21 – end of surstylus ventrally (some retinaculi omitted), male; 22 – subgenital plate (from a slide, pressed), female; 23 – same laterally, female.

Figs. 24–33. Gondwanoscurus socotrensis sp. nov. 24 – basal antennomeres, male; 25 – sensory area of a middle antennomere in detail, male; 26 – apical antennomeres (some ascoids on the empty sockets intentionally not figured), female; 27 – claw of P1, male; 28 – aedeagus and gonopods dorsally, male; 29 – aedeagus and gonopod laterally, male; 30 – epandrium and surstyli (ends with retinacula omitted), male; 31 – same laterally, male; 32 – surstylus laterally, male; 33 – cercus laterally, female.

Figs. 34–35. Socotran localities. 34 – Yemen, Socotra Island, Al Haghier Mts., Scant Mt., 1450 m a.s.l., 12°34.6′N 54°01.5′E, type locality of Gondwanoscurus socotrensis sp. nov. 35 – Yemen, Socotra Island, Al Haghier Mts., wadi Madar, 1180–1230 m a.s.l., 12°33.2′N 54°00.4′E, a detail of the habitat, a typical dry shrubby slopes, biotopes suitable for light trapping. Photos by J. Suchomel (November 2010).