Quadrastichus

Prinsloo, Rd. L. & Kelly, Ne. A., 2009, The tetrastichine wasps (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) associated with galls on Erythrina species (Fabaceae) in South Africa, with the description of five new species, Zootaxa 2083 (1), pp. 27-45 : 30

Key to the species of Quadrastichus and Aprostocetus associated with galls on Erythrina spp. in South Africa (Males and females)

1. Antennal funicle three-segmented ( Figs. 7 , 14 , 21 , 27 , 32 )...................................................................Females……..2

- Funicle four-segmented ( Figs. 6 , 13 , 20 , 28 , 33 )................................................................................... Males……….7

2. Submarginal vein of forewing with 1 dorsal seta; mesosoma without a metallic lustre, either generally brown to black, or black with mesoscutal side lobes yellow in contrast; antenna with a single anellus ( Figs.7 , 14 , 21 ); Quadrastichus species ......................................................................................................................................................... 3

- Submarginal vein with 2–4 dorsal setae or, if rarely with a single seta, then mesosoma black with a distinct dark green lustre; antenna with 4 anelli ( Figs. 27 , 32 ); Aprostocetus species .. .................................................................... 5

3. Large, at least 3 mm in length; ovipositor protruding strongly by at least one-third length of gaster; mesosoma black with mesoscutal side lobes yellow in contrast; associated with Erythrina latissima ........................... Q. ingens sp. n.

- Smaller species, less than 2 mm in length; ovipositor not or only slightly protruded; colour of mesosoma different; associated with species of Erythrina other than E. latissima ........................................................................................ 4

4. Meso - and metasoma generally brown to blackish-brown with yellowish-brown suffusions; gaster somewhat circular in outline, hardly longer than wide; mesoscutum with 1 pair of adnotaular setae ( Fig. 10 ) ....... Q. gallicola sp. n.

- Meso – and metasoma black save basal half or so of gaster yellow; gaster elongate, tapering to an acute apex, about 1.5 X as long as broad; mesoscutum with 2–3 pairs of adnotaular setae ( Fig. 18 ) ............................. Q. bardus sp. n.

5. Last gastral tergite (epipygium) extremely long and slender, tail-like, distinctly longer than head and remainder of body combined ( Fig. 38 ).................................................................................................................. A. exertus La Salle

- Last gastral tergite short, triangular to conical in shape, distinctly shorter than remainder of gaster ( Figs. 29 , 36 ).... 6

6. Head and body without a metallic lustre, blackish-brown to almost black save base of gaster yellowish; mesoscutum with a row of 6–8 adnotaular setae on each side ( Fig. 25 ); submarginal vein of forewing with 4 dorsal setae ............. ................................................................................................................................................................ A. tritus sp. n.

- Head and body black with a distinct dark metallic green tinge, the base of gaster suffused with yellow; mesoscutum with 2–3 adnotaular setae on each side ( Fig. 34 ); submarginal vein usually with 2 setae, rarely with 1 ....................... ................................................................................................................................................................ A. nitens sp. n.

7. Submarginal vein of fore wing with 1 dorsal seta; body without a metallic lustre; species of Quadrastichus ........... 8

- Submarginal vein with 2–4 setae or, if rarely with 1, then mesosoma black with a distinct metallic greenish tinge; species of Aprostocetus ............................................................................................................................................... 10

8. Head and body generally brown to blackish-brown with certain areas unevenly suffused with yellowish-brown; mesoscutum with 1 adnotaular seta on each side.............................................................................. Q. gallicola sp. n.

- Head and body distinctly bicolorous, with certain areas black, others white; mesoscutum with more than 1 adnotaular seta on each side.................................................................................................................................................. 9

9. Gaster dorsally entirely blackish; mesoscutum with a row of 3–5 adnotaular setae on each side ...... Q. ingens sp. n.

- Gaster blackish with basal half or so white in contrast; mesoscutum with a row of 2–3 adnotaular setae .................... ............................................................................................................................................................. Q. bardus sp. n.

10. Head and body non metallic, entirely blackish-brown save base of gaster suffused with yellowish-brown; legs with all coxae largely dusky; mesoscutum with a row of 6–8 adnotaular setae on each side; flagellar segments with whorls of long setae, as in Fig. 28 . ......................................................................................................... A. tritus sp. n.

- Head and body black with a metallic green tinge, the basal third or so of gaster white in contrast; coxae entirely white; mesoscutum with 2–4 adnotaular setae on each side; flagellar segments without whorls of long setae ( Fig. 33 ) .................................................................................................................................................................................... 11

11. Antenna with 3 anelli ....................................................................................................................... A. exertus La Salle

- Antenna with 2 anelli ............................................................................................................................ A. nitens sp. n.

Figures

FIGURES 3– 9. Quadrastichus ingens sp. n.: 3, forewing, female; 4, mesosoma, female; 5, head, frontal view, female; 6, antenna, male; 7, antenna, female; 8, ovipositor and middle tibia, same scale, female; 9, male genitalia.

FIGURES 10–16. Quadrastichus gallicola sp. n.: 10, mesosoma, female; 11, forewing, female; 12, head, frontal view, female; 13, antenna, male; 14, antenna, female; 15, ovipositor and middle tibia, same scale, female; 16, male genitalia.

FIGURES 17–23. Quadrastichus bardus sp. n.: 17, forewing, female; 18, mesosoma, female; 19, head, frontal view, female; 20, antenna, male; 21, antenna, female; 22, ovipositor and middle tibia, same scale, female; 23, male genitalia.

FIGURES 24–30. Aprostocetus tritus sp. n.: 24, forewing, female; 25, mesosoma, female; 26, head, frontal view, female; 27 antenna, female; 28, antenna, male; 29, ovipositor and middle tibia, same scale, female; 30, male genitalia.

FIGURES 31–38. Aprostocetus spp.: 31–37, A. nitens sp. n.: 31, forewing, female; 32, antenna, female; 33, antenna, male; 34, mesosoma, female; 35, head, frontal view, female; 36, ovipositor and middle tibia, same scale, female; 37, male genitalia. 38, A. exertus La Salle, female, lateral view.