Apophua Morley, 1913

Watanabe, Kyohei & Maeto, Kaoru, 2014, Revision of the genus Apophua Morley, 1913, from Japan (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Banchinae), Zootaxa 3784 (5), pp. 501-527 : 502

Genus Apophua Morley, 1913

Apophua Morley, 1913: 213 . Type species: Apophua carinata Morley by original designation.

Description based on Japanese species. Body polished, punctate, covered with silver setae, length 9.0– 9.5 mm. Head. Clypeus slightly convex in lateral view, always almost yellow, its lower margin convex in anterior view. Face slightly convex medially, covered with dense punctures, more or less transversely striated by coalescent punctures. Frons flat to slightly convex, densely punctate except for narrow area above antennal socket, with pair of longitudinal keel between antennal sockets. Upper part of occipital carina obscured medially. Lower part of occipital carina complete, distinctly sinuate beyond lower margin of eye, its lower end connected hypostomal carina at base of mandible. Vertex and gena finely punctate. Occiput not concave, smooth except for dorsal part finely punctate. Subocular groove absent. Basal area of mandible convex. Ventral margin of mandible with narrow flange on basal 0.3–0.7.

Mesosoma densely punctate. Epomia present. Sternaulus present anteriorly, extended less than half length of mesopleuron. Posterior transverse carina of mesosternum absent except for median section usually present by weak ridge. Posterior transverse carina of propodeum present, usually complete, sometimes obscured medially. Pleural carina of propodeum complete. Propodeal spiracle rounded. Fore wing length 7.0–9.0 mm. Junction of vein Cu 1 and vein cu-a distant from junction of vein Rs+M and vein M+Cu. Areolet absent. Stigma receiving vein Rs+M medially. Hind wing with abscissa of vein Cu 1 of between vein M and vein cu-a 2.5–3.3 times as long as cu-a. Fore tibial spur longer than half length of fore TS1. Tarsal claw longer than arolium, pectinate near apex, apex not twisted.

Metasoma. Lateral sides of metasomal tergites largely parallel in dorsal view, width of T5 only slightly shorter than T2-T4. Dorsolateral carina of T1 complete. Ovipositor sheath longer than hind tibia. Apical part of upper valve of ovipositor without distinct dorsal tubercle before notch. Apex of paramere short, slightly beyond apex of volsella, apical margin round (Figs. 8 A-L, 9 C, F, I, L, O, Q, U). Inner margin of paramere concave near basal inner angle (Fig. 8 A, C, E, G, I, K, M). Apical part of digitus strongly bent ventrally ( Fig. 9 C, F, I, L, O, R, U). Aedeagus more or less curved ( Fig. 9 B, E, H, K, N, Q, T).

Sexual dimorphism. Body punctures of male sparser than female. Propodeal carina of male usually stronger than female. Ventral surface of flagellum of male paler than female, usually more or less tinged with brown.

Distribution. Australasian, Ethiopian, Palearctic, Nearctic and Oriental regions.

Remarks. This genus closely resembles Glypta but it can be easily distinguished from the latter by the long fore tibial spur (longer than half length of fore TS 1 in Apophua but shorter than it in Glypta ). The generic position ( Glypta or Apophua ) of a species, rufa Uchida, 1928, had been controversial, whereas Kuslitzky (2007) transferred this species from Apophua to Glypta . We have re-examined the type specimen of this species and accepted his treatment here.

Figures

FIGURE 9. Male subgenital plates (ventral view: A, D, G, J, M, P, S), left (ventral view: B, E, K, N) and right (lateral view: H, R, T) aedeagi and left (mesal view: F, I, O, Q, U) and right (mesal view: C, L, U) parameres and volsellae of Apophua. — A – C, A. bipunctoria; D – F, A. evanescens; G – I, A. honmai; J – L, A. kikuchii; M – O, A. maetai; P – R, A. stena; S – U, A. sugaharai.