Hypsolebias, Costa, 2006

Costa, Wilson J. E. M., 2006, Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), Neotropical Ichthyology 4 (1), pp. 1-26 : 17

Hypsolebias new subgenus

Type species. Cynolebias flavicaudatus Costa & Brasil .

Diagnosis. Distinguished from the other taxa of Simpsonichthys in having the second pharyngobranchial longer than wide (vs. wider than long). Another synapomorphy of Hypsolebias is the presence of a shortened lateroventral process of the hyomandibula, but that also occurs in some species of Spectrolebias (vs. wide process).

Included species. Simpsonichthys ocellatus Costa, Nielsen & De Luca , S. hellneri (Berkenkamp) , S. adornatus Costa , S. fulminantis (Costa & Brasil), S. carlettoi Costa & Nielsen , S. magnificus (Costa & Brasil), S. picturatus Costa , S. stellatus (Costa & Brasil), S. nielseni Costa , S. rufus Costa, Nielsen & De Luca , S. notatus (Costa, Lacerda & Brasil), S. radiosus Costa & Brasil, S. similis Costa & Hellner , S. trilineatus (Costa & Brasil), S. auratus Costa & Nielsen , S. antenori (Tulipano) , S. igneus Costa , S. ghisolfii Costa, Cyrino & Nielsen , S. flavicaudatus (Costa & Brasil), S. flagellatus Costa , S. delucai Costa , S. alternatus (Costa & Brasil), S. multiradiatus (Costa & Brasil), S. flammeus (Costa) , and S. brunoi Costa.

Etymology. From the Greek hypsi (high), and lebias (small fish; also a nominal cyprinodontid genus commonly used to compose generic names of the family Rivulidae ), an allusion to the deep body of the members to the new subgenus. Gen- der masculine.

Distribution. Central and northeastern Brazil, including the upper and middle rio Tocantins basin, middle rio São Francisco basin, lower rio Jaguaribe basin and adjacent coastal basins, and middle rio Jequitinhonha.