Ophthalmolebias, Costa, 2006

Costa, Wilson J. E. M., 2006, Descriptive morphology and phylogenetic relationships among species of the Neotropical annual killifish genera Nematolebias and Simpsonichthys (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei: Rivulidae), Neotropical Ichthyology 4 (1), pp. 1-26 : 16-17

Ophthalmolebias new subgenus

Type species. Simpsonichthys constanciae (Myers) .

Diagnosis. Distinguished from the remaining cynolebiatins by the following unambiguous synapomorphies: a medial crest with a prominent ventral expansion on the palatine (vs. without ventral expansion when crest is present), eyes positioned laterally on head (vs. dorsolaterally), anterior and posterior sections of the supraorbital series of neuromasts separated by an interspace (vs. continuous), metallic blue bars on the flank in females (vs. metallic bars absent), and anal fin pink in females (vs. hyaline).

Included species. Simpsonichthys constanciae (Myers) , S. bokermanni (de Carvalho & da Cruz) , S. perpendicularis Costa, Nielsen & De Luca , S. rosaceus Costa, Nielsen & De Luca , and S. suzarti Costa.

Distribution. Brazilian eastern river basins, between rio Cachoeira, Estado da Bahia, and rio São João, Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

Etymology. From the Greek ophthamus (eye) and lebias (small fish, also a name used to compose generic names of rivulids), referring to the large eyes laterally placed on head. Gender masculine.