Caucaseuma fanagoriyskaya, Antić, Dragan Ž. & Makarov, Slobodan E., 2016

Antić, Dragan Ž. & Makarov, Slobodan E., 2016, The Caucasus as a major hotspot of biodiversity: Evidence from the millipede family Anthroleucosomatidae (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida), Zootaxa 4211 (1), pp. 1-205 : 32-36

Caucaseuma fanagoriyskaya sp. nov.

Figs 21–23

Diagnosis. Differs from the other Caucaseuma species by the general structure of the anterior shields of the anterior gonopods; by the presence of patch-like structures on coxal processes of the posterior gonopods, as well as by the presence of a small, posterior, dentate, subtriangular coxal process and of a posteromesal denticulate thickening on the coxae of male leg-pair 7.

Etymology. The new species is named after its type locality, Cave Fanagoriyskaya ; a noun in apposition.

Material studied (total: 2 males, 2 females, 6 juveniles). Holotype. RUSSIA: male, Krasnodar Province, Goryachiy Klyuch, 12 km SW of Fanagoriyskoye, Cave Fanagoriyskaya , 30 May 1983, S. Golovatch leg. ( ZMUM ρ3258).

Paratypes (total: 1 male, 2 females, 6 juveniles). All from RUSSIA, Krasnodar Province, Goryachiy Klyuch, 12 km SW of Fanagoriyskoye, Cave Fanagoriyskaya : 2 juveniles, same data as holotype ( ZMUM ρ3259) ; 1 male, 2 females, 1 juvenile, 30 Oct. 1981, S. Golovatch leg. (ZMUM ρ3260); 3 juveniles, 24 Sep. 1978 (ZMUM ρ3261).

Type locality. RUSSIA: Krasnodar Province, Goryachiy Klyuch, 12 km SW of Fanagoriyskoye, Cave Fanagoriyskaya .

Description. Body with 30 segments (including telson) in adults.

MEASUREMENTS. Holotype male 10.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest pleurotergite 0.8 mm. Females 13–15.5 mm long, vertical diameter of the largest pleurotergite 0.95–1 mm.

COLORATION ( Fig. 21 ). Greyish yellow, with brown head and few anterior body segments.

HEAD. Without frontal depression in male. Labrum with three medial teeth and 5+5 labral and 2+2 supralabral setae. Promentum triangular, without setae. Lingual plates with 5+5 setae, on each plate arranged in one row. Stipites with 21+21 setae. Antennae 1.8 mm long in holotype. Length of antennomeres (in mm): I (0.08), II (0.21), III (0.49), IV (0.22), V (0.45), VI (0.19), VII (0.13) and VIII (0.03). Length/breadth ratios of antennomeres I–VII: I (1), II (2), III (5), IV (2.2), V (3), VI (1.4) and VII (1.2). Antennomeres II, IV, V, VI and VII with one, three, one, four and one sensillum, respectively. Number of ocelli 21–23, arranged in 6 rows in males; 20–24 arranged in 6 rows in female.

COLLUM. Narrower than head, with six macrochaetae. Anterior edge semi-circular, posterior margin gently concave.

BODY SEGMENTS ( Fig. 21 ). Lateral keels relatively well-developed. Macrochaetae relatively long and trichoid. CIX (pleurotergite 15) ~ 0.7; MIX (pleurotergite 15) ~ 1.8; PIX (pleurotergite 15) ~ 0.4; MA (pleurotergite 15) ~ 95˚.

TELSON. Epiproct with a pair of spinnerets and 3+3 setae (1+1 paramedian, 2+2 marginal). Hypoproct with 1+1 apical setae. Paraprocts with 3+3 marginal setae.

WALKING LEGS. In both sexes, leg-pairs 1 and 2 with tarsal combs; prefemora with several long and robust setae; femora and postfemora with a group of several long and robust setae.

MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERS ( Fig. 22 ). Leg-pairs 3–7 enlarged. Leg-pairs 3 and 4 each with a basal external protrusion on prefemur. Leg-pairs 5 and 6 with a posterio-mesal denticulate thickening on coxae. Coxae of leg-pair 7 with a small, posterior, dentate, subtriangular process; with a posteromesal denticulate thickening. Leg-pairs 10 and 11 with coxal glands; no other peculiarities.

ANTERIOR GONOPODS ( Fig. 23 A–C). Sternal plate (sp) [= v sensu Strasser (1970): 201, figs 1 and 2] with a medial, anterior, triangular, acuminate, hairy, sternal sac (ss) [= s sensu Strasser (1970): 201, figs 1 and 2]. Anterior coxal processes (cp) shield-like [= sc sensu Strasser (1970): 201, figs 1 and 2], distal half divided. Apical parts of shields tapering up to subtriangular (in distal view), curved posteriorly. Posterior coxal processes (pp) [= te sensu Strasser (1970): 201, 202, figs 2 and 3] starting with an anterior horn (ah) [= z sensu Strasser (1970): 201, 202, figs 1–3] and contining into a denticulated lamella (dl). Denticles, first longer, growing increasingly short from anterior to posterior end, then suddenly rising into a well-developed lever (lv) divided into an anterior wider part (alv) [= y sensu Strasser (1970): 201, 202, figs 1–4] and a posterior narrower part (plv) [= f sensu Strasser (1970): 201, 202, figs 1–4]. Posterior part curved anteriorly in the form of a hook, while anterior part orientated anteriorly. Posterior part bare, while anterior part lamellar in form, with apical setules (possibly this part has a function in sperm transfer). Posteriorly, base of levers with one mesal row (rs) of minute setae. Basal mesal parts, probably coxal vesicles (cv) [= w sensu Strasser (1970): 202, fig 3], also covered by setae. Telopodital pigments can be seen at base of posterior processes in some specimens.

POSTERIOR GONOPODS ( Fig. 23 D). Similar to other Caucaseuma species, but characterized by the presence of a patch-like structure (ps) on the anterior side of whip-like coxal processes (cp).

Distribution. Russia (known only from Cave Fanagoriyskaya ) ( Fig. 168 , green circle).

Notes. Paratype male fragmented and incomplete.

Figures

FIGURE 21. Caucaseuma fanagoriyskaya sp. nov., paratype female habitus. Scale line = 1 mm.

FIGURE 22. Caucaseuma fanagoriyskaya sp. nov., paratype male. A. Leg-pair 2. B. Leg 3. C. Leg 4. D. Leg 7. Scale lines = 0.4 mm.

FIGURE 23. Caucaseuma fanagoriyskaya sp. nov., paratype male gonopods. A. Anterior gonopods, anterior view. B. Anterior gonopods, posterior view. C. Anterior gonopods, lateral view. D. Posterior gonopods, posterior view. c = coxite; t = telopodite; ah = anterior horn; cp = anterior coxal process / coxal process; cv = coxal vesicle; dl = denticulate lamella; lv = lever of the posterior coxal process; pp = posterior coxal process; ps = patch-like structure of posterior gonopods; rs = row of setae; sp = sternal plate; ss = sternal sac; alv = anterior part of lever; plv = posterior part of lever. Scale line = 0.3 mm.

FIGURE 168. Distribution of the Caucasian Anthroleucosomatidae: the Caucaseuma complex.